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Magata F, Kuroki C, Sakono T, Matsuda F. Lipopolysaccharide impairs the in vitro growth, steroidogenesis, and maturation of oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complexes derived from bovine early antral follicles. Theriogenology 2024; 215:187-194. [PMID: 38086312 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In postpartum dairy cows, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from gram-negative bacteria causes uterine or mammary inflammation, resulting in low fertility. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of LPS on the in vitro growth (IVG), steroidogenesis, and maturation of oocyte-cumulus-granulosa cell complexes (OCGCs) derived from bovine early antral follicles. OCGCs were isolated from bovine early antral follicles (0.5-1 mm in diameter) and cultured in vitro for 12 days using media containing 0 (control), 0.01, or 1 μg/mL of LPS. The viability, cavity formation, and oocyte diameter of the OCGCs, as well as the concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in the IVG culture media, were determined. After IVG culture, oocytes collected from viable OCGCs were matured in vitro (IVM) in a medium without LPS. The nuclear maturation rate and the mitochondrial membrane potential of oocytes were determined. Bovine oocytes and cumulus-granulosa complexes derived from early antral follicles expressed genes encoding LPS receptor complex, such as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Immunohistochemistry analysis further localized TLR4 expression predominantly in follicular granulosa and theca cells of early antral follicles. The viability of OCGCs and cavity formation in OCGCs were lower in the 0.01 and 1 μg/mL LPS groups than in the control group. No significant difference in oocyte diameter was observed between the treatment groups throughout the culture period. Moreover, E2 production was suppressed in the 0.01 and 1 μg/mL LPS groups from Days 4-8, whereas P4 production increased in the 1 μg/mL LPS group from Days 0-8. The nuclear maturation rate after IVM was lower in the 0.01 and 1 μg/mL LPS groups than in the control group. The mitochondrial membrane potential of post-IVM oocytes was lower in the 0.01 and 1 μg/mL LPS groups than in the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that LPS inhibited the growth and steroidogenesis of OCGCs and the meiosis and mitochondrial function of oocytes derived from early antral follicles. This study suggests that the detrimental effects of LPS on developing oocytes may contribute to long-term decreased fertility in postpartum dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Magata
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Chie Kuroki
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuko Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Lüttgenau J, Imboden I, Wellnitz O, Romer R, Scaravaggi I, Neves AP, Borel N, Bruckmaier RM, Janett F, Bollwein H. Intrauterine infusion of killed semen adversely affects uterine blood flow and endometrial gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in mares susceptible to persistent breeding-induced endometritis. Theriogenology 2021; 163:18-30. [PMID: 33493874 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) is a leading cause of infertility in mares. The objective of the study was to assess genital perfusion and endometrial gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in mares classified as susceptible (n = 5) or resistant (n = 5) to PBIE. Ten mares were examined daily during estrus until 6 d after hCG-induced ovulation for two estrous cycles. Twenty-four hours after application of 1500 IU hCG, 4 mL of killed (by repeated freezing in liquid nitrogen and thawing at 50 °C) deep-frozen semen or sterile saline was instilled into the uterine body and examinations were carried out immediately before and 3, 6, and 12 h after intrauterine infusion. Examinations included blood sampling to determine plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations, and transrectal ultrasonography in B- and color Doppler mode to determine follicular and luteal size and blood flow, the extent of intrauterine fluid, as well as time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), blood flow volume (BFV), and blood flow resistance (expressed as pulsatility index, PI) of the uterine arteries. Additionally, endometrial biopsies were obtained at 24 h before, and 2 and 7 d after infusion, and mRNA expressions of IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL10, TNF, CASP3, and COX2 were determined by qRT-PCR. Statistical analyses were performed with mixed models. Intrauterine fluid retention (diameter >20 mm for at least 3 d) was found after infusion of killed semen in five susceptible mares. There was no treatment effect (semen vs saline; P > 0.05) on genital blood flow, plasma P4 concentration, and endometrial gene expression. In comparison to resistant mares, susceptible mares had an increased (P = 0.04) BFV of the uterine arteries at 24 h before intrauterine infusion of killed semen, and an increased (P = 0.03) PI at 2 d after infusion. The TAMV, plasma P4 concentrations, and follicular and luteal size and blood flow did not differ (P > 0.05) between resistant and susceptible mares. Endometrial mRNA expression of IL1B increased (P = 0.05) at 2 d after the infusion of killed semen in the susceptible mares, and the expression of IL10 increased (P = 0.003) at 7 d after the infusion within the resistant mares. Interleukin 6 mRNA was increased (P = 0.05) in susceptible compared to resistant mares at 2 d after infusion. In summary, an intrauterine infusion of killed semen increases uterine blood flow resistance and alters endometrial gene expression of inflammatory cytokines for at least 7 d but does not affect ovarian blood supply and luteal function in mares susceptible to PBIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lüttgenau
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - I Imboden
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O Wellnitz
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Romer
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Scaravaggi
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A P Neves
- Faculdade de Zootecnia, Unipampa Campus, Dom Pedrito, Brazil
| | - N Borel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Janett
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ohtaki T, Ogata K, Kajikawa H, Sumiyoshi T, Asano S, Tsumagari S, Horikita T. Effect of high-concentrate corn grain diet-induced elevated ruminal lipopolysaccharide levels on dairy cow liver function. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:971-977. [PMID: 32461536 PMCID: PMC7399309 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-concentrate diet destroys gram-negative bacteria in the cattle rumen, leading to elevated ruminal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. LPS causes liver inflammation through the
hepatic portal vein but little is known about the effects of rumen-derived LPS on liver function and the reproductive organs. In this study, we determined the effect of increasing
rumen fluid LPS levels on liver function and genital LPS levels. Cows were assigned to control (CON; n=5) and high-concentrate diet (HC; n=7) groups. We observed that the ruminal
LPS and haptoglobin (Hp) levels were significantly higher and albumin levels were lower in the HC group than in the CON group. In the HC group, The Hp levels and aspartate
transaminase (AST) activity were significantly higher and the total cholesterol levels were significantly lower after high-concentrate diet feeding than before feeding. No
differences were observed in LPS levels in the peripheral veins, hepatic veins, hepatic portal vein, uterine perfusate, and follicular fluids between the groups. In all samples,
the LPS level in the hepatic portal vein blood positively correlated with the AST activity and serum amyloid A level. In conclusion, our results indicate that high-concentrate
diets do not have a direct effect on the reproductive organs upon a moderate ruminal LPS level increase. However, an increased ruminal LPS influx into the liver might affect
negatively liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Ohtaki
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kanae Ogata
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajikawa
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sumiyoshi
- Laboratory of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Sanae Asano
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Tsumagari
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Horikita
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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