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Loong SK, Liam CK, Karunakaran R, Tan KK, Mahfodz NH, AbuBakar S. Non-classical Bordetella sp. (closely related to Bordetella hinzii and Bordetella pseudohinzii) lower respiratory tract infection in a patient with extensive bronchiectasis: a case report. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231214464. [PMID: 38216150 PMCID: PMC10787532 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231214464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of reports have described the pathogenic nature of several non-classical Bordetella spp. Among them, Bordetella hinzii and Bordetella pseudohinzii have been implicated in a myriad of respiratory-associated infections in humans and animals. We report the isolation of a genetically close relative of B. hinzii and B. pseudohinzii from the sputum of a woman in her early 60s with extensive bronchiectasis who presented with fever and brown colored sputum. The isolate had initially been identified as Bordetella avium by API 20NE, the identification system for non-enteric Gram-negative rod bacteria. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA, ompA, nrdA, and genes used in the Bordetella multilocus sequence typing scheme could not resolve the identity of this Bordetella isolate. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis positioned the isolate between B. hinzii and B. pseudohinzii in the phylogenetic tree, forming a distinct cluster. Whole-genome sequencing enabled the further identification of this rare organism, and should be considered for wider applications, especially the confirmation of organism identity in the clinical diagnostic microbiology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Keng Loong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Kin Liam
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rina Karunakaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Kee Tan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayana Mahfodz
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lee HY, Loong SK, Ya'cob Z, Low VL, Teoh BT, Ahmad-Nasrah SN, Yap PC, Sofian-Azirun M, Takaoka H, AbuBakar S, Adler PH. Culturable bacteria in adults of a Southeast Asian black fly, Simulium tani (Diptera:Simuliidae). Acta Trop 2021; 219:105923. [PMID: 33878305 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the microbiome of blood-feeding insects serves an integral role in host physiology, both beneficial and pathogenic, little is known of the microbial community of black flies. An investigation, therefore, was undertaken to identify culturable bacteria from one of Malaysia's most common black flies, Simulium tani Takaoka and Davies, using 16S rDNA sequencing, and then evaluate the isolates for antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. A total of 20 isolates representing 11 bacterial species in four genera were found. Five isolates showed β-hemolysis on Columbia agar, and virulence genes were found in three of these isolates. Some degree of resistance to six of the 12 tested antibiotics was found among the isolates. The baseline data from this study suggest rich opportunities for comparative studies exploring the diversity and roles of the microbiome of S. tani and other Southeast Asian black flies.
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TIONG V, LOONG SK, MOHAMAD WALI HA, TAN KK, JEE PF, LIM FS, KHOO JJ, WONG PF, CHANG LY, ABUBAKAR S. Isolation of Streptococcus cuniculi from corneal lesion in laboratory-raised mice. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:280-284. [PMID: 33441499 PMCID: PMC7972885 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal lesions appearing as white mass beneath intact epithelium, with ocular discharge in one mouse, was observed in a batch of laboratory-raised BALB/c mice (n=9 of 56). The affected mice remained active, well-groomed and had normal appetite. Isolates recovered from swab cultures of the external and internal contents of the eye had partial 16S rRNA gene sequence of 99.1% similarity to Streptococcus cuniculi. No previous report of S. cuniculi infection in laboratory rodents has been presented. The isolate was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. We suggest S. cuniculi is an opportunistic bacteria in laboratory mice but are uncertain of its source. Our findings revealed that S. cuniculi is able to colonize laboratory mice and should be considered when mice present with eye lesion or ocular discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vunjia TIONG
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education
Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Keng LOONG
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education
Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Kim-Kee TAN
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education
Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui-Fong JEE
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fang-Shiang LIM
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education
Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jing-Jing KHOO
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education
Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong WONG
- Animal Experimental Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li-Yen CHANG
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly ABUBAKAR
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education
Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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LOONG SK, CHE-MAT-SERI NAA, ABDULRAZAK O, DOUADI B, AHMAD-NASRAH SN, JOHARI J, MOHD-ZAIN SN, ABUBAKAR S. Recovery of Bordetella bronchiseptica sequence type 82 and B. pseudohinzii from urban rats in Terengganu, Malaysia. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:77-84. [PMID: 29237995 PMCID: PMC5797863 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents have historically been associated with zoonotic pandemics that claimed the lives of large human populations. Appropriate pathogen surveillance initiatives could contribute to early detection of zoonotic infections to prevent future outbreaks. Bordetella species are bacteria known to cause mild to severe respiratory disease in mammals and, some have been described to infect, colonize and spread in rodents. There is a lack of information on the population diversity of bordetellae among Malaysian wild rodents. Here, bordetellae recovered from lung tissues of wild rats were genotypically characterized using 16S rDNA sequencing, MLST and nrdA typing. A novel B. bronchiseptica ST82, closely related to other human-derived isolates, was discovered in three wild rats (n=3) from Terengganu (5.3333° N, 103.1500° E). B. pseudohinzii, a recently identified laboratory mice inhabitant, was also recovered from one rat (n=1). Both bordetellae displayed identical antimicrobial resistance profiles, indicating the close phylogenetic association between them. Genotyping using the 765-bp nrdA locus was shown to be compatible with the MLST-based phylogeny, with the added advantage of being able to genotype non-classical bordetellae. The recovery of B. pseudohinzii from wild rat implied that this bordetellae has a wider host range than previously thought. The findings from this study suggest that bordetellae surveillance among wild rats in Malaysia has to be continued and expanded to other states to ensure early identification of species capable of causing public health disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Keng LOONG
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul-Asma-Anati CHE-MAT-SERI
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Osama ABDULRAZAK
- Microbial Evolutionary Dynamics Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Benacer DOUADI
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti-Noraisah AHMAD-NASRAH
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jefree JOHARI
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti-Nursheena MOHD-ZAIN
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly ABUBAKAR
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Loong SK, Tan KK, Sulaiman S, Wong PF, AbuBakar S. Draft genome of Bordetella pseudohinzii BH370 isolated from trachea and lung tissues of a laboratory mouse. GENOMICS DATA 2017; 12:69-70. [PMID: 28377885 PMCID: PMC5369867 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present the draft genome sequence of B. pseudohinzii BH370 recovered from the trachea and lung tissues of an ICR mouse in Malaysia. The genome consists of 4,474,040 bp with a GC content of 66.4%. Annotation using RAST algorithm displayed 5119 protein encoding and 52 RNA genes. The CRISPR-cas genomic sequences previously reported in B. pseudohinzii were identified. The nucleotide sequences of BH370 was deposited into the European Nucleotide Archive under the genome assembly accession number FPJN01000000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Keng Loong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Kee Tan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syuhaida Sulaiman
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi Fong Wong
- Animal Experimental Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ivanov YV, Linz B, Register KB, Newman JD, Taylor DL, Boschert KR, Le Guyon S, Wilson EF, Brinkac LM, Sanka R, Greco SC, Klender PM, Losada L, Harvill ET. Identification and taxonomic characterization of Bordetella pseudohinzii sp. nov. isolated from laboratory-raised mice. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:5452-5459. [PMID: 27707434 PMCID: PMC5244500 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella hinzii is known to cause respiratory disease in poultry and has been associated with a variety of infections in immunocompromised humans. In addition, there are several reports of B. hinzii infections in laboratory-raised mice. Here we sequenced and analysed the complete genome sequences of multiple B. hinzii-like isolates, obtained from vendor-supplied C57BL/6 mice in animal research facilities on different continents, and we determined their taxonomic relationship to other Bordetella species. The whole-genome based and 16S rRNA gene based phylogenies each identified two separate clades in B. hinzii, one was composed of strains isolated from poultry, humans and a rabbit whereas the other clade was restricted to isolates from mice. Distinctly different estimated DNA–DNA hybridization values, average nucleotide identity scores, gene content, metabolic profiles and host specificity all provide compelling evidence for delineation of the two species, B. hinzii – from poultry, humans and rabbit – and Bordetella pseudohinzii sp. nov. type strain 8-296-03T (=NRRL B-59942T=NCTC 13808T) that infect mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bodo Linz
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Karen B Register
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Dawn L Taylor
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth R Boschert
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Soazig Le Guyon
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emily F Wilson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Ravi Sanka
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Suellen C Greco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paula M Klender
