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Park S, Je H, Jang S, Choi BK, Lee E, Lee S, Choi J. Comparison of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles and perfluorobutane for performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the pancreas in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:538-545. [PMID: 34166085 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.7.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare qualitative features and quantitative parameters of 2 contrast agents (sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles [SHM; SonoVue] and perfluorobutane [PFB; Sonazoid]) for performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the pancreas in dogs. ANIMALS 8 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES In a crossover study design, CEUS of the pancreas was performed twice in each dog, once with SHM and once with PFB, in random order with at least 3 days between examinations. The recorded cine images were qualitatively assessed for homogeneity of pancreatic enhancement and conspicuity of the pancreatic signal relative to the background. For the quantitative assessment, circular regions of interest were placed over the pancreatic body, and a time-intensity curve was obtained. For each region of interest, CEUS parameters including peak intensity (PI), time to peak pancreatic enhancement, area under the curve (AUC), and wash-in rate were obtained. RESULTS The homogeneity of the pancreatic parenchyma was not significantly different between contrast agents. The signal conspicuity relative to background noise was significantly higher with PFB than with SHM. Mean values of PI, wash-in rate, and AUC were significantly higher with PFB than with SHM. Time to peak enhancement was not significantly different between contrast agents. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pancreatic CEUS with SHM and PFB produced similar homogeneity scores, but only PFB provided excellent signal conspicuity. Perfluorobutane produced higher values of PI, wash-in rate, and AUC. Findings indicated that PFB can provide homogeneous and strong enhancement of the pancreas during CEUS in healthy dogs and that pancreatic CEUS parameter values differ with the contrast agent used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjo Park
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Je
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolyn Jang
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kwon Choi
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Lee
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- From the College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Lin LS, Chung CS. Novel contrast agent Visphere ™ is feasible for contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:461-470. [PMID: 32441861 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography provides a more functional diagnostic image than conventional ultrasonography. This prospective exploratory study compared the novel contrast agent, Visphere™ , with commercial contrast agents in five healthy Beagle dogs. Visphere™ has the smallest diameter and highest concentration compared with Sonazoid® and SonoVue® . Each dog received an intravenous injection of Visphere™ , Sonazoid® , or SonoVue® . Images were recorded for 300, 600, and 60 s in the heart, liver, and left kidney, respectively. The mean pixel values of the regions of interest for each organ were expressed as time intensity curves (TIC). The agents all improved the visualization of left ventricular endocardial border delineation in the heart, and had similar TICs and clinical useful durations. In contrast, Visphere™ expressed the highest mean pixel value in the liver parenchyma at an early observation time and maintained the intensity until 600 s, like Sonazoid® . The renal evaluation results indicated there were no statistically significant differences in time-to-peak for the renal cortex or medulla among the agents. Compared with the other two agents, SonoVue® had the lowest peak enhancement for the renal cortex and medulla. No dogs had any adverse reactions during or after the study. All three agents provided adequate results for left ventricular endocardial border delineation, and Visphere™ may have the same potential as Sonazoid® to detect and characterize hepatic lesions. Visphere™ and Sonazoid® may offer better visualization quality to evaluate renal function. In conclusion, the novel contrast agent, Visphere™ , is comparable with commercial agents and could be applied in different major organs in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Shuan Lin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shu Chung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
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Yoshimura A, Ohmori T, Yamada S, Kawaguchi T, Kishimoto M, Iwanaga T, Miura N, Fukushima R. Comparison of pancreatic and renal blood flow in a canine tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy model. