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Persson P, Fasching A, Pihl L, Palm F. Adenosine reuptake inhibition reduces diabetes-induced glomerular hyperfiltration via the adenosine A2 a receptor. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R337-R343. [PMID: 37486069 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00278.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced glomerular hyperfiltration is an early alteration in kidney function in diabetes. Previous studies have shown that reduced adenosine A2a receptor signaling contributes to diabetes-induced glomerular hyperfiltration. The present study investigated the effects of enhanced interstitial adenosine concentration by inhibition of cellular adenosine reuptake, thereby promoting endogenous adenosine signaling. Insulinopenic diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two weeks after diabetes induction, kidney function in terms of glomerular filtration rate, and total, cortical, and medullary renal blood flows were evaluated under thiobutabarbital anesthesia during baseline and after renal artery infusion of two doses of the adenosine reuptake inhibitor dilazep. Dilazep did not affect mean arterial pressure indicating that the effects of the interventions were intrarenal. Diabetics had increased glomerular filtration rate compared with controls and dilazep dose-dependently decreased glomerular filtration rate in diabetics, whereas it had no significant effect in controls. Dilazep increased cortical renal blood flows in controls, whereas medullary blood flow was not significantly changed. Dilazep did not affect total renal blood flow in any of the groups but decreased cortical blood flow in diabetics, resulting in decreased filtration fraction by dilazep in diabetics. Pretreatment with the adenosine A2a antagonist ZM241385 prevented intrarenal dilazep-mediated effects on glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction in diabetics. In conclusion, enhancing intrarenal adenosine signaling by dilazep normalizes diabetes-induced glomerular hyperfiltration at least in part by activation of adenosine A2a receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Persson
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angelica Fasching
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Pihl
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Super-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging Can Quantify Alterations in Microbubble Velocities in the Renal Vasculature of Rats. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051111. [PMID: 35626267 PMCID: PMC9140053 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution ultrasound imaging, based on the localization and tracking of single intravascular microbubbles, makes it possible to map vessels below 100 µm. Microbubble velocities can be estimated as a surrogate for blood velocity, but their clinical potential is unclear. We investigated if a decrease in microbubble velocity in the arterial and venous beds of the renal cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla was detectable after intravenous administration of the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. The left kidneys of seven rats were scanned with super-resolution ultrasound for 10 min before, during, and after prazosin administration using a bk5000 ultrasound scanner and hockey-stick probe. The super-resolution images were manually segmented, separating cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla. Microbubble tracks from arteries/arterioles were separated from vein/venule tracks using the arterial blood flow direction. The mean microbubble velocities from each scan were compared. This showed a significant prazosin-induced velocity decrease only in the cortical arteries/arterioles (from 1.59 ± 0.38 to 1.14 ± 0.31 to 1.18 ± 0.33 mm/s, p = 0.013) and outer medulla descending vasa recta (from 0.70 ± 0.05 to 0.66 ± 0.04 to 0.69 ± 0.06 mm/s, p = 0.026). Conclusively, super-resolution ultrasound imaging makes it possible to detect and differentiate microbubble velocity responses to prazosin simultaneously in the renal cortical and medullary vascular beds.
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Coppi E, Cherchi F, Venturini M, Lucarini E, Corradetti R, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Pedata F, Pugliese AM. Therapeutic Potential of Highly Selective A 3 Adenosine Receptor Ligands in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061890. [PMID: 35335254 PMCID: PMC8952202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ligands of the Gi protein-coupled adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) are receiving increasing interest as attractive therapeutic tools for the treatment of a number of pathological conditions of the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively). Their safe pharmacological profiles emerging from clinical trials on different pathologies (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and fatty liver diseases) confer a realistic translational potential to these compounds, thus encouraging the investigation of highly selective agonists and antagonists of A3R. The present review summarizes information on the effect of latest-generation A3R ligands, not yet available in commerce, obtained by using different in vitro and in vivo models of various PNS- or CNS-related disorders. This review places particular focus on brain ischemia insults and colitis, where the prototypical A3R agonist, Cl-IB-MECA, and antagonist, MRS1523, have been used in research studies as reference compounds to explore the effects of latest-generation ligands on this receptor. The advantages and weaknesses of these compounds in terms of therapeutic potential are discussed.
