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Buder C, Meemken D, Fürstenberg R, Langforth S, Kirse A, Langkabel N. Drinking Pipes and Nipple Drinkers in Pig Abattoir Lairage Pens-A Source of Zoonotic Pathogens as a Hazard to Meat Safety. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2554. [PMID: 37894212 PMCID: PMC10609512 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The water distribution system in the lairage pens of abattoirs could act as a route of contamination for produced meat. In this study, biofilm formation and the occurrence of specific pathogens in drinking equipment was investigated in different lairage pens in a German commercial pig abattoir. Samples of the water and the drinkers in different locations were microbiologically cultivated and examined. After new drinking equipment had been installed for one month, three months and five years, biofilm formation was detectable, and retrograde growth from the nipple drinkers was seen up to the connection with the main water distribution system. In particular, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. were found in all samplings of the nipple drinkers. Zoonotic pathogens, Salmonella, pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, were also isolated from the nipple drinkers, while Listeria monocytogenes was not detected via microbial cultivation methods in any of the samples. Since the pigs take the contaminated nipple drinkers into their mouths to drink, or drink contaminated water containing the pathogens, transmission and even infection of the pigs in the lairage can be assumed. This could consequently lead to contamination or cross-contamination of the meat during slaughter and processing and to a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Buder
- Working Group Meat Hygiene, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (C.B.); (R.F.); (S.L.); (N.L.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Meemken
- Working Group Meat Hygiene, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (C.B.); (R.F.); (S.L.); (N.L.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Fürstenberg
- Working Group Meat Hygiene, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (C.B.); (R.F.); (S.L.); (N.L.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susann Langforth
- Working Group Meat Hygiene, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (C.B.); (R.F.); (S.L.); (N.L.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Kirse
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Nina Langkabel
- Working Group Meat Hygiene, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (C.B.); (R.F.); (S.L.); (N.L.)
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Wilson A, Fegan N, Turner MS. Co-culture with Acinetobacter johnsonii enhances benzalkonium chloride resistance in Salmonella enterica via triggering lipid A modifications. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 381:109905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ming T, Geng L, Feng Y, Lu C, Zhou J, Li Y, Zhang D, He S, Li Y, Cheong L, Su X. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus Under Different Osmotic Stress Conditions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1082. [PMID: 31191466 PMCID: PMC6549500 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an extremely halotolerant pathogenic bacterium with high osmotic stress tolerance, and it is frequently encountered in aquatic production and preservation. However, the mechanism underlying the extremely high osmotic stress tolerance of S. aureus remains unclear. In this study, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) method was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) under different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations. Compared with the control group (0% NaCl), the 10 and 20% NaCl groups had 484 DEPs and 750 DEPs, respectively. Compared with the 10% NaCl group, the 20% NaCl group had 361 DEPs. Among the DEPs, proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis, proline/glycine betaine biosynthesis and transportation, stress tolerance, cell wall biosynthesis and the TCA cycle were upregulated, whereas proteins associated with biofilm formation and pathogenic infections were downregulated. The results obtained in this study indicate that under extremely high osmotic stress, modification of the cell membrane structure, increased biosynthesis and transportation of osmotic protectants, and redistribution of energy metabolism contribute to the osmotic stress tolerance of S. aureus, and the infectious ability of the bacteria may be limited. The aim of this study was to provide new insight into how S. aureus tolerates the high-salt conditions involved in aquatic production and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghong Ming
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lingxin Geng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Feng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dijun Zhang
- Zhejiang Zhengli Antuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Shan He
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lingzhi Cheong
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Chylkova T, Cadena M, Ferreiro A, Pitesky M. Susceptibility of Salmonella Biofilm and Planktonic Bacteria to Common Disinfectant Agents Used in Poultry Processing. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1072-1079. [PMID: 28561639 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Poultry contaminated with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica are a major cause of zoonotic foodborne gastroenteritis. Salmonella Heidelberg is a common serotype of Salmonella that has been implicated as a foodborne pathogen associated with the consumption of improperly prepared chicken. To better understand the effectiveness of common antimicrobial disinfectants (i.e., peroxyacetic acid [PAA], acidified hypochlorite [aCH], and cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC]), environmental isolates of nontyphoidal Salmonella were exposed to these agents under temperature, concentration, and contact time conditions consistent with poultry processing. Under simulated processing conditions (i.e., chiller tank and dipping stations), the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of each disinfectant were assessed against biofilm and planktonic cultures of each organism in a disinfectant challenge. Log reductions, planktonic MICs, and mean biofilm eradication concentrations were computed. The biofilms of each Salmonella isolate were more resistant to the disinfectants than were their planktonic counterparts. Although PAA was bacteriostatic and bactericidal against the biofilm and planktonic Salmonella isolates tested at concentrations up to 64 times the concentrations commonly used in a chiller tank during poultry processing, aCH was ineffective against the same isolates under identical conditions. At the simulated 8-s dipping station, CPC was bacteriostatic against all seven and bactericidal against six of the seven Salmonella isolates in their biofilm forms at concentrations within the regulatory range. These results indicate that at the current contact times and concentrations, aCH and PAA are not effective against these Salmonella isolates in their biofilm state. The use of CPC should be considered as a tool for controlling Salmonella biofilms in poultry processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Chylkova
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Myrna Cadena
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Aura Ferreiro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Maurice Pitesky
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Sereno MJ, Ziech RE, Druziani JT, Pereira JG, Bersot LS. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Biofilm Production by Salmonella sp. Strains Isolated from Frozen Poultry Carcasses. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MJ Sereno
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | - RE Ziech
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - LS Bersot
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
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De Oliveira DCV, Fernandes Júnior A, Kaneno R, Silva MG, Araújo Júnior JP, Silva NCC, Rall VLM. Ability of Salmonella spp. to Produce Biofilm Is Dependent on Temperature and Surface Material. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:478-83. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Cristina Vidal De Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ary Fernandes Júnior
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Kaneno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Guimarães Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Botucatu, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araújo Júnior
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Cristina Cirone Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Mores Rall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Effectiveness of disinfectants used in hemodialysis against both Candida orthopsilosis and C. parapsilosis sensu stricto biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2417-21. [PMID: 23478969 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01308-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms have been observed in the fluid pathways of hemodialysis machines. The impacts of four biocides used for the disinfection of hemodialysis systems were tested against Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto and Candida orthopsilosis biofilms generated by isolates obtained from a hydraulic circuit that were collected in a hemodialysis unit. Acetic acid was shown to be the most effective agent against Candida biofilms. Strategies for effective disinfection procedures used for hemodialysis systems should also seek to kill and inhibit biofilms.
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