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Li Y, Ding Q, Gao J, Li C, Hou P, Xu J, Cao K, Hu M, Cheng L, Wang X, Yang X. Novel mechanisms underlying inhibition of inflammation-induced angiogenesis by dexamethasone and gentamicin via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/VEGF pathways in acute radiation proctitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14116. [PMID: 35982137 PMCID: PMC9388498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute radiation proctitis (ARP) is one of the most common complications of pelvic radiotherapy attributed to radiation exposure. The mechanisms of ARP are related to inflammation, angiogenesis, and so on. In this study we evaluated the effect of dexamethasone (DXM) combined with gentamicin (GM) enema on ARP mice, and explored its possible mechanisms by transcriptome sequencing, western blot and immunohistochemistry. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: healthy control group, ARP model group, and DXM + GM enema treatment group. ARP mice were established by using a single 6 MV X-ray dose of 27 Gy pelvic local irradiation. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that 979 genes were co-upregulated and 445 genes were co-downregulated in ARP mice compared to healthy mice. According to gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, we firstly found that PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/VEGF pathways were mostly correlated with the inflammation-induced angiogenesis in ARP mice. PI3K/AKT pathway leads to the activation of NF-κB, which promotes the transcription of VEGF and Bcl-2. Interestingly, symptoms and pathological changes of ARP mice were ameliorated by DXM + GM enema treatment. DXM + GM enema inhibited inflammation by downregulating NF-κB and upregulating AQP3, as well as inhibited angiogenesis by downregulating VEGF and AQP1 in ARP mice. Moreover, DXM + GM enema induced apoptosis by increasing Bax and suppressing Bcl-2. The novel mechanisms may be related to the downregulation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB/VEGF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Qin Ding
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Jinsheng Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China.,Ping An Healthcare and Technology Company Limited, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Pengxiao Hou
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Kaiqi Cao
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Xixing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Province Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China.
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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Kamiya S, Shimizu K, Okada A, Inoshima Y. Induction of Serum Amyloid A3 in Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and Lipoteichoic Acid. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061548. [PMID: 34070499 PMCID: PMC8230092 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein present in mammals and birds. Based on the amino acid sequence, SAA has been classified into isoforms SAA1–4 in mice. Previously, it was reported that after the stimulation with bacterial antigens, the expression of the Saa3 mRNA was induced more strongly than that of the Saa1 mRNA in mouse epithelia, including colonic and alveolar epithelial cells, indicating that SAA3 plays a role in the local response. However, the contribution of SAA3 to the local response in mouse mammary epithelium, where mastitis occurs due to bacterial infection, has not been completely determined yet. In this study, to clarify whether mouse SAA3 has a role in the defense against bacterial infection in mouse mammary epithelium, normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) epithelial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LPS and LTA significantly enhanced mRNA expression level of the Saa3 gene but not that of Saa1. Furthermore, LPS induced SAA3 protein expression more strongly than LTA. Our data indicate that SAA3 expression in mouse mammary epithelial cells was increased by the stimulation with bacterial antigens, suggesting that SAA3 is involved in the defense against bacterial infection in mouse mammary epithelium. Abstract In this study, to establish whether serum amyloid A (SAA) 3 plays a role in the defense against bacterial infection in mouse mammary epithelium, normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) epithelial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LPS and LTA significantly enhanced mRNA expression level of the Saa3 gene, whereas no significant change was observed in the Saa1 mRNA level. Furthermore, LPS induced SAA3 protein expression more strongly than LTA, whereas neither LPS nor LTA significantly affected SAA1 protein expression. These data indicate that the expression of SAA3 in mouse mammary epithelial cells was increased by the stimulation with bacterial antigens. SAA3 has been reported to stimulate neutrophils in the intestinal epithelium and increase interleukin-22 expression, which induces activation of the innate immune system and production of antibacterial proteins, such as antimicrobial peptides. Therefore, collectively, these data suggest that SAA3 is involved in the defense against bacterial infection in mouse mammary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sato Kamiya
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.); (A.O.)
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.); (A.O.)
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-293-2863
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Kawasaki H, Murakami T, Badr Y, Kamiya S, Shimizu K, Okada A, Inoshima Y. In vitro and ex vivo expression of serum amyloid A3 in mouse lung epithelia. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:352-361. [PMID: 32842790 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1809750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute-phase protein whose level tracks infection and inflammation, is the precursor protein of amyloid A (AA) fibrils that is thought to cause AA amyloidosis in human and animals. SAA protein has several isoforms based on the difference of amino acid sequence, such as SAA1 to SAA4 in mice. AA fibrils are associated with chronic inflammation and are mainly originated from SAA1 produced in the liver. SAA3 reportedly contributes to the innate immune response in epithelia; however, little is known about its role at the lung epithelia. Therefore, we investigated SAA3 expression in the lung epithelium activated by bacterial antigens. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expressions of SAA3 and SAA1 mRNA were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR, in vitro using mouse Clara (Club) cells and ex vivo using surgically removed mouse lungs, after their stimulation by using either lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major outer membranous antigen of gram-negative bacteria, or lipoteichoic acid (LTA), the major outer membranous antigen of gram-positive bacteria. In addition, SAA3 and SAA1/2 proteins in treated lung samples were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS SAA3 mRNA expression increased in cells and lungs treated with either LPS or LTA. SAA3 mRNA was more sensitively expressed in LPS than LTA treatment. In contrast, SAA1 mRNA expression did not increase by either LPS or LTA treatment. Furthermore, SAA3 mRNA expression increased in a dose-dependent manner in cells treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. By IHC, SAA3 protein was highly expressed in the luminal side of the bronchial epithelium, while SAA1/2 was not expressed. CONCLUSION These results obtained from in vitro and ex vivo experiments suggest that SAA3 plays an important role in the innate immune response to bacterial infection in the lung epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yassien Badr
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Damanhour University, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Sato Kamiya
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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