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:836-845. [PMID: 32336699 PMCID: PMC7324827 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreas is believed to be vulnerable to hypoperfusion. In dogs with acute pancreatitis, pancreatic ischemia due to heart failure can worsen the condition. However, changes in pancreatic blood flow associated with decreased cardiac function have not been previously studied in dogs. Therefore, we aimed to identify and compare changes in pancreatic versus renal blood flow as a result of cardiac dysfunction. Seven dogs were subjected to rapid ventricular pacing to create heart failure models. Noninvasive blood pressure measurement, ultrasonic cardiography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for pancreatic blood flow measurement, and para-aminohippuric acid clearance for renal blood flow measurement were performed before starting and at 2 and 4 weeks after starting the pacing. Left ventricular cardiac output and mean blood pressure decreased at 2 and 4 weeks after starting the pacing, and pancreatic blood flow decreased at 2 and 4 weeks after starting the pacing. However, renal blood flow did not change at 2 weeks but decreased 4 weeks after starting the pacing. Overall, this study demonstrated that reduced pancreatic blood flow due to cardiac dysfunction occurs, similar to renal blood flow. This suggests that decreased pancreatic blood flow is not unusual and may frequently occur in dogs with heart failure. The results of this study support the speculation that heart failure can exacerbate acute pancreatitis. Additionally, this study provides useful basic information for designing further studies to study this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritada Yoshimura
- Animal Medical Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ohmori
- Animal Medical Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shusaku Yamada
- Animal Medical Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takae Kawaguchi
- Animal Medical Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Miori Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Imaging, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iwanaga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Naoki Miura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukushima
- Animal Medical Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Tamura M, Nakamura K, Osuga T, Shimbo G, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Ohta H, Takiguchi M. Findings of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with Sonazoid for cholangiocellular adenoma in three dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1104-1108. [PMID: 31243194 PMCID: PMC6715911 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is useful to distinguish benign and malignant
focal liver lesions in dogs. Cholangiocellular adenoma is an extremely rare benign tumor
in dogs and has not been examined using CEUS with Sonazoid. The aim of this study was to
describe findings of CEUS with Sonazoid in three dogs with cholangiocellular adenoma. All
three dogs showed contrast defects in the Kupffer phase and these findings mimicked
malignant neoplasia during the Kupffer phase. Moreover, all dogs showed early washout and
hypoechoic lesions relative to the surrounding normal liver parenchyma in the portal
phase. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that CEUS findings of
cholangiocellular adenoma with Sonazoid mimicked malignancy in three dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Genya Shimbo
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Nisa K, Lim SY, Shinohara M, Osuga T, Yokoyama N, Tamura M, Nagata N, Sasaoka K, Dermlim A, Leela-Arporn R, Morita T, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Nakamura K, Ohta H, Takiguchi M. Evaluation of duodenal perfusion by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy and intestinal lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:559-568. [PMID: 30784123 PMCID: PMC6430930 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can be used to evaluate intestinal perfusion in healthy dogs. It is helpful for diagnosing and monitoring inflammatory bowel disease in humans and could be useful for dogs with chronic intestinal diseases. Objectives To examine duodenal perfusion in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) and intestinal lymphoma. Animals Client‐owned dogs with CIE (n = 26) or intestinal lymphoma (n = 7) and dogs with gastrointestinal signs but histopathologically normal duodenum (controls, n = 14). Methods In this cross‐sectional study, dogs with CIE were classified into remission (n = 16) and symptomatic (n = 10) groups based on clinical scores determined at the time of CEUS. The duodenum was scanned after IV injection of Sonazoid® (0.01 mL/kg). CEUS‐derived perfusion parameters, including time‐to‐peak, peak intensity (PI), area under the curve (AUC), and wash‐in and wash‐out rates were evaluated. Results The PI was significantly higher in the symptomatic CIE group (median (range); 105.4 (89.3‐128.8) MPV) than in the control group (89.9 (68.5‐112.2) MPV). The AUC was significantly higher in the symptomatic CIE group (4847.9 (3824.3‐8462.8) MPV.sec) than in the control (3448.9 (1559.5‐4736.9) MPV.sec) and remission CIE (3862.3 (2094.5‐6899.0) MPV.sec) groups. The PI and clinical score were positively correlated in the CIE group. No significant differences in perfusion parameters were detected between the lymphoma and CIE groups or the lymphoma and control groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The PI and AUC can detect duodenal inflammation and hence are potentially useful for excluding a diagnosis of CIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoirun Nisa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sue Yee Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Texas A&M University, Texas
| | - Masayoshi Shinohara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate school of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Sasaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Angkhana Dermlim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rommaneeya Leela-Arporn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate school of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate school of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Tamura M, Ohta H, Nisa K, Osuga T, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Takiguchi M. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography is a feasible technique for quantifying hepatic microvascular perfusion in dogs with extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 60:192-200. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido University Hokkaido Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido University Hokkaido Japan
