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Dimitrov KM, Taylor TL, Marcano VC, Williams-Coplin D, Olivier TL, Yu Q, Gogal RM, Suarez DL, Afonso CL. Novel Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus-Based In Ovo Vaccines Bypass Maternal Immunity to Provide Full Protection from Early Virulent Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101189. [PMID: 34696297 PMCID: PMC8538074 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most economically important poultry diseases. Despite intensive efforts with current vaccination programs, this disease still occurs worldwide, causing significant mortality even in vaccinated flocks. This has been partially attributed to a gap in immunity during the post-hatch period due to the presence of maternal antibodies that negatively impact the replication of the commonly used live vaccines. In ovo vaccines have multiple advantages and present an opportunity to address this problem. Currently employed in ovo ND vaccines are recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT)-vectored vaccines expressing Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigens. Although proven efficient, these vaccines have some limitations, such as delayed immunogenicity and the inability to administer a second HVT vaccine post-hatch. The use of live ND vaccines for in ovo vaccination is currently not applicable, as these are associated with high embryo mortality. In this study, recombinant NDV-vectored experimental vaccines containing an antisense sequence of avian interleukin 4 (IL4R) and their backbones were administered in ovo at different doses in 18-day-old commercial eggs possessing high maternal antibodies titers. The hatched birds were challenged with virulent NDV at 2 weeks-of-age. Post-hatch vaccine shedding, post-challenge survival, challenge virus shedding, and humoral immune responses were evaluated at multiple timepoints. Recombinant NDV (rNDV) vaccinated birds had significantly reduced post-hatch mortality compared with the wild-type LaSota vaccine. All rNDV vaccines were able to penetrate maternal immunity and induce a strong early humoral immune response. Further, the rNDV vaccines provided protection from clinical disease and significantly decreased virus shedding after early virulent NDV challenge at two weeks post-hatch. The post-challenge hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers in the vaccinated groups remained comparable with the pre-challenge titers, suggesting the capacity of the studied vaccines to prevent efficient replication of the challenge virus. Post-hatch survival after vaccination with the rNDV-IL4R vaccines was dose-dependent, with an increase in survival as the dose decreased. This improved survival and the dose-dependency data suggest that novel attenuated in ovo rNDV-based vaccines that are able to penetrate maternal immunity to elicit a strong immune response as early as 14 days post-hatch, resulting in high or full protection from virulent challenge, show promise as a contributor to the control of Newcastle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA or (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (V.C.M.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.); (D.L.S.)
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 483 Agronomy Road, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tonya L. Taylor
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA or (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (V.C.M.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.); (D.L.S.)
| | - Valerie C. Marcano
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA or (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (V.C.M.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.); (D.L.S.)
| | - Dawn Williams-Coplin
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA or (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (V.C.M.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.); (D.L.S.)
| | - Timothy L. Olivier
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA or (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (V.C.M.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.); (D.L.S.)
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA;
| | - Robert M. Gogal
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences & Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - David L. Suarez
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA or (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (V.C.M.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.); (D.L.S.)
| | - Claudio L. Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA or (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (V.C.M.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.); (D.L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-800-817-7160
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Abou Elazab MF, Horiuchi H, Furusawa S. Induction of non-specific suppression in chicks by specific combination of maternal antibody and related antigen. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1363-9. [PMID: 26050841 PMCID: PMC4667651 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific immune suppression in newly hatched chicks induced by specific
maternal antibodies has been reported. Laying hens were immunized with
dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH). Purified maternal anti-DNP and
non-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) Y antibodies were transferred by yolk sac inoculation to
newly hatched chicks, and then, they were immunized with an optimum immunogenic dose of
DNP-KLH at 1 and 4 weeks of age. Concentrations of anti-DNP antibodies in serum samples of
these chicks were measured by using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Proportions
of T-cell subsets in peripheral blood of these chicks were also measured by flow
cytometric analysis at 5 weeks of age (one week after the second immunization).
