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Kumagai A, Takeda S, Sohara E, Uchida S, Iijima H, Itakura A, Koya D, Kanasaki K. Dietary Magnesium Insufficiency Induces Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Mice Associated With Reduced Kidney Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase Activity. Hypertension 2021; 78:138-150. [PMID: 33840199 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Kumagai
- Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine I, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan (A.K., K.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.K., S.T., A.I.)
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology (A.K., D.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.K., S.T., A.I.)
| | - Eisei Sohara
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Japan (E.S., S.U.)
| | - Shinichi Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Japan (E.S., S.U.)
| | - Hiroshi Iijima
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan (H.I.)
| | - Astuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.K., S.T., A.I.)
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology (A.K., D.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute (D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine I, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan (A.K., K.K.)
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute (D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Rios FJ, Touyz RM. Mg 2+ Channels as the Link Between Mg 2+ Deficiency and COMT Downregulation in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Hypertension 2021; 78:151-154. [PMID: 34106728 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Abramova TO, Smolenskaya SE, Antonov EV, Redina OE, Markel AL. Expression of catechol-O-methyltransferase (Comt), mineralocorticoid receptor (Mlr), and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) genes in kidneys of hypertensive ISIAH rats at rest and during response to stress. RUSS J GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415120029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kajimoto K, Minami Y, Harashima H. Cytoprotective role of the fatty acid binding protein 4 against oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:602-10. [PMID: 25161868 PMCID: PMC4141204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was elevated by silencing of FABP4. FABP4 silencing did not alter levels of glutathione or superoxide dismutase. The recombinant FABP4 significantly reduced levels of hydrogen peroxide. The resistance of adipocytes to oxidative stress was decreased by FABP4 knockdown. Silencing of FABP4 elevated the endoplasmic reticulum stress in adipocytes.
The fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), one of the most abundant proteins in adipocytes, has been reported to have a proinflammatory function in macrophages. However, the physiological role of FABP4, which is constitutively expressed in adipocytes, has not been fully elucidated. Previously, we demonstrated that FABP4 was involved in the regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this study, we examined the effects of FABP4 silencing on the oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-nitro-cyclic GMP levels were significantly elevated in the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes transfected with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Fabp4, although the intracellular levels or enzyme activities of antioxidants including reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4) were not altered. An in vitro evaluation using the recombinant protein revealed that FABP4 itself functions as a scavenger protein against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). FABP4-knockdown resulted in a significant lowering of cell viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes against H2O2 treatment. Moreover, four kinds of markers related to the ER stress response including the endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (Ern1), the signal sequence receptor α (Ssr1), the ORM1-like 3 (Ormdl3), and the spliced X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1s), were all elevated as the result of the knockdown of FABP4. Consequently, FABP4 might have a new role as an antioxidant protein against H2O2 and contribute to cytoprotection against oxidative and ER stress in adipocytes.
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Key Words
- Adipocyte
- Antioxidant
- ER stress
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- Ern1, endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1
- FABP, fatty acid binding protein
- FABP4
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GSTA4, glutathione S-transferase A4
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- Ormdl3, ORM1-like 3
- Oxidative stress
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Ssr1, signal sequence receptor α
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Xbp1, X-box binding protein 1.
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Kajimoto
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +81 11 706 2197; fax: +81 11 706 4879.
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Kajimoto K, Takayanagi S, Sasaki S, Akita H, Harashima H. RNA interference-based silencing reveals the regulatory role of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in the production of IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5629-36. [PMID: 23008513 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is believed to play an important role in maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the physiological functions of FABP4 in adipocytes have not been fully elucidated because of difficulties associated with the effective transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to differentiated adipocytes. The aim of this study was to clarify the physiological roles of FABP4 in adipocytes by establishing an efficient, universal technique for endogenous gene silencing in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Confocal-based three-dimensional observations demonstrated that, in traditionally cultured 3T3-L1 cells, multilayers of undifferentiated cells were formed. As a result, small interfering RNA failed to reach many of the differentiated cells. To solve this problem, we developed a reliable method, denoted as density-based separation followed by replating of enriched adipocytes in a monolayer (DREAM) and, using the developed method, succeeded in a significant knockdown of FABP4. Loss-of-function analyses revealed that FABP4 regulates the expression of IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediated by the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), a thrombin receptor, in adipocytes. In addition, the basal IL-6 production was partially suppressed by PAR1 knockdown. Moreover, we also demonstrated that IL-6 stimulates the proliferation of primary endothelial cells isolated from murine adipose tissue. These findings indicate that FABP4 may have a crucial role in modulating IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor as angiogenesis inducers stimulated by the cellular action of thrombin on adipocytes via PAR1. These findings promise to be helpful for developing an understanding of physiological counterparts with respect to the inflammatory and angiogenic properties of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Kajimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Ji X, Naito Y, Weng H, Endo K, Ma X, Iwai N. P2X7 deficiency attenuates hypertension and renal injury in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1207-15. [PMID: 22859404 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00051.