| | - Khoirun Nisa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido University Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalGraduate school of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido University Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido University Hokkaido Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalGraduate school of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido University Sapporo, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido University Hokkaido Japan
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7
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Nisa K, Lim SY, Osuga T, Yokoyama N, Tamura M, Nagata N, Sasaoka K, Dermlim A, Leela-Arporn R, Morita T, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Nakamura K, Ohta H, Takiguchi M. The effect of sedation with a combination of butorphanol and midazolam on quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of duodenum in healthy dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:453-459. [PMID: 29398670 PMCID: PMC5880825 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) enables non-invasive and objective evaluation of intestinal perfusion by quantifying the intensity of enhancement on the intestine after microbubble contrast
administration. During CEUS scanning, sedation is sometimes necessary to maintain animal cooperation. Nevertheless, the effect of sedative administration on the canine intestinal CEUS is unknown. This study aimed to
investigate the effect of sedation with a combination of butorphanol and midazolam on the duodenal CEUS-derived perfusion parameters of healthy dogs. For this purpose, duodenum was imaged following contrast
administration (Sonazoid®, 0.01 ml/kg) in six healthy beagles before and after intravenous injection of a combination of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg). Furthermore,
hemodynamic parameters including blood pressure and heart rate were recorded during the procedure. Five CEUS derived perfusion parameters including time-to-peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI), area under the curve (AUC),
wash-in and wash-out rates (WiR and WoR, respectively) before and after sedation were statistically compared. The result showed that no significant change was detected in any of perfusion parameters. Systolic and mean
arterial pressures significantly reduced after sedative administration, but diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate did not significantly change. Moreover, no significant partial correlation was observed between
perfusion parameters and hemodynamic parameters. Thus, we concluded that the combination did not cause significant influence in duodenal CEUS perfusion parameters and could be a good option for sedation prior to duodenal
CEUS in debilitated dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoirun Nisa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Sue Yee Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Sasaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Angkhana Dermlim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Rommaneeya Leela-Arporn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tomoya Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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Nisa K, Lim SY, Shinohara M, Nagata N, Sasaoka K, Dermlim A, Leela-Arporn R, Morita T, Yokoyama N, Osuga T, Sasaki N, Morishita K, Nakamura K, Ohta H, Takiguchi M. Repeatability and reproducibility of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for assessing duodenal perfusion in healthy dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1585-1590. [PMID: 28781327 PMCID: PMC5627333 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with microbubbles as a contrast agent allows the visualization and quantification of tissue perfusion. The assessment of canine intestinal perfusion by quantitative CEUS may provide
valuable information for diagnosing and monitoring chronic intestinal disorders. This study aimed to assess the repeatability (intraday variability) and reproducibility (interday variability) of quantitative duodenal CEUS in
healthy dogs. Six healthy beagles underwent CEUS three times within one day (4-hr intervals) and on two different days (1-week interval). All dogs were sedated with a combination of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.1
mg/kg) prior to CEUS. The contrast agent (Sonazoid®) was administered using the intravenous bolus method (0.01 ml/kg) for imaging of the duodenum. Time-intensity curves (TIC) were created by drawing
multiple regions of interest (ROIs) in the duodenal mucosa, and perfusion parameters, including the time-to-peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI), area under the curve (AUC), and wash-in and wash-out rates (WiR and WoR, respectively),
were generated. Intraday and interday coefficients of variation (CVs) for TTP, PI, AUC, WiR and WoR were <25% (range, 2.27–23.41%), which indicated that CEUS was feasible for assessing duodenal perfusion in healthy sedated
dogs. A further study of CEUS in dogs with chronic intestinal disorders is necessary to evaluate its clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoirun Nisa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Sue Yee Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Shinohara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Sasaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Angkhana Dermlim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Rommaneeya Leela-Arporn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tomoya Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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9
