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Huong NT, Hieu DV, Bich NT, Khanh TV, Ba NT, Xuan CTN, Hien QTM, Thai TH, Huong CTT. Isolation and genetic characterization of waterfowl parvovirus in ducks in Northern Vietnam. Vet World 2024; 17:981-987. [PMID: 38911086 PMCID: PMC11188894 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.981-987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS), a highly contagious disease, has been reported in duck farms in Vietnam since 2019. In this study, we evaluated the virulence and characterized the virus obtained from SBDS cases in North Vietnam. Materials and Methods Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect waterfowl parvovirus in ducks, and the virus from positive samples was inoculated into 10-day-old duck-embryonated eggs to reproduce the disease in young ducklings to determine the virulence and subjected to phylogenetic analysis of non-structural (NS) and VP1 gene sequences. Results and Discussion Goose parvovirus (GPV) was isolated from ducks associated with SDBS in Vietnam. The virus Han-GPV2001 is highly virulent when inoculated into 10-day-old duck embryos and 3-day-old ducklings. The mortality rate of duck embryos was 94.35% within 6 days of virus inoculation. Inoculating 3-day-old ducks with the virus stock with 104.03 EID50 through intramuscular and neck intravenous administration resulted in 80% and 66.67% of clinical signs of SDBS, respectively, were shown. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial NS and VP1 gene sequences revealed that the viral isolate obtained in this study belonged to novel GPV (NGPV) and was closely related to previous Vietnamese and Chinese strains. Conclusion A GPV strain, Han-GPV2001, has been successfully isolated and has virulence in duck-embryonated eggs as well as caused clinical signs of SBDS in ducks. Phylogenetic analyses of partial genes encoding NS and capsid proteins indicated that the obtained GPV isolate belongs to the NGPV group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Van Hieu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 12400, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Truong Ha Thai
- Department of Microbiolgy – Infectious disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 12400, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chu Thi Thanh Huong
- Department of Microbiolgy – Infectious disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 12400, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Wan C, Chen C, Cheng L, Liu R, Shi S, Fu G, Chen H, Fu Q, Huang Y. Specific detection and differentiation of classic goose parvovirus and novel goose parvovirus by TaqMan real-time PCR assay, coupled with host specificity. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:389. [PMID: 31676004 PMCID: PMC6823957 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Classic goose parvovirus (cGPV) causes high mortality and morbidity in goslings and Muscovy ducklings. Novel GPV (N-GPV) causes short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) in Cherry Valley ducks, Pekin ducks and Mule ducks. Both cGPV and N-GPV have relatively strict host specificity, with obvious differences in pathogenicity. Specific detection of cGPV and N-GPV may result in false positives due to high nucleotide similarity with Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV). The aim of this study was to develop a highly specific, sensitive, and reliable TaqMan real-time PCR (TaqMan qPCR) assay for facilitating the molecular detection of cGPV and N-GPV. Results After genetic comparison, the specific conserved region (located on the NS gene) of cGPV and N-GPV was selected for primer and probe design. The selected regions were significantly different from MDPV. Through a series of optimization experiments, the limit of detection was 50.2 copies/μl. The assay was highly specific for the detection of cGPV and N-GPV and no cross-reactivity was observed with E. coli., P.M., R.A., S.S., MDPV, N-MDPV, DAdV-A, DEV, GHPV, DHAV-1, DHAV-3, ATmV, AIV, MDRV and N-DRV. The assay was reproducible with an intra-assay and inter-assay variability of less than 2.37%. Combined with host specificity, the developed TaqMan qPCR can be used for cGPV and N-GPV in differential diagnoses. The frequency of cGPV in Muscovy duckling and goslings was determined to be 12 to 44%, while N-GPV frequency in Mule ducks and Cherry Valley ducks was 36 to 56%. Additionally, fluorescence-positive signals can be found in Mule duck embryos and newly hatched Mule ducklings. These findings provide evidence of possible vertical transmission of N-GPV from breeding Mule ducks to ducklings. Conclusions We established a quantitative platform for epidemiological investigations and pathogenesis studies of cGPV and N-GPV DNA that was highly sensitive, specific, and reproducible. N-GPV and cGPV infections can be distinguished based on host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention & Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Cuiteng Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention & Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Longfei Cheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention & Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention & Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention & Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention & Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention & Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention & Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention & Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Fuzhou, 350013, China.
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Wan C, Cheng L, Chen C, Liu R, Shi S, Fu G, Chen H, Fu Q, Huang Y. A duplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of Muscovy duck parvovirus and goose parvovirus. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 47:101439. [PMID: 31445110 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Both Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) and goose parvovirus (GPV) can cause high mortality and morbidity in Muscovy ducklings. MDPVs and GPVs share high nucleotide identity, which can cause errors during differential diagnosis. In this study, the NS genes of both MDPVs and GPVs were chosen for the design of specific primers after genetic comparison. Only three primers (GF1, MF1 and MGR1) were designed for the duplex PCR assay: GF1 is specific for GPV only; MF1 is specific for MDPV only; and MGR1 is highly conserved for both MDPV and GPV. After a series of optimization experiments, the duplex PCR assay amplified a 161-bp fragment specifically for GPV, a 1197-bp fragment specifically for MDPV, and two fragments (161-bp and 1197-bp) for both GPV and MDPV. The lowest detection limit was 103 copies/μl. No amplification was obtained using nucleic acids from other pathogens (including DAdV-A, DuCV, DEV, GHPV, R.A., E. coli., P.M. and S.S.) occurring in Muscovy ducks. Application of the duplex PCR assay in field samples showed that even one-day-old Muscovy ducklings were both MDPV-positive and GPV-positive. In conclusion, a duplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of MDPV and GPV was established using only three highly specific primers. Our finding suggested that country-wide vaccination with MDPV and GPV vaccines in waterfowls are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Wan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.
| | - Longfei Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Cuiteng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.