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Loong SK, Mahfodz NH, Che Mat Seri NAA, Mohamad Wali HA, Abd Gani SA, Wong PF, AbuBakar S. Genetic characterization of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from laboratory rodents. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1035. [PMID: 27462483 PMCID: PMC4940358 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli, a commensal in the intestines of vertebrates, is capable of colonizing many different hosts and the environment. Commensal E. coli strains are believed to be the precursor of pathogenic strains by means of acquisition of antimicrobial resistant and virulence genes. Laboratory rodents are inherently susceptible to numerous known infectious agents, which could transfer virulence determinants to commensal E. coli. Hence, in this study, the genetic structure of commensal E. coli found in laboratory rodents and their antimicrobial resistance profiles were investigated. Results E. coli strains belonging to phylogroup A were the predominant strain obtained from the animals used in the study. Four novel sequence types (ST746, ST747, ST748 and ST749) were discovered using the multi locus sequence typing, together with one common ST357 in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and, the trachea and lung. Serotyping demonstrated that these commensal E. coli strains were non-Shiga toxin-producers. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of extended spectrum beta lactamases were also negative. Conclusions These findings implied that the E. coli strains recovered from the laboratory rodents were truly commensal in nature. Further study is required to investigate the possible influence of gender on the susceptibility of hosts to E. coli colonization in laboratory rodents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2745-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Keng Loong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayana Mahfodz
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Asma Anati Che Mat Seri
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Syahar Amir Abd Gani
- Animal Experimental Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Animal Experimental Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Loong SK, Khor CS, Jafar FL, AbuBakar S. Utility of 16S rDNA Sequencing for Identification of Rare Pathogenic Bacteria. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 30:1056-1060. [PMID: 27184222 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic identification systems are established methods for laboratory identification of bacteria causing human infections. Here, the utility of phenotypic identification systems was compared against 16S rDNA identification method on clinical isolates obtained during a 5-year study period, with special emphasis on isolates that gave unsatisfactory identification. METHODS One hundred and eighty-seven clinical bacteria isolates were tested with commercial phenotypic identification systems and 16S rDNA sequencing. Isolate identities determined using phenotypic identification systems and 16S rDNA sequencing were compared for similarity at genus and species level, with 16S rDNA sequencing as the reference method. RESULTS Phenotypic identification systems identified ~46% (86/187) of the isolates with identity similar to that identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. Approximately 39% (73/187) and ~15% (28/187) of the isolates showed different genus identity and could not be identified using the phenotypic identification systems, respectively. Both methods succeeded in determining the species identities of 55 isolates; however, only ~69% (38/55) of the isolates matched at species level. 16S rDNA sequencing could not determine the species of ~20% (37/187) of the isolates. CONCLUSION The 16S rDNA sequencing is a useful method over the phenotypic identification systems for the identification of rare and difficult to identify bacteria species. The 16S rDNA sequencing method, however, does have limitation for species-level identification of some bacteria highlighting the need for better bacterial pathogen identification tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Keng Loong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Sieng Khor
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faizatul Lela Jafar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Clark SE, Purcell JE, Sammani S, Steffen EK, Crim MJ, Livingston RS, Besch-Williford C, Fortman JD. Bordetella pseudohinzii as a Confounding Organism in Murine Models of Pulmonary Disease. Comp Med 2016; 66:361-366. [PMID: 27780002 PMCID: PMC5073060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A group studying acute lung injury observed an increased percentage of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of mice. BAL was performed, and lung samples were collected sterilely from 5 C57BL/6 mice that had been bred inhouse. Pure colonies of bacteria, initially identified as Bordetella hinzii were cultured from 2 of the 5 mice which had the highest percentages of neutrophils (21% and 26%) in the BAL fluid. Subsequent sequencing of a portion of the ompA gene from this isolate demonstrated 100% homology with the published B. pseudohinzii sequence. We then selected 10 mice from the investigator's colony to determine the best test to screen for B. pseudohinzii in the facility. BAL was performed, the left lung lobe was collected for culture and PCR analysis, the right lung lobe and nasal passages were collected for histopathology, an oral swab was collected for culture, and an oral swab and fecal pellets were collected for PCR analysis. B. pseudohinzii was cultured from the oral cavity, lung, or both in 8 of the 10 mice analyzed. All 8 of these mice were fecal PCR positive for B. pseudohinzii; 7 had increased neutrophils (5% to 20%) in the BAL fluid, whereas the 8th mouse had a normal neutrophil percentage (2%). Active bronchopneumonia was not observed, but some infected mice had mild to moderate rhinitis. B. pseudohinzii appears to be a microbial agent of importance in mouse colonies that can confound pulmonary research. Commercial vendors and institutions should consider colony screening, routine reporting, and exclusion of B. pseudohinzii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Clark
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeanette E Purcell
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey D Fortman
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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