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Ohtaki T, Fujiwara H, Watanabe G, Ono M, Taya K, Tsumagari S. Changes in luteinizing hormone pulse frequency and prolactin levels in bitches in response to estrus induction by cabergoline-its cases where it is delayed to induce estrus. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1773-1780. [PMID: 33132356 PMCID: PMC7804036 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of estrus induction by cabergoline on gonadotropin and steroid hormone responses was examined in anestrous bitches. Eleven beagles were used in the study; seven were included in the estrus induction group and four were included in the spontaneous estrus group. Cabergoline was orally administered to the estrus induction group at 5 µg/kg once daily for four weeks, or until hemorrhagic discharge was detected. The inter-estrus interval in the estrus induction group was significantly shorter than the previous estrus interval. Bitches that showed proestrus within four weeks of treatment showed increased luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency and, subsequently, increased estradiol (E2) levels. Prolactin (PRL) levels declined promptly after treatment, except in one bitch that did not show proestrus during the cabergoline treatment period. There was a significant correlation between the time to proestrus induction and the reduction in PRL levels. A positive correlation was found between the LH levels two weeks after cabergoline administration and PRL reduction. This study demonstrates that an abrupt reduction in PRL is likely to be important for initiation of estrus in bitches. A reduction in PRL indirectly leads to an increase in LH pulse frequency, which regulates follicular development in bitches. However, if the period from the end of the previous estrus to the cabergoline treatment is short, it may take some time to show proestrus without increasing E2 levels, even if the LH level increases after cabergoline administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Ohtaki
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Haruna Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Basic Veterinary Science, the Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mamiko Ono
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Taya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Tsumagari
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Ohtaki T, Ogata K, Kajikawa H, Sumiyoshi T, Asano S, Tsumagari S, Horikita T. Effect of high-concentrate corn grain diet-induced elevated ruminal lipopolysaccharide levels on dairy cow liver function. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:971-977. [PMID: 32461536 PMCID: PMC7399309 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-concentrate diet destroys gram-negative bacteria in the cattle rumen, leading to elevated ruminal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. LPS causes liver inflammation through the
hepatic portal vein but little is known about the effects of rumen-derived LPS on liver function and the reproductive organs. In this study, we determined the effect of increasing
rumen fluid LPS levels on liver function and genital LPS levels. Cows were assigned to control (CON; n=5) and high-concentrate diet (HC; n=7) groups. We observed that the ruminal
LPS and haptoglobin (Hp) levels were significantly higher and albumin levels were lower in the HC group than in the CON group. In the HC group, The Hp levels and aspartate
transaminase (AST) activity were significantly higher and the total cholesterol levels were significantly lower after high-concentrate diet feeding than before feeding. No
differences were observed in LPS levels in the peripheral veins, hepatic veins, hepatic portal vein, uterine perfusate, and follicular fluids between the groups. In all samples,
the LPS level in the hepatic portal vein blood positively correlated with the AST activity and serum amyloid A level. In conclusion, our results indicate that high-concentrate
diets do not have a direct effect on the reproductive organs upon a moderate ruminal LPS level increase. However, an increased ruminal LPS influx into the liver might affect
negatively liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Ohtaki
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kanae Ogata
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajikawa
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sumiyoshi
- Laboratory of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Sanae Asano
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Tsumagari
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Horikita
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Ono M, Ohtaki T, Nakahashi T, Tsumagari S. Effect of feed restriction on hepatic estradiol metabolism and liver function in cows. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1873-1878. [PMID: 31723071 PMCID: PMC6943328 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of restriction feeding on the liver function, hepatic uridine
diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity, hepatic insulin-like growth factor
(IGF)-1 mRNA expression and response to high-dose estradiol-17β (E2)
administration were investigated in non-lactating cows. Cows were assigned to either
restricted feeding (30% of total digestible nutrient requirement) or ad
libitum feeding of a dent corn-based concentrate and roughage for a 2-week
feeding trial (Day 1=day of beginning the feeding trial). On day 14, a high-dose
E2 administration study was carried out to examine plasma E2
levels as an indicator of hepatic E2 metabolism. Plasma E2
concentration in the restricted feeding group was consistently higher after high-dose
E2 administration than in the control group. In addition, indocyanine green
half-life value was prolonged by restricted feeding for 13 days, and increased liver
triglyceride concentration and decreased liver UGT activity were caused by this
