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Zirngibl M, Assinck P, Sizov A, Caprariello AV, Plemel JR. Oligodendrocyte death and myelin loss in the cuprizone model: an updated overview of the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of cuprizone demyelination. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:34. [PMID: 35526004 PMCID: PMC9077942 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary consumption of cuprizone – a copper chelator – has long been known to induce demyelination of specific brain structures and is widely used as model of multiple sclerosis. Despite the extensive use of cuprizone, the mechanism by which it induces demyelination are still unknown. With this review we provide an updated understanding of this model, by showcasing two distinct yet overlapping modes of action for cuprizone-induced demyelination; 1) damage originating from within the oligodendrocyte, caused by mitochondrial dysfunction or reduced myelin protein synthesis. We term this mode of action ‘intrinsic cell damage’. And 2) damage to the oligodendrocyte exerted by inflammatory molecules, brain resident cells, such as oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia or peripheral immune cells – neutrophils or T-cells. We term this mode of action ‘extrinsic cellular damage’. Lastly, we summarize recent developments in research on different forms of cell death induced by cuprizone, which could add valuable insights into the mechanisms of cuprizone toxicity. With this review we hope to provide a modern understanding of cuprizone-induced demyelination to understand the causes behind the demyelination in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zirngibl
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Peggy Assinck
- Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anastasia Sizov
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew V Caprariello
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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2
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y. 2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells through the notch signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12707. [PMID: 31617266 PMCID: PMC6869463 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Fibrosis is a complex process involved in multiple diseases that result in organ injury and failure. Cataract, one common form of ocular fibrosis, is a main cause of blindness worldwide, and surgery may be the only cure. In this regard, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is the primary cause of anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC). This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which 2',3'‐cyclic‐nucleotide 3'‐phosphodiesterase (CNPase) regulates the function of EMT in LECs. Materials and Methods A mouse model of ASC was used to observe the expression of CNPase in the lens and correlate its expression changes with lens EMT. Furthermore, the effects of CNPase on cell migration and cell proliferation were evaluated by transwell migration, wound healing and EdU staining assays. Finally, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to assess the mechanical properties potentially involved in the regulation of EMT by CNPase. Results The expression of CNPase was upregulated in LECs during the EMT process in mice with ASC. Notably, CNPase significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and EMT of LECs in vitro. Interestingly, the EMT‐promoting mechanism of CNPase may be achieved by targeting the Notch signalling pathway. Conclusions Considering the involvement of EMT in ASC, both CNPase and the Notch signalling pathway may be therapeutic targets for the treatment of cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Technology Transfer Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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3
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KANNO T, KUROTAKI T, YAMADA N, TOMONARI Y, SATO J, TSUCHITANI M, KOBAYASHI Y. Supplemental study on 2', 3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase (CNPase) activity in developing rat spinal cord lesions induced by hexachlorophene and cuprizone. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1368-1372. [PMID: 31447458 PMCID: PMC6785608 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that 2', 3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase (CNPase) expression is induced in different temporal patterns in the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata of hexachlorophene (HCP) and cuprizone (CPZ) treated rats. Here, we additionally examined the histopathological changes and CNPase expression in the spinal cord to clarify the reproducibility of different temporal patterns of CNPase expression in the spinal cord showing low degree or lack of spongy changes. Spongy changes were observed in HCP-treated rats, but not in CPZ-treated rats. Immunohistochemistry showed that intense expression of CNPase was not induced following HCP or CPZ treatment. Our data reveal that expression intensity of CNPase may be dependent on the degree of HCP- and CPZ-induced damage of the myelin sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi KANNO
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Tetsuro KUROTAKI
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Naoaki YAMADA
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Yuki TOMONARI
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Junko SATO
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Minoru TSUCHITANI
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu KOBAYASHI
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Abe H, Saito F, Tanaka T, Mizukami S, Watanabe Y, Imatanaka N, Akahori Y, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Global gene expression profiles in brain regions reflecting abnormal neuronal and glial functions targeting myelin sheaths after 28-day exposure to cuprizone in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 310:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Ramu J, Konak T, Paule MG, Hanig JP, Liachenko S. Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging of the rat brain after hexachlorophene exposure. Neurotoxicology 2016; 56:225-232. [PMID: 27555423 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal MRI employing diffusion tensor imaging and T2 mapping approaches has been applied to investigate the mechanisms of white matter damage caused by acute hexachlorophene neurotoxicity in rats in vivo. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered hexachlorophene orally once a day for five consecutive days at a dose of 30mg/kg and were monitored in 7T MRI scanner at days 0 (baseline), 3, 6, 13, and 20 following the first hexachlorophene dose. Quantitative T2 maps as well as a number of diffusion tensor parameters (fractional anisotropy, radial and axial diffusivity, apparent diffusion coefficient, and trace) were calculated from corresponding MR images. T2, as well as all diffusion tensor derived parameters (except fractional anisotropy) showed significant changes during the course of neurotoxicity development. These changes peaked at 6days after the first dose of hexachlorophene (one day after the last dose) and recovered to practically baseline levels at the end of observation (20days from the first dose). While such changes in diffusivity and T2 relaxation clearly demonstrate myelin perturbations consistent with edema, the lack of changes of fractional anisotropy suggests that the structure of the myelin sheath was not disrupted significantly by hexachlorophene in this study. This is also confirmed by the rapid recovery of all observed MRI parameters after cessation of hexachlorophene exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaivijay Ramu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States.
