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Hiyoshi T, Nishime C, Nishinaka E, Seki F, Kawai K, Mochizuki M, Urano K, Imai T, Yamamoto T, Suzuki M. Induction of lung lesions by bronchial administration using bronchoscope technique in mice. J Toxicol Pathol 2024; 37:93-97. [PMID: 38584970 PMCID: PMC10995434 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2023-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish an exposure method that can induce homogeneous lesions with minimal inter-individual variability. The distribution of lesions induced by bleomycin (BLM) administration was also analyzed. C57BL mice were intrabronchially administered 20 µL of BLM (3 mg/mL) using a bronchoscope in the left or right bronchus. The mice were sacrificed 14 days after administration, and their lungs were evaluated histopathologically. BLM-induced inflammatory lesions were widely observed in the lungs. In the left bronchus-treated group, lesions were uniformly observed throughout the lobe, and no individual differences were noted. Meanwhile, in the right bronchus-treated group, individual differences in the distribution of the pulmonary lesions were observed. The distribution of lesions differed among the four lobes of the right lung owing to their anatomical features. Administration into the left bronchus is recommended for highly homogeneous lung exposure and for establishing models that contribute to highly accurate toxicity and efficacy evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Hiyoshi
- Translational Research Division, Central Institute for
Experimental Medical and Life Science, 25-12-3 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
210-0821, Japan
- CLEA Japan Inc., 4839-23 Kitayama, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka
418-0112, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Nishime
- Translational Research Division, Central Institute for
Experimental Medical and Life Science, 25-12-3 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
210-0821, Japan
| | - Eiko Nishinaka
- Translational Research Division, Central Institute for
Experimental Medical and Life Science, 25-12-3 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
210-0821, Japan
| | - Fumiko Seki
- Bioimaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental
Medical and Life Science, 25-12-3 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821,
Japan
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Translational Research Division, Central Institute for
Experimental Medical and Life Science, 25-12-3 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
210-0821, Japan
| | - Misa Mochizuki
- Translational Research Division, Central Institute for
Experimental Medical and Life Science, 25-12-3 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
210-0821, Japan
| | - Koji Urano
- Translational Research Division, Central Institute for
Experimental Medical and Life Science, 25-12-3 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
210-0821, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Translational Research Division, Central Institute for
Experimental Medical and Life Science, 25-12-3 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
210-0821, Japan
| | - Taichi Yamamoto
- Translational Research Division, Central Institute for
Experimental Medical and Life Science, 25-12-3 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
210-0821, Japan
| | - Masami Suzuki
- Translational Research Division, Central Institute for
Experimental Medical and Life Science, 25-12-3 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
210-0821, Japan
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2
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Bennett K, Lewis K. Sedation and Anesthesia in Rodents. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2021; 25:211-255. [PMID: 34823692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sedation and anesthesia in rodent species are complex due to their wide species variation, small size, and metabolism. This review article covers recent advances in sedation and anesthesia as well as an updated drug formulary for sedation protocols. Setup, equipment, monitoring, maintenance, and recovery are reviewed as well as species-specific anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Bennett
- Avian & Exotics Service, Bluepearl Emergency and Specialty Hospital, 7414 S Tamiami Trl. Sarasota, FL 34231, USA.
| | - Kerrie Lewis
- Pebble Creek Animal Hospital, 19440 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33647, USA
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3
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Jin H, Nishino T, Aoe T, Isono S. A simple and safe method for tracheal intubation using a supraglottic intubation-aid device in mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 263:9-13. [PMID: 30790746 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although mice are a commonly used animal species in experimental medicine, airway management of this species is not easy due to their small size. In order to develop a new method of tracheal intubation in mice, we produced a supraglottic intubation-aid conduit (SIAC) for mice, and tested the efficacy of this device in spontaneously breathing mice anesthetized with sevoflurane inhalation. The success rate of tracheal intubation with the crude prototype of the SIAC was 50% and adverse effects on respiration and some trauma in the upper airway were occasionally observed. After refining the size and shape of the SIAC, the success rate of tracheal intubation with the refined prototype of the SIAC was 100% without any serious adverse effects. This study showed that it is possible to produce a supraglottic airway device to aid tracheal intubation in mice and that the shape and size of the SIAC play a crucial role in successful tracheal intubation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayo Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Aoe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain research, Teikyo Medical Center, Teikyo University, Japan
| | - Shiroh Isono
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Nosaka N, Crother TR, Chen S, Arditi M, Shimada K. Optimal tube length of orotracheal intubation for mice. Lab Anim 2018; 53:79-83. [PMID: 29649932 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218765032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endotracheal tube (ETT) management is an essential technique in handling mice with mechanical ventilators. Malposition into bronchi causes not only lethal complications for them but also less efficient mechanical ventilation. However, in general, it is difficult to know whether the ETT is placed with appropriate depth into the trachea of mice. We measured the distance from incisors to the bifurcation of trachea of multiple mice, and created a new estimation formula to obtain the suitable ETT length for mice with a body weight range from 17 g to 25 g: length (mm) = 0.5 × bodyweight (g) + 7. However, millimeter step adjustments are impracticable. Thus, slightly shorter than 2 cm (18-20 mm) may be the universal ETT length for mice with bodyweight > 17 g. Furthermore, their foot size may be a good alternative to predict the individual optimal ETT length for mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Nosaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy R Crother