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Morishita K, Hiramoto A, Osuga T, Lim SY, Khoirun N, Sasaki N, Nakamura K, Ohta H, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the hepatic vein in normal dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1753-1758. [PMID: 27534912 PMCID: PMC5240750 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the hepatic vein can assess intrahepatic
hemodynamic changes and has been studied as a noninvasive method to assess the severity of
portal hypertension and hepatic fibrosis in humans. However, few reports have described
its usefulness in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to characterize CEUS
findings of the hepatic vein in normal dogs and assess the repeatability of this method
both in a conscious group (n=6) and a sedated group (n=6). Sonazoid® (0.01
ml/kg) was used as a contrast agent, and scanning of the hepatic vein
was performed for 2 min. Time-intensity curves were generated from regions of interest in
the hepatic vein. Four perfusion parameters were measured for quantitative analysis:
hepatic vein arrival time (HVAT), time to peak (TTP), time to peak phase (TTPP) and
wash-out ratio (WR). CEUS examinations were performed three times in each dog. The median
(range) values of HVAT, TTP, TTPP and WR in the conscious group were 13.5 sec (9–22 sec),
12.5 sec (6–24 sec), 8 sec (6–13 sec) and 78.0% (60.7–91.7%), respectively. Median (range)
values of HVAT, TTP, TTPP and WR in the sedated group were 12 sec (8–17 sec), 12.5 sec
(9–17 sec), 9 sec (7–13 sec) and 84.1% (63.0–94.4%), respectively. The coefficients of
variation of these parameters in the conscious and sedated groups were 7.6–29.7% and
11.8–14.8%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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10
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Rademacher N, Schur D, Gaschen F, Kearney M, Gaschen L. CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE PANCREAS IN HEALTHY DOGS AND IN DOGS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 57:58-64. [PMID: 26332486 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is the most frequent disease affecting the exocrine pancreas in dogs and reliable diagnostic techniques for predicting fatal complications are lacking. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) improves detection of tissue perfusion as well as organ lesion vascular pattern. Objectives of this prospective case control study were to compare perfusion characteristics and enhancement patterns of the pancreas in healthy dogs and dogs with pancreatitis using CEUS. Ten healthy dogs and eight dogs with pancreatitis were selected based on physical examination, abdominal ultrasound, and blood analysis findings. A CEUS study of the pancreas was performed for each dog and two observers who were aware of clinical status used advanced ultrasound quantification software to analyze time-intensity curves. Perfusion patterns were compared between healthy and affected dogs. In dogs with acute pancreatitis, mean pixel and peak intensity of the pancreatic parenchyma was significantly higher than that of normal dogs (P = 0.05) in between 6 and 60 s (P = <0.0001-0.046). This corresponds to a 311% increase in mean pixel intensity in dogs with acute pancreatitis compared to healthy dogs. Wash-in rates were greater and had a consistently steeper slope to peak in dogs with pancreatitis as opposed to healthy dogs. All dogs with pancreatitis showed a decrease in pixel intensity 10-15 days after the initial examination (P = 0.011) and their times to peak values were prolonged compared to the initial exam. Findings from the current study supported the use of CEUS for diagnosing pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis, and disease monitoring following therapy in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Rademacher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - David Schur
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Frédéric Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Michael Kearney
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803
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11
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Wickramasekara Rajapakshage BK, Ellearaewe Garuhamilage JPK, De Silva DDN, Dangolla A. Dimensional ultrasonographic relationship of the right lobe of pancreas with associated anatomic landmarks in clinically normal dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:1-5. [PMID: 26234888 PMCID: PMC4751109 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this prospective study was to establish the ultrasonographic
characteristics of the dimension of the right pancreatic lobe with that of the associated
anatomic landmarks in healthy dogs. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 25
dogs. The thickness of the right pancreatic lobe was compared with that of mural thickness
of duodenum, diameter of duodenum, pancreatic duct, abdominal aorta, portal vein, caudal
vena cava, and length and width of the right kidney and right adrenal gland. The
correlation between each pancreatic parameter and the dimensions of the anatomical
landmarks were assessed using linear regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation
coefficient (r) test. Significant, but weak linear correlations were observed between
thickness of right pancreatic lobe with that of duodenum mural thickness (r=0.605,
R2=0.339, P=0.001); duodenum diameter (r=0.573,
R2=0.299, P=0.003); and right adrenal gland length (r=0.508,
R2=0.052, P=0.01). There was no significant dimensional
relationship with other selected anatomic landmarks. The ratio between the thickness of
right pancreatic lobe and the mural thickness of duodenum, diameter of duodenum and length
of right adrenal gland were 2.88 ± 0.53, 1.27 ± 0.27 and 0.81 ± 0.15, respectively.