| | - Tetyana Konak
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States.
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States.
| | - Joseph P Hanig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, MD, United States.
| | - Serguei Liachenko
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States.
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Abe H, Saito F, Tanaka T, Mizukami S, Hasegawa-Baba Y, Imatanaka N, Akahori Y, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Developmental cuprizone exposure impairs oligodendrocyte lineages differentially in cortical and white matter tissues and suppresses glutamatergic neurogenesis signals and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 290:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Pringproa K, Sathanawongs A, Khamphilai C, Sukkarinprom S, Oranratnachai A. Intravenous transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cells attenuates demyelination in an ICR outbred mouse model of demyelinating diseases. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1603-1609. [PMID: 27904491 PMCID: PMC5116839 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.193239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) of experimental mice using cuprizone is widely used as an animal model for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of demyelination. However, different mouse strains used result in different pathological outcomes. Moreover, because current medicinal treatments are not always effective in multiple sclerosis patients, so the study of exogenous cell transplantation in an animal model is of great importance. The aims of the present study were to establish an alternative ICR outbred mouse model for studying demyelination and to evaluate the effects of intravenous cell transplantation in the present developed mouse model. Two sets of experiments were conducted. Firstly, ICR outbred and BALB/c inbred mice were fed with 0.2% cuprizone for 6 consecutive weeks; then demyelinating scores determined by luxol fast blue stain or immunolabeling with CNPase were evaluated. Secondly, attenuation of demyelination in ICR mice by intravenous injection of mES cells was studied. Scores for demyelination in the brains of ICR mice receiving cell injection (mES cells-injected group) and vehicle (sham-inoculated group) were assessed and compared. The results showed that cuprizone significantly induced demyelination in the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum of both ICR and BALB/c mice. Additionally, intravenous transplantation of mES cells potentially attenuated demyelination in ICR mice compared with sham-inoculated groups. The present study is among the earliest reports to describe the cuprizone-induced demyelination in ICR outbred mice. Although it remains unclear whether mES cells or trophic effects from mES cells are the cause of enhanced remyelination, the results of the present study may shed some light on exogenous cell therapy in central nervous system demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Heath, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anucha Sathanawongs
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Heath, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chananthida Khamphilai
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Heath, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarocha Sukkarinprom
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Heath, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apichart Oranratnachai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Abe H, Tanaka T, Kimura M, Mizukami S, Saito F, Imatanaka N, Akahori Y, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Cuprizone decreases intermediate and late-stage progenitor cells in hippocampal neurogenesis of rats in a framework of 28-day oral dose toxicity study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 287:210-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Praet J, Guglielmetti C, Berneman Z, Van der Linden A, Ponsaerts P. Cellular and molecular neuropathology of the cuprizone mouse model: clinical relevance for multiple sclerosis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 47:485-505. [PMID: 25445182 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The cuprizone mouse model allows the investigation of the complex molecular mechanisms behind nonautoimmune-mediated demyelination and spontaneous remyelination. While it is generally accepted that oligodendrocytes are specifically vulnerable to cuprizone intoxication due to their high metabolic demands, a comprehensive overview of the etiology of cuprizone-induced pathology is still missing to date. In this review we extensively describe the physico-chemical mode of action of cuprizone and discuss the molecular and enzymatic mechanisms by which cuprizone induces metabolic stress, oligodendrocyte apoptosis, myelin degeneration and eventually axonal and neuronal pathology. In addition, we describe the dual effector function of the immune system which tightly controls demyelination by effective induction of oligodendrocyte apoptosis, but in contrast also paves the way for fast and efficient remyelination by the secretion of neurotrophic factors and the clearance of cellular and myelinic debris. Finally, we discuss the many clinical symptoms that can be observed following cuprizone treatment, and how these strengthened the cuprizone model as a useful tool to study human multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and epilepsy.
