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Liu J, Tan J, Tang B, Guo J. Unveiling the role of iPLA 2β in neurodegeneration: From molecular mechanisms to advanced therapies. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107114. [PMID: 38395207 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β), a member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2s) superfamily, is encoded by the PLA2G6 gene. Mutations in the PLA2G6 gene have been identified as the primary cause of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and, less commonly, as a contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have revealed that iPLA2β deficiency leads to neuroinflammation, iron accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid dysregulation, and other pathological changes, forming a complex pathogenic network. These discoveries shed light on potential mechanisms underlying PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) and offer valuable insights for therapeutic development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental characteristics of iPLA2β, its association with neurodegeneration, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in PLAN, and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. It offers an overview of the latest advancements in this field, aiming to contribute to ongoing research endeavors and facilitate the development of effective therapies for PLAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Tanaka M, Fujikawa R, Sekiguchi T, Hernandez J, Johnson OT, Tanaka D, Kumafuji K, Serikawa T, Hoang Trung H, Hattori K, Mashimo T, Kuwamura M, Gestwicki JE, Kuramoto T. A missense mutation in the Hspa8 gene encoding heat shock cognate protein 70 causes neuroaxonal dystrophy in rats. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1263724. [PMID: 38384479 PMCID: PMC10880117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1263724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by spheroid (swollen axon) formation in the nervous system. In the present study, we focused on a newly established autosomal recessive mutant strain of F344-kk/kk rats with hind limb gait abnormalities and ataxia from a young age. Histopathologically, a number of axonal spheroids were observed throughout the central nervous system, including the spinal cord (mainly in the dorsal cord), brain stem, and cerebellum in F344-kk/kk rats. Transmission electron microscopic observation of the spinal cord revealed accumulation of electron-dense bodies, degenerated abnormal mitochondria, as well as membranous or tubular structures in the axonal spheroids. Based on these neuropathological findings, F344-kk/kk rats were diagnosed with NAD. By a positional cloning approach, we identified a missense mutation (V95E) in the Hspa8 (heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8) gene located on chromosome 8 of the F344-kk/kk rat genome. Furthermore, we developed the Hspa8 knock-in (KI) rats with the V95E mutation using the CRISPR-Cas system. Homozygous Hspa8-KI rats exhibited ataxia and axonal spheroids similar to those of F344-kk/kk rats. The V95E mutant HSC70 protein exhibited the significant but modest decrease in the maximum hydrolysis rate of ATPase when stimulated by co-chaperons DnaJB4 and BAG1 in vitro, which suggests the functional deficit in the V95E HSC70. Together, our findings provide the first evidence that the genetic alteration of the Hspa8 gene caused NAD in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuu Tanaka
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jason Hernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Oleta T. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Kumafuji
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadao Serikawa
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hieu Hoang Trung
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hattori
- Division of Animal Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Division of Animal Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
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Pardo ID, Otis D, Ritenour HN, Bailey S, Masek-Hammerman K, Dowty HV, Bolon B, Palazzi X. Spontaneous Axonal Dystrophy in the Brain and Spinal Cord in Naïve Beagle Dogs. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:694-701. [PMID: 32476609 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320926475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Axonal dystrophy (AD) is a common age-related neurohistological finding in vertebrates that can be congenital or induced by xenobiotics, vitamin E deficiency, or trauma/compression. To understand the incidence and location of AD as a background finding in Beagle dogs used in routine toxicity studies, we examined central nervous system (CNS) and selected peripheral nervous system (PNS) tissues in twenty 18- to 24-month-old and ten 4- to 5-year-old control males and females. Both sexes were equally affected. The cuneate, gracile, and cochlear nuclei and the cerebellar white matter (rostral vermis) were the most common locations for AD. Incidence of AD increased with age in the cuneate nucleus, cerebellar white matter (rostral vermis), trigeminal nuclei/tracts, and lumbar spinal cord. Axonal dystrophy in the CNS was not accompanied by neuronal degeneration/necrosis, nerve fiber degeneration, and/or glial reaction. Axonal dystrophy was not observed in the PNS (sciatic nerve, vagus nerve branches, or gastrointestinal mural autonomic plexuses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid D Pardo
- Global Pathology and Investigative Toxicology, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Diana Otis
- Global Pathology and Investigative Toxicology, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Hayley N Ritenour
- Global Pathology and Investigative Toxicology, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Steven Bailey
- Department of Statistics, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Heather V Dowty
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Xavier Palazzi
- Global Pathology and Investigative Toxicology, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
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