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Zhang Z, Wang H, Xie X, Chen R, Li J, Ni B, Yu P, Liu Z, Shao G, Xiong Q, Wei Y, Liu B, Feng Z, Zhou X, Zhang C. Long-Residence Pneumonia Vaccine Developed Using PEG-Grafted Hybrid Nanovesicles from Cell Membrane Fusion of Mycoplasma and IFN-γ-Primed Macrophages. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101183. [PMID: 34270853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cell responses play a critical regulatory role in protection against mycoplasma infection-related respiratory diseases. Nanovesicles derived from cell membranes have been shown to induce CD8+ T cell responses. Moreover, the short residence time of mycoplasma membrane-related vaccines in local lymph nodes limits the efficacy of current mycoplasma vaccines. Here, a long-residence pneumonia vaccine is developed using nanovesicles prepared by cell membrane fusion of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and interferon-γ (IFN-γ )-primed macrophages, which are grafted with polyethylene glycol to increase residence time in the lymph nodes. Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the membrane of IFN-γ-primed macrophages increases the targeting of the hybrid nanovesicle vaccine to the local lymph nodes, with increased CD8+ T cell activation. A mechanistic study reveals that CD8+ T cell activation is achieved via a pathway involving upregulation of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/3 expression by E26 transformation-specific sequences, followed by increased immune-stimulatory activity of dendritic cells. In vivo, prophylactic testing reveals that the hybrid nanovesicle vaccine triggers a long-term immune response, as evidenced by a memory CD8+ T cell response against mycoplasma infection. The current study provides a new design strategy for mycoplasma vaccines that involves a hybrid method using biological sources and artificial modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Bo Ni
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Pei Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yanna Wei
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Ding H, Zhou Y, Wang H. Development of an indirect ELISA for detecting humoral immunodominant proteins of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae which can discriminate between inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:327. [PMID: 31511007 PMCID: PMC6739915 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary pathogen of porcine enzootic pneumonia, which has been associated with economic losses due to reduced daily weight gain and feed efficiency. Although it has a small genome and no more than 1000 genes, M. hyopneumoniae can be cultured in cell free media. However, some proteins were not expressed or were only expressed in negligible amounts under culture conditions. Nevertheless, some of these proteins can be expressed at a high level and induce a strong and rapid immune response after M. hyopneumoniae infection. The unexpressed or less expressed proteins may play critical roles in pathogenesis and/or immune response. In order to find the differentially expressed proteins of M. hyopneumoniae between culture condition and infected animals, we established an indirect ELISA for the detection of humoral immunodominant proteins which can discriminate between inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera by using Mhp366 protein which did not react with sera from bacterin-immunized pigs, but revealed a strong immunoreaction with porcine convalescent sera. Results The checkerboard titration method was done by using porcine convalescent sera as positive sera and inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera as negative sera. The bacterial lysates of fusion proteins and free GST protein without dilution were the optimal coating antigens. The optimal blocking buffer was PBS with 10% FBS and 2.5% skimmed milk. In the checkboard ELISAs, when the sera were diluted at 1:500 and the HRP-labeled rabbit anti-pig IgG were diluted at 1:20000, most positive result was obtained for the assay. Conclusions This established indirect ELISA can be used as a tool for the detection of humoral immunodominant proteins of M. hyopneumoniae which can discriminate between inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Lemology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing Municipality, 400715, China.
| | - Yaoqin Zhou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Lemology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing Municipality, 400715, China
| | - Haoju Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Lemology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing Municipality, 400715, China
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Casadei E, Salinas I. Comparative models for human nasal infections and immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:212-222. [PMID: 30513304 PMCID: PMC7102639 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The human olfactory system is a mucosal surface and a major portal of entry for respiratory and neurotropic pathogens into the body. Understanding how the human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) halts the progression of pathogens into the lower respiratory tract or the central nervous system is key for developing effective cures. Although traditionally mice have been used as the gold-standard model for the study of human nasal diseases, mouse models present important caveats due to major anatomical and functional differences of the human and murine olfactory system and NALT. We summarize the NALT anatomy of different animal groups that have thus far been used to study host-pathogen interactions at the olfactory mucosa and to test nasal vaccines. The goal of this review is to highlight the strengths and limitations of each animal model of nasal immunity and to identify the areas of research that require further investigation to advance human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Casadei
- University of New Mexico, Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Irene Salinas
- University of New Mexico, Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Albuquerque, NM, USA
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