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Application of high-resolution melting curve analysis for identification of Muscovy duck parvovirus and goose parvovirus. J Virol Methods 2019; 266:121-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Wan C, Shi S, Chen C, Chen H, Cheng L, Fu Q, Fu G, Liu R, Huang Y. Development of a PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Muscovy duck and goose parvoviruses based on NS gene characterization. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1861-1866. [PMID: 30298830 PMCID: PMC6305514 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) and goose parvovirus (GPV) have both been found to cause
high mortality and morbidity in Muscovy ducklings. Specific detection is often rife with
false positives due to high identity at the genomic nucleotide level and antigenic
similarity between MDPVs and GPVs. In this study, significantly variable regions were
found, via non-structural (NS) comparison, between MDPV and GPV NS genes; however, NS
genes were conserved within the MDPV and GPV groups. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
assay for detecting and differentiating MDPVs and GPVs was developed with more specificity
based on the NS gene characterization. The assay detected as low as 103 DNA
copies of both the MDPV and GPV strains, along with 549 separate base pairs (bp). No bands
of the same size from other duck pathogens, including duck circovirus, duck enteritis
virus, egg drop syndrome virus, duck-origin goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus,
Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Riemerella
anatipestifer and Pasteurella multocida were amplified. This
indicates that this method for performing PCR provides a useful and reliable alternative
tool for more precise differentiation of MDPV and GPV infection in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Wan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiteng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention/Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
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Wan C, Chen C, Cheng L, Chen H, Fu Q, Shi S, Fu G, Liu R, Huang Y. Specific detection of Muscovy duck parvovirus infection by TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:267. [PMID: 30176903 PMCID: PMC6122767 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) causes high mortality and morbidity in Muscovy ducks, with the pathogenesis of the virus still unknown in many respects. Specific MDPV detection is often rife with false positive results because of high identity at the genomic nucleotide level and antigenic similarity with goose parvovirus (GPV). The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive, highly specific, and repeatable TaqMan-based real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for facilitating the molecular detection of MDPV. RESULTS The specific primers and probe were designed based on the conserved regions within MDPVs, but there was a variation in GPVs of the nonstructural (NS) genes after genetic comparison. After the optimization of qPCR conditions, the detection limit of this qPCR assay was 29.7 copies/μl. The assay was highly specific for the detection of MDPV, and no cross-reactivity was observed with other non-targeted duck-derived pathogens. Intra- and inter-assay variability was less than 2.21%, means a high degree of repeatability. The diagnostic applicability of the qPCR assay was proven that MDPV-positive can be found in cloacal swabs samples, Muscovy duck embryos and newly hatched Muscovy ducklings. CONCLUSIONS Our data provided incidents that MDPV could be possible vertically transmitted from breeder Muscovy ducks to Muscovy ducklings. The developed qPCR assay in the study could be a reliable and specific tool for epidemiological surveillance and pathogenesis studies of MDPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Wan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xi-feng Road No.100, Jiantian village, Jin'an district, Fuzhou, 350013, China.
| | - Cuiteng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xi-feng Road No.100, Jiantian village, Jin'an district, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Longfei Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xi-feng Road No.100, Jiantian village, Jin'an district, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xi-feng Road No.100, Jiantian village, Jin'an district, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Qiuling Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xi-feng Road No.100, Jiantian village, Jin'an district, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xi-feng Road No.100, Jiantian village, Jin'an district, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Guanghua Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xi-feng Road No.100, Jiantian village, Jin'an district, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xi-feng Road No.100, Jiantian village, Jin'an district, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xi-feng Road No.100, Jiantian village, Jin'an district, Fuzhou, 350013, China.
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Wan CH, Chen CT, Cheng LF, Liu RC, Shi SH, Fu GH, Fu QL, Chen HM, Huang Y. A novel group of avian Avastrovirus in domestic geese, China. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:798-801. [PMID: 29553061 PMCID: PMC5989025 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an ORF1b-based astrovirus-specfic reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay, a novel astrovirus-like was detected from domestic geese in China. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic
analyzes suggested that a novel group of goose astrovirus, different with previously known astroviruses in the genus Avastrovirus, was found circulating in geese. This study
has expanded our understanding about the role of domestic waterfowls as reservoirs for diverse astroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-He Wan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Cui-Teng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Long-Fei Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Rong-Chang Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Shao-Hua Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Guang-Hua Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Hong-Mei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Avian Diseases Control and Prevention, Fujian Animal Diseases Control Technology Development Center, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
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A simple, polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism-aided diagnosis method for short beak and dwarfism syndrome in ducklings. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 53:85-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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