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Miranda A, Pêgo JM, Correia-Pinto J. Animal facility videoendoscopic intubation station: tips and tricks from mice to rabbits. Lab Anim 2016; 51:204-207. [PMID: 27230409 DOI: 10.1177/0023677216652342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endotracheal intubation of laboratory animals is a common procedure shared by several research fields for different purposes, such as mechanical ventilation of anaesthetized animals, instillation of cytotoxic nanoparticles, infectious agents or tumour cells for induction of disease models, and even for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. These different research purposes, achieved in different animal models, require technical expertise and equipment that suits every research need from animal facilities. In this short report we propose a videoendoscopic intubation station that could be shared among the most common laboratory animals, namely the mouse, rat, guinea pig and rabbit, from neonates to adult animals. This report aims to contribute to the reduction of animals excluded from experiments due to false paths during direct and blind intubations and to the refinement of procedures by replacing surgical approaches such as tracheotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Miranda
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José M Pêgo
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- 1 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,2 ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,3 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
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Su CS, Lai HC, Wang CY, Lee WL, Wang KY, Yang YL, Wang LC, Liu CN, Liu TJ. Efficacious and safe orotracheal intubation for laboratory mice using slim torqueable guidewire-based technique: comparisons between a modified and a conventional method. BMC Anesthesiol 2016; 16:5. [PMID: 26776367 PMCID: PMC4716634 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-016-0173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracheal intubation of laboratory mice remains essential yet challenging for most researchers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this procedure can be more efficiently and safely accomplished by a novel method using slim and torqueable guidewires to guide access to the trachea. METHODS This study was carried out in an animal laboratory affiliated to a tertiary medical center. Mice weighing 22 to 28 g were subjected to various open-chest experiments after being anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine (100 mg/kg) and lidocaine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg). The oropharyngeal cavity was opened with angled tissue forceps, and the trachea was transilluminated using an external light. The vocal cords were then crossed using either the Conventional method with a 38-mm-long, end-blunted stiff needle as a guide for insertion of a 22-gauge, 25-mm-long intravenous catheter into the trachea, or the Modified method utilizing using a 0.014-inch-thin torqueable wire as the guide to introduce an identical tube over it into the trachea. The epithelial integrity of the trachea was later examined histologically when the animals were sacrificed either immediately after the surgery or at 28 days post-surgery, depending on the corresponding research protocols. RESULTS Orotracheal intubation was successfully completed in all mice using either the Conventional (N = 42) or the Modified method (N = 50). With the Modified method, intubation took less time (1.73 vs. 2.17 min, Modified vs. Conventional, p < 0.001) and fewer attempts (1.0 vs. 1.33, p < 0.001), and there were fewer procedural difficulties (0% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.009) and complications (0% vs. 11.9%, p = 0.041) compared with the Conventional method. Histological analysis revealed a significantly lower incidence of immediate (0% vs. 39%, p < 0.001) and late (0% vs. 58%, p < 0.001) injuries to the tracheal epithelial lining with the Modified method compared to the Conventional method. CONCLUSIONS Tracheal intubation for laboratory mice can be completed efficiently, safely and atraumatically using the proposed Modified method employing readily available inexpensive instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Shou Su
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chin Lai
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Departments of Medicine and Surgery, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Wang
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lieng Lee
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Departments of Medicine and Surgery, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yang Wang
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University School of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Yang
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Wang
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Liu
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Jui Liu
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Departments of Medicine and Surgery, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University School of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, China Medical University School of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Konno K, Shiotani Y, Itano N, Ogawa T, Hatakeyama M, Shioya K, Kasai N. Visible, safe and certain endotracheal intubation using endoscope system and inhalation anesthesia for rats. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1375-81. [PMID: 25030602 PMCID: PMC4221171 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia strongly influences
laboratory animals, and it can also greatly affect the experimental data. Rats rank only
second to mice in the number used in research fields, such as organ transplantation,
regenerative medicine and imaging. Therefore, appropriate and effective anesthesia,
including the protocol of the endotracheal intubation and inhalation anesthesia, is
crucial. Hence, we evaluated these methods in this study. Twelve Wistar rats were
intraperitoneally injected with M/M/B: 0.3/4/5, comprising of medetomidine, midazolam and
butorphanol at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg + 4.0 mg/kg + 5.0 mg/kg body weight/rat, respectively.
An endotracheal tube was then intubated into the trachea. After intubation, the rats were
connected to the inhalation anesthesia circuit using isoflurane, and vital signs were
measured until 30 min after connection. All intubations were successfully finished within
1 min, and the values of the vital signs were normal and stable. In addition,
histopathological observation of the trachea and lungs showed no trauma. These results
suggest that this visible endotracheal intubation method is simple, reliable, safe and
favorable with regard to the rats’ welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Konno
- Department of Animal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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