Calculating the ratio of thickness of the right pancreatic lobe with the dimension of
significantly correlated anatomic landmarks is a useful and simple method for evaluating
the size of the right pancreatic lobe in dogs in clinical practice.
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12
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Diana A, Linta N, Cipone M, Fedone V, Steiner JM, Fracassi F, Grandis A, Baron Toaldo M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the pancreas in healthy cats. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:64. [PMID: 25879918 PMCID: PMC4367928 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes the pattern of ultrasonographic contrast enhancement of the pancreatic body and left lobe using a second-generation commercial contrast medium (Sonovue) in 10 clinically healthy cats. RESULTS Following contrast medium administration, microbubbles were observed within the splenic artery. This was followed by an inflow of contrast medium into the pancreatic capillary beds, providing a uniformly contrast-enhanced pancreas at peak intensity (PI). At the time of PI, a replenishment of the splenic and portal veins started and increased progressively during the wash-out phase. During the wash-out phase, the echogenicity of the pancreatic parenchyma decreased progressively. Perfusion parameters included arrival time (4.69 ± 1.26 s), time to peak from injection (7.52 ± 1.88 s), time to peak from initial rise (2.84 ± 0.88 s), peak intensity (6.58 ± 2.66 a.u.), and wash-in rate (2.11 ± 1.79 a.u./s). CONCLUSIONS This perfusion pattern of normal pancreatic parenchyma may be useful for characterising cats with exocrine pancreatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Diana
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, I-40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nikolina Linta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, I-40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mario Cipone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, I-40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Joerg M Steiner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Federico Fracassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, I-40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Grandis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, I-40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Baron Toaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, I-40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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13
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Lim S, Nakamura K, Morishita K, Sasaki N, Murakami M, Osuga T, Yokoyama N, Ohta H, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi M. Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic assessment of naturally occurring pancreatitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:71-8. [PMID: 25270302 PMCID: PMC4858112 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can detect pancreatic perfusion changes in experimentally induced canine pancreatitis. However, its usefulness in detecting perfusion changes in naturally occurring pancreatitis is unclear. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of using CEUS to detect pancreatic and duodenal perfusion changes in naturally occurring canine pancreatitis. ANIMALS Twenty-three client-owned dogs with pancreatitis, 12 healthy control dogs. METHODS Dogs diagnosed with pancreatitis were prospectively included. CEUS of the pancreas and duodenum were performed. Time-intensity curves were created from regions of interest in the pancreas and duodenum. Five perfusion parameters were obtained for statistical analyses: time to initial up-slope, peak time (Tp), time to wash-out (TTW), peak intensity (PI), and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS For the pancreas, Tp of the pancreatitis group was prolonged when compared to controls (62 ± 11 seconds versus 39 ± 13 seconds; P < .001). TTW also was prolonged but not significantly (268 ± 69 seconds versus 228 ± 47 seconds; P = .47). PI and AUC were increased when compared to controls (95 ± 15 versus 78 ± 13 MPV; P = .009 and 14,900 ± 3,400 versus 11,000 ± 2,800 MPV*s; P = .013, respectively). For the duodenum, PI and AUC were significantly increased in the pancreatitis group when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can detect pancreatic perfusion changes in naturally occurring canine pancreatitis characterized by delayed peak with prolonged hyperechoic enhancement of the pancreas on CEUS. Additionally, duodenal perfusion changes secondary to pancreatitis were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.Y. Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - K. Nakamura
- Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching HospitalGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - K. Morishita
- Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching HospitalGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - N. Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - T. Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - N. Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - H. Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
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14
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Nakamura K, Lim SY, Ochiai K, Yamasaki M, Ohta H, Morishita K, Takagi S, Takiguchi M. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings in three dogs with pancreatic insulinoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 56:55-62. [PMID: 24846763 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal ultrasonography is one of the most common diagnostic imaging modalities used for dogs with suspected insulinoma; however, pancreatic masses are clearly identified in fewer than half of affected dogs and benign pancreatic nodules can be difficult to differentiate from malignant ones. The purpose of this prospective study was to describe contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) characteristics of confirmed pancreatic insulinoma in a group of dogs. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) repeated hypoglycemia (blood glucose levels <60 mg/dl, twice or more); (2) elevated blood insulin levels with hypoglycemia; (3) pancreatic nodules detected with conventional ultrasonography; and (4) histological confirmation of pancreatic islet cell carcinoma. Immediately following conventional ultrasonography of the entire abdomen, CEUS of the pancreatic nodule and adjacent parenchyma was performed using contrast-specific technology pulse inversion imaging and perflubutane microbubble contrast agent. Three dogs met inclusion criteria. Pancreatic nodules in all the three dogs became more clearly demarcated after injection of the contrast agent. Each nodule showed different enhancement patterns: markedly hyperechoic for 5 s, slightly hyperechoic for 1 s, and clearly hypoechoic for over 30 s. These results were not in complete agreement with previously reported CEUS findings in human patients with insulinoma. All nodules were surgically resected and histopathologically confirmed as malignant insulinomas. Findings from the current study indicated that contrast-enhanced ultrasound may help to increase conspicuity of pancreatic insulinomas in dogs and that enhancement characteristics may be more variable in dogs than in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Lim S, Nakamura K, Morishita K, Sasaki N, Murakami M, Osuga T, Ohta H, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi M. Qualitative and quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic assessment of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:496-503. [PMID: 24612403 PMCID: PMC4858020 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most common disease of the canine exocrine pancreas, and accurate noninvasive diagnosis is challenging. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine the feasibility of using quantitative contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to detect pancreatic perfusional changes in cerulein‐induced AP in dogs. Animals Six adult female Beagles. Methods Each dog received 2 hours of IV infusion with 7.5 μg/kg/h of cerulein diluted in saline. As control, all dogs received 2 hours of IV infusion of saline 2 weeks before cerulein infusion. CEUS of the pancreas and duodenum were performed before (0 hour), and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours after saline and cerulein infusion. Time‐intensity curves were created from regions of interest in the pancreas and duodenum. Five perfusional parameters were measured for statistical analysis: time to initial up‐slope, peak time, time to wash‐out, peak intensity (PI), and area under the curve (AUC). Results In cerulein‐induced AP, pancreatic PI increased at 2 and 4 hours when compared to 0 hour, and at 2, 4, and 6 hours when compared to control. AUC increased at 4 hours when compared to 0 hour, and at 2 and 4 hours when compared to control. Time to wash‐out was prolonged at 4 hours when compared to control. For saline control, peak time was faster at 2 hours when compared to 0 hour. Conclusions and Clinical Importance CEUS parameters PI and AUC can provide useful information in differentiating acute pancreatitis from normal pancreas. Cerulein‐induced AP was characterized by prolonged hyperechoic enhancement on CEUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.Y. Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - K. Nakamura
- Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching HospitalGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - K. Morishita
- Hokkaido University Veterinary Teaching HospitalGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - N. Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - T. Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - H. Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
| | - M. Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal MedicineGraduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversityHokkaidoJapan
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