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Nakamoto H. Visualisation studies and glomerular filtration in early diabetic rats. J Biomech 2017; 50:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Persson P, Hansell P, Palm F. Reduced adenosine A2a receptor–mediated efferent arteriolar vasodilation contributes to diabetes-induced glomerular hyperfiltration. Kidney Int 2015; 87:109-15. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zeng H, Liu S, Wang P, Qu X, Ji H, Wang X, Zhu X, Song Z, Yang X, Ma Z, Zhu H. Dilazep synergistically reactivates latent HIV-1 in latently infected cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7697-704. [PMID: 25091947 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The long-lived latently infected cells persist in spite of prolonged highly active anti-retroviral therapy and present a major barrier to a cure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Elimination of this reservoir requires reactivation of the latent virus. None of the current agents can safely and effectively reactivate latent HIV-1 reservoirs. Dilazep, a nucleoside transport inhibitor, is used to treat ischemic dysfunction. However, little is known about the effect of dilazep in inducing HIV expression in latently infected cells. Using the Jurkat T cell model of HIV-1 latency, we found that dilazep effectively reactivates latent HIV-1 gene expression in a dose manner. We observed that dilazep synergistically reactivated latent HIV-1 transcription with valproic acid. We also found that dilazep activates viral latency without inducing cell surface activation markers CD25 and CD69 activation. In summary, dilazep, alone or in combination with VPA, could be useful in future eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxian Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Nakamoto H, Kajiya F. In VivoQuantitative Visualization Analysis of the Effect of C-Peptide on Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Diabetic Rats by Using Multiphoton Microscopy. Microcirculation 2013; 20:425-33. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakamoto
- Department of Medical Engineering and Systems Cardiology; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki; Okayama; Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kajiya
- Department of Medical Engineering and Systems Cardiology; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki; Okayama; Japan
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Persson P, Hansell P, Palm F. Adenosine A2 receptor-mediated regulation of renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration rate is abolished in diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 765:225-230. [PMID: 22879037 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4989-8_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are one of the earliest indications of altered kidney function in diabetes. Adenosine regulates GFR through tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism acting on adenosine A1 receptor. In addition, adenosine can directly regulate vascular tone by acting on A1 and A2 receptors expressed in afferent and efferent arterioles. Opposite to A1 receptors, A2 receptors mediate vasorelaxation. This study investigates the involvement of adenosine A2 receptors in regulation of renal blood flow (RBF) and GFR in control and diabetic kidneys. GFR was measured by inulin clearance and RBF by a transonic flow probe placed around the renal artery. Measurements were performed in isoflurane-anesthetized normoglycemic and alloxan-diabetic C57BL/6 mice during baseline and after acute administration of 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX), a selective A2 receptor antagonist. GFR and RBF were lower in diabetic mice compared to control (258 ± 61 vs. 443 ± 33 μl min(-1) and 1,083 ± 51 vs. 1,405 ± 78 μl min(-1)). In control animals, DMPX decreased RBF by -6%, whereas GFR increased +44%. DMPX had no effects on GFR and RBF in diabetic mice. Sodium excretion increased in diabetic mice after A2 receptor blockade (+78%). In conclusion, adenosine acting on A2 receptors mediates an efferent arteriolar dilatation which reduces filtration fraction (FF) and maintains GFR within normal range in normoglycemic mice. However, this regulation is absent in diabetic mice, which may contribute to reduced oxygen availability in the diabetic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Persson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, 571, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Hansell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, 571, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, 571, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Li L, Mizel D, Huang Y, Eisner C, Hoerl M, Thiel M, Schnermann J. Tubuloglomerular feedback and renal function in mice with targeted deletion of the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 304:F382-9. [PMID: 23269643 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00581.