restriction over 14 days. Restricted feeding did not affect plasma IGF-1 concentration or
hepatic IGF-1 mRNA expression. These results suggest that two weeks of restriction feeding
led to accumulation of triglyceride, decreased liver blood flow, and slightly impaired
liver function, which in turn slowed down the hepatic metabolism of E2 without
significantly impacting hepatic IGF-1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Ono
- Laboratory of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Tadatoshi Ohtaki
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Toru Nakahashi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Tsumagari
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Tanemura K, Ohtaki T, Kuwahara Y, Tsumagari S. Association between liver failure and hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in dairy cows with follicular cysts. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:86-91. [PMID: 27666462 PMCID: PMC5289243 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) liver activity was measured using estradiol-17β as a substrate in dairy cows with follicular cysts. The activity was significantly lower than that in dairy cows with normal estrous cycles (P<0.01). Liver disorders, such as fatty liver and hepatitis, were observed in half cows with follicular cysts, and liver UGT activity was lower than that in cows with normal estrus cycles. In addition, the liver UGT activity was significantly lower in dairy cows with follicular cysts without liver disorders than in dairy cows with normal estrous cycles. Therefore, the cows were divided into those with low, middle and high liver UGT activities, and liver disorder complication rates were investigated. The complication rate was significantly higher in the low- (78.1%) than in the middle- (22.2%) and high-level (8.3%) groups, suggesting that liver disorders are closely associated with the development of follicular cysts in dairy cows and that steroid hormone metabolism is delayed because of reduced liver UGT activity, resulting in follicular cyst formation. We conclude that reduced estradiol-17β glucuronidation in the liver and liver disorders are associated with follicular cyst occurrence in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tanemura
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Bioresouce Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Tanemura K, Ohtaki T, Ono M, Tsumagari S. Development of ovarian diseases in dairy cows with a history of fatty liver, and their prognosis. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:755-60. [PMID: 26781845 PMCID: PMC4905827 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present report, the incidence and prognosis of ovarian diseases were evaluated in correlation to the grades of the fatty livers (FL). 233 animals were diagnosed with a FL, based on fat deposition of >10% into the hepatic parenchyma obtained from liver biopsy, and were eventually cured of the FL. These 233 animals were classified into mild group (n=99: hepatic fat deposition rates ranging from 10 to <30%), moderate group (n=56: hepatic fat deposition rates ranging from 30 to <60%) and severe group (n=78: hepatic fat deposition rates of >60%). The incidence of ovarian diseases and the culling rate were, respectively, 40.0% and 10.0% in mild group, 58.3% and 37.5% in moderate group, and 84.9% and 69.7% in severe group. The incidence of ovarian diseases and the culling rates in severe group were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in mild and moderate groups. It was, therefore, concluded that the elevated incidence of ovarian disease and culling rates tend to be dependent on the higher severity scores of the fat deposition rates in dairy cows with FL and that cases with severe FL, with a fat deposition rate of 60% or higher, were greatly associated with death and culling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tanemura
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Bioresouce Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Astiz S, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Perez-Solana ML, Sanchez-Sanchez R, Torres-Rovira L. In vitro release of ovarian progesterone is decreased during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy of swine with obesity/leptin resistance. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:e44-8. [PMID: 23379477 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that reproductive prolificacy of obese swine breeds is markedly influenced by embryo losses in early pregnancy. In such period, adequate secretion of progesterone (P4) by the ovary is essential for pregnancy success. This study analyses the luteal functionality during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy of Iberian sows and Large White x Landrace females, in terms of P4 secretion after in vitro culture of luteal tissue stimulated or not with luteinizing hormone (LH). The secretion of progesterone (expressed in ng/mg of luteal tissue or ng/mgLT) of the corpora lutea of obese Iberian swine was always hampered when compared to lean genotypes, either during early oestrous cycle (110.7 ± 37.8 vs 259.7 ± 10.2 ng/mgLT; p < 0.0001), late oestrous cycle (49.0 ± 3.5 vs 75.92 ± 7.14 ng/mgLT; p < 0.0001) or early pregnancy (38.4 ± 2.1 vs 70.7 ± 5.3 ng/mgLT; p < 0.0001). The differences in basal P4 secretion remained after stimulation with LH. Finally, P4 secretion during early pregnancy of Iberian sows decreased with age and, hence, with obesity features (46.6 ± 4.2 vs 65.5 ± 4.8 ng/mgLT; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results of the present study provide convincing evidence of a reduced luteal function during oestrous cycle and early pregnancy of sows with obesity/leptin resistance like Iberian sows, which may contribute to the low reproductive efficiency reported in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Astiz
- Animal Reproduction Department-INIA, Madrid, Spain.
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