Canine IgA nephropathy: a case report

Chromosomal segments may explain the antibody response cooperation for canine leishmaniasis pathogenesis

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is marked by hyperactivation of a humoral response secreting high quantity of immunoglobulins (Igs) that are inaccessible to intracellular parasites. Here we investigated the contributions of the antibody response to the canine leishmaniasis pathogenesis. Using correlation and genome-wide association analysis, we investigated the relationship of anti-Leishmania infantum immunoglobulin classes levels with parasite burden, clinical response, renal/hepatic biochemical, and oxidative stress markers in dogs from endemic areas of VL. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA were positively correlated with parasite burden on lymph node and blood. Increased IgG, IgA and IgE levels were associated with severe canine leishmaniasis (CanL) whereas IgM was elevated in uninfected exposed dogs. Correlations of IgM, IgG and IgA with creatinine, urea, AST and ALT levels in the serum were suggested an involvement of those Igs with renal and hepatic changes. The correlogram of oxidative radicals and antioxidants revealed a likely relationship of IgM, IgG and IgA with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the blood, suggested as mechanisms mediating tissue damage and CanL worsening. The gene mapping on chromosomal segments associated with the quantitative variation of immunoglobulin classes identified genetic signatures involved with reactive oxygen species generation, phagolysosome maturation and rupture, free iron availability, Th1/Th2 differenciation and, immunoglobulin clearance. The findings demonstrated the roles of the antibody response as resistance or susceptibility markers and mediators of CanL pathogenesis. In addition we pinpointed candidate genes as potential targets for the therapy against the damage caused by exacerbated antibody response and parasitism in VL.

Analysis of the relationship between Oxford classification, IgM deposition and multiple indexes and the adverse prognosis of patients with primary IgA nephropathy and related risk factors

The risk and influencing factors of prognosis in patients with primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) were explored. One hundred and twenty-four patients who were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were selected as the study subjects. The baseline data were recorded. All patients were followed up for 3 years. Patients with poor prognosis were defined as poor prognosis group, and the patient with no adverse prognosis was defined as a good prognosis group during the follow-up period. The risk factors that may affect the prognosis of patients with IgAN were analyzed by single factor analysis. The influence of all factors that were statistically significant on the prognosis of the patients was further evaluated by multifactor Cox regression. The single factor analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that patients with 24 h urinary protein, pathological type, Oxford classification (T1+T2), Lee (grade IV) and mesangial IgM deposition were independent factors of patients, and the difference was statistically significant, their P-values were 0.041, 0.046, 0.037, 0.043, and 0.028, respectively. Patients with 24 h urinary protein, pathological type, Oxford classification (T1+T2), Lee (grade IV) and mesangial IgM deposition can be used as independent factors affecting poor prognosis in primary IgAN patients. It provides evidence for early detection of high-risk IgA nephropathy.