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A(1) adenosine receptors (A1AR) are required for the modulation of afferent arteriolar tone by changes in luminal NaCl concentration implying that extracellular adenosine concentrations need to change in synchrony with NaCl. The present experiments were performed in mice with a null mutation in the gene for the major equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT1 to test whether interference with adenosine disposition by cellular uptake of adenosine may modify TGF characteristics. Responses of stop flow pressure (P(SF)) to maximum flow stimulation were measured in mice with either C57Bl/6 or SWR/J genetic backgrounds. Maximum flow stimulation reduced P(SF) in ENT1(-/-) compared with wild-type (WT) mice by 1.6 ± 0.4 mmHg (n = 28) and 5.8 ± 1.1 mmHg (n = 17; P < 0.001) in C57Bl/6 and by 1.4 ± 0.4 mmHg (n = 15) and 9 ± 1.5 mmHg (n = 9; P < 0.001) in SWR/J. Plasma concentrations of adenosine and inosine were markedly higher in ENT1(-/-) than WT mice (ado: 1,179 ± 78 and 225 ± 48 pmol/ml; ino: 179 ± 24 and 47.5 ± 9 pmol/ml). Renal mRNA expressions of the four adenosine receptors, ENT2, and adenosine deaminase were not significantly different between WT and ENT1(-/-) mice. No significant differences of glomerular filtration rate or mean arterial blood pressure were found while plasma renin concentration, and heart rates were significantly lower in ENT1(-/-) animals. In conclusion, TGF responsiveness is significantly attenuated in the absence of ENT1, pointing to a role of nucleoside transport in the NaCl-synchronous changes of extracellular adenosine levels in the juxtaglomerular apparatus interstitium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ramirez-Montes PI, Ochoa ME, Rodríguez V, Santillan R, García-Ortega H, Rodríguez P, Farfán N. Synthesis, characterization, and X-ray analysis of new N,N′-disubstituted-1,4-diazepanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grenz A, Bauerle JD, Dalton JH, Ridyard D, Badulak A, Tak E, McNamee EN, Clambey E, Moldovan R, Reyes G, Klawitter J, Ambler K, Magee K, Christians U, Brodsky KS, Ravid K, Choi DS, Wen J, Lukashev D, Blackburn MR, Osswald H, Coe IR, Nürnberg B, Haase VH, Xia Y, Sitkovsky M, Eltzschig HK. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) regulates postischemic blood flow during acute kidney injury in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:693-710. [PMID: 22269324 DOI: 10.1172/jci60214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex biologic network regulates kidney perfusion under physiologic conditions. This system is profoundly perturbed following renal ischemia, a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) - a life-threatening condition that frequently complicates the care of hospitalized patients. Therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat AKI are extremely limited. Better understanding of the molecular pathways promoting postischemic reflow could provide new candidate targets for AKI therapeutics. Due to its role in adapting tissues to hypoxia, we hypothesized that extracellular adenosine has a regulatory function in the postischemic control of renal perfusion. Consistent with the notion that equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) terminate adenosine signaling, we observed that pharmacologic ENT inhibition in mice elevated renal adenosine levels and dampened AKI. Deletion of the ENTs resulted in selective protection in Ent1-/- mice. Comprehensive examination of adenosine receptor-knockout mice exposed to AKI demonstrated that renal protection by ENT inhibitors involves the A2B adenosine receptor. Indeed, crosstalk between renal Ent1 and Adora2b expressed on vascular endothelia effectively prevented a postischemic no-reflow phenomenon. These studies identify ENT1 and adenosine receptors as key to the process of reestablishing renal perfusion following ischemic AKI. If translatable from mice to humans, these data have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Grenz
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Siddiqui IR, Shamim S, Kumar D, Shireen, Waseem MA. Tandem imino-pinacol coupling-aza-Michael reaction promoted by Zn/InCl3: a novel multicomponent strategy for diastereoselective synthesis of monocyclic 1,4-diazepine in water. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Basic alumina supported one-pot synthesis of structurally diverse pyridine/quinolinine-fused novel diazepanium, diazocanium, imidazodilinium and tetrahydro-pyrimidiniums. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Crestey F, Witt M, Jaroszewski JW, Franzyk H. Expedite Protocol for Construction of Chiral Regioselectively N-Protected Monosubstituted Piperazine, 1,4-Diazepane, and 1,4-Diazocane Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5652-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900441s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Crestey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Witt
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jerzy W. Jaroszewski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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