Suppression of anti-DNP antibody response and down-regulation of
CD3+CD4+ cells were observed in the chicks received high dose of
maternal anti-DNP antibodies and immunized with DNP-KLH. On the other hand, normal
anti-DNP antibody response and normal proportion of CD3+CD4+ cells
were observed in the chicks received high dose of non-specific IgY antibodies and
immunized with DNP-KLH. Furthermore, when chicks received high dose of maternal anti-DNP
antibodies and immunized with DNP-KLH at 1 and 4 weeks of age and then with rabbit serum
albumin (RSA) at 5 and 8 weeks of age, their primary anti-RSA response was also
significantly suppressed. We indicate here that specific maternal antibodies can affect
both B and T cell responses and induce non-specific suppression against different
antigens. However, this non-specific suppression does not continue for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fahmy Abou Elazab
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Merrill L, Grindstaff JL. Maternal antibody transfer can lead to suppression of humoral immunity in developing zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:740-51. [PMID: 25244385 DOI: 10.1086/677218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Maternally transferred antibodies have been documented in a wide range of taxa and are thought to adaptively provide protection against parasites and pathogens while the offspring immune system is developing. In most birds, transfer occurs when females deposit immunoglobulin Y into the egg yolk, and it is proportional to the amount in the female's plasma. Maternal antibodies can provide short-term passive protection as well as specific and nonspecific immunological priming, but high levels of maternal antibody can result in suppression of the offspring's humoral immune response. We injected adult female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) with one of two antigens (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] or keyhole limpet hemocyanin [KLH]) or a control and then injected offspring with LPS, KLH, or a control on days 5 and 28 posthatch to examine the impact of maternally transferred antibodies on the ontogeny of the offspring's humoral immune system. We found that offspring of females exposed to KLH had elevated levels of KLH-reactive antibody over the first 17-28 days posthatch but reduced KLH-specific antibody production between days 28 and 36. We also found that offspring exposed to either LPS or KLH exhibited reduced total antibody levels, compared to offspring that received a control injection. These results indicate that high levels of maternal antibodies or antigen exposure during development can have negative repercussions on short-term antibody production and may have long-term fitness repercussions for the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Merrill
- Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078; 2Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
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Yamaki K, Miyatake K, Nakashima T, Morioka A, Yamamoto M, Ishibashi Y, Ito A, Kuranishi A, Yoshino S. Intravenous IgA complexed with antigen reduces primary antibody response to the antigen and anaphylaxis upon antigen re-exposure by inhibiting Th1 and Th2 activation in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:316-28. [PMID: 25077632 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.946143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Serum IgG, IgE and IgM have been shown to enhance the primary antibody responses upon exposure to the soluble antigens recognized by those antibodies. However, how IgA affects these responses remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of intravenously administered monoclonal IgA on the immune responses in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS DBA/1J mice were immunized with ovalbumin in the presence or absence of anti-ovalbumin monoclonal IgA. The Th1 and Th2 immune responses to ovalbumin and the anaphylaxis induced by re-exposure to ovalbumin were measured. RESULTS IgA complexed with antigen attenuated the primary antibody responses to the antigen in mice, in contrast to IgG2b and IgE. The primary antibody responses, i.e. the de novo synthesis of anti-ovalbumin IgG2a, IgG1 and IgE in the serum, and the subsequent anaphylaxis induced with re-exposure to ovalbumin were reduced by the co-injection of anti-ovalbumin monoclonal IgA at ovalbumin immunization. The Th1, Th2 and Tr1 cytokines interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10, respectively, released from ovalbumin-restimulated cultured splenocytes collected from allergic mice were also reduced by the treatment. The induction of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 secretion by splenocytes from ovalbumin-immunized mice stimulated in vitro with ovalbumin was also significantly reduced by the antigen complexed with anti-ovalbumin IgA. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the direct inhibition of Th1 and Th2 activation by anti-ovalbumin monoclonal IgA participates in the inhibition of the primary antibody responses. IgA plays important immunosuppressive roles under physiological and pathological conditions and is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouya Yamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe, Hyogo , Japan
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Fraile L, Grau-Roma L, Sarasola P, Sinovas N, Nofrarías M, López-Jimenez R, López-Soria S, Sibila M, Segalés J. Inactivated PCV2 one shot vaccine applied in 3-week-old piglets: Improvement of production parameters and interaction with maternally derived immunity. Vaccine 2012; 30:1986-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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