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10
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Abe H, Tanaka T, Kimura M, Mizukami S, Imatanaka N, Akahori Y, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Developmental exposure to cuprizone reduces intermediate-stage progenitor cells and cholinergic signals in the hippocampal neurogenesis in rat offspring. Toxicol Lett 2015; 234:180-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Padhi BK, Rosales M, Pelletier G. Perinatal methylmercury exposure perturbs the expression of Plp1 and Cnp splice variants in cerebellum of rat pups. Neurotoxicology 2015; 48:223-30. [PMID: 25936639 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposure to environmental chemicals can interfere with myelin formation in the developing brain, leading to neurological disorders. The Proteolipid Protein 1 (Plp1), Myelin Basic Protein (Mbp) and 2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'Phosphodiesterase (Cnp) genes expressed in oligodendrocytes and involved in myelination processes can be useful biomarkers of potential developmental neurotoxicity. In an earlier study, we concluded that the reduction in the expression levels of Mbp splice variants in juvenile rat cerebellum following perinatal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure were compatible with an overall reduction of mature oligodendrocytes population. This observation prompted us to analyze the expression of Plp1 and Cnp in developing rat cerebellum to further confirm and investigate the toxic effects of MeHg on vulnerable oligodendrocytes. Splice variants of Plp1 in human and of Cnp in mouse are curated in NCBI RefSeq database, but not for rat. Lack of annotation of splice variants can pose significant challenge for the reliable quantification of gene expression levels in toxicological studies. Therefore, we applied a "comparative sequence analysis" approach, relying on annotated splice variants in human/mouse and on evolutionary conservation of intron-exon structures, to identify additional splice variants of Plp1 and Cnp in rat. Then, we confirmed their identity by nucleotide sequencing and characterized their temporal expression patterns during brain development by RT-PCR. The measurement of total transcripts and individual splice variants of Plp1 and Cnp in the cerebellum of MeHg-exposed rat pups revealed a relatively similar level of reduction in their expression levels. This study further confirms that perinatal exposure to MeHg can impact oligodendrocytes in pups. Based on these observations, we conclude that monitoring the expression of these oligodendrocyte-enriched genes can be useful to identify toxic chemicals affecting myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaja K Padhi
- Hazard Identification Division, HECSB, Health Canada, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada.
| | - Marianela Rosales
- Hazard Identification Division, HECSB, Health Canada, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada
| | - Guillaume Pelletier
- Hazard Identification Division, HECSB, Health Canada, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0L2, Canada
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Zhao CF, Liu Y, Que HP, Yang SG, Liu T, Liu ZQ, Hui HD, Liu S. Rnh1 promotes differentiation and myelination via RhoA in oligodendrocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 353:381-9. [PMID: 23624614 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Increases in Rattus norvegicus ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1 (Rnh1) are observed in rat primary neuron injury and/or the regeneration process and in differentiated oligodendrocytes. However, the roles of Rnh1 in the central nervous system are still largely unexplored. RhoA is an important signaling protein that has been implicated in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. We demonstrate enhanced differentiation and myelination of oligodendrocytes mediated by Rnh1 in vitro. We further show that Rnh1 is expressed in oligodendrocyte precursors and oligodendrocytes. Importantly, Rnh1 strongly affects oligodendrocyte differentiation through RhoA-ROCK signaling. Moreover, changes in Rnh1 expression in oligodendrocytes regulates the expression and phosphorylation of Fyn, a regulator of RhoA activity. Finally, Rnh1 promotes myelination in vitro. These results show that Rnh1-mediated RhoA inactivation enhances the differentiation and myelination in oligodendrocytes. Overall, Rnh1 might contribute to oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination processes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, The Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
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