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X(7) receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, and genetic variations in the P2X(7) gene significantly affect blood pressure. P2X(7) receptor expression is associated with renal injury and inflammatory diseases. Uninephrectomized wild-type (WT) and P2X(7)-deficient (P2X(7) KO) mice were subcutaneously implanted with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) pellets and fed an 8% salt diet for 18 days. Their blood pressure was assessed by a telemetry system. The mice were placed in metabolic cages, and urine was collected for 24 h to assess renal function. After 18 days of DOCA-salt treatment, P2X(7) mRNA and protein expression increased in WT mice. Blood pressure in P2X(7) KO mice was less than that of WT mice (mean systolic blood pressure 133 ± 3 vs. 150 ± 2 mmHg). On day 18, urinary albumin excretion was lower in P2X(7) KO mice than in WT mice (0.11 ± 0.07 vs. 0.28 ± 0.07 mg/day). Creatinine clearance was higher in P2X(7) KO mice than in WT mice (551.53 ± 65.23 vs. 390.85 ± 32.81 μl·min(-1)·g renal weight(-1)). Moreover, renal interstitial fibrosis and infiltration of immune cells (macrophages, T cells, B cells, and leukocytes) were markedly attenuated in P2X(7) KO mice compared with WT mice. The levels of IL-1β, released by macrophages, in P2X(7) KO mice had decreased dramatically compared with that in WT mice. These results strongly suggest that the P2X(7) receptor plays a key role in the development of hypertension and renal disease via increased inflammation, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- Dept. of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Association of the catechol-O-methyl transferase gene Val158Met polymorphism with blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension: interaction with dietary energy intake. Am J Hypertens 2011; 24:1022-6. [PMID: 21776034 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of a functional variant of the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene, Val158Met, have provided inconsistent results with regard to blood pressure or hypertension. We examined the effect of this variant, the considering environmental factors of daily salt and energy intakes. METHODS A total of 735 Japanese men (mean age, 47 years) were recruited from two separate occupational cohorts from Kanagawa and Kyoto prefectures. Participants were genotyped for the presence of COMT Val158Met (rs4680, G/A). Daily salt and energy intakes were evaluated by the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS Met/Met carriers had higher adjusted systolic blood pressure (SBP) (+4.79 mm Hg, P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (+2.33 mm Hg, P = 0.001) than Met/Val or Val/Val carriers. There was a significant association between being a Met/Met carrier and having a higher prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio = 2.448, 95% confidence interval = 1.426-4.205, P = 0.001). When salt and energy intakes were dichotomized, the effect of Val158Met on hypertension was observed only in the high-energy intake group, and was equivalent between low- and high-salt groups. CONCLUSION The Met allele of COMT Val158Met is associated with higher blood pressure and higher prevalence of hypertension in Japanese men, and energy intake may interact with this effect.
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Verdugo RA, Farber CR, Warden CH, Medrano JF. Serious limitations of the QTL/microarray approach for QTL gene discovery. BMC Biol 2010; 8:96. [PMID: 20624276 PMCID: PMC2919467 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-8-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that the use of gene expression microarrays in nonrecombinant parental or congenic strains can accelerate the process of isolating individual genes underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL). However, the effectiveness of this approach has not been assessed. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies that have implemented the QTL/microarray approach in rodents were reviewed. About 30% of studies showed enrichment for QTL candidates, mostly in comparisons between congenic and background strains. Three studies led to the identification of an underlying QTL gene. To complement the literature results, a microarray experiment was performed using three mouse congenic strains isolating the effects of at least 25 biometric QTL. Results show that genes in the congenic donor regions were preferentially selected. However, within donor regions, the distribution of differentially expressed genes was homogeneous once gene density was accounted for. Genes within identical-by-descent (IBD) regions were less likely to be differentially expressed in chromosome 2, but not in chromosomes 11 and 17. Furthermore, expression of QTL regulated in cis (cis eQTL) showed higher expression in the background genotype, which was partially explained by the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). CONCLUSIONS The literature shows limited successes from the QTL/microarray approach to identify QTL genes. Our own results from microarray profiling of three congenic strains revealed a strong tendency to select cis-eQTL over trans-eQTL. IBD regions had little effect on rate of differential expression, and we provide several reasons why IBD should not be used to discard eQTL candidates. In addition, mismatch probes produced false cis-eQTL that could not be completely removed with the current strains genotypes and low probe density microarrays. The reviewed studies did not account for lack of coverage from the platforms used and therefore removed genes that were not tested. Together, our results explain the tendency to report QTL candidates as differentially expressed and indicate that the utility of the QTL/microarray as currently implemented is limited. Alternatives are proposed that make use of microarray data from multiple experiments to overcome the outlined limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Verdugo
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis. Davis, CA 95616, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Craig H Warden
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis. Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Juan F Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis. Davis, CA 95616, USA
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KUNES J, DOBESOVA Z, MUSILOVA A, ZIDEK V, VORLICEK J, PRAVENEC M, KREN V, ZICHA J. Hemodynamic Characterization of Recombinant Inbred Strains: Twenty Years Later. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:1659-68. [DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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