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Cao M, Yang W, Yang J, Zhao Y, Hu X, Xu X, Tian J, Chen Y, Jiang H, Ren R, Li C. Minocycline Inhibits Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Protects Infected Cells via Multiple Pathways. Viruses 2024; 16:1055. [PMID: 39066217 PMCID: PMC11281541 DOI: 10.3390/v16071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the Tick-borne Encephalitis virus (TBEV), which affects the central nervous system of both humans and animals. Currently, there is no specific therapy for patients with TBE, with symptomatic treatment being the primary approach. In this study, the effects of minocycline (MIN), which is a kind of tetracycline antibiotic, on TBEV propagation and cellular protection in TBEV-infected cell lines were evaluated. Indirect immunofluorescence, virus titers, and RT-qPCR results showed that 48 h post-treatment with MIN, TBEV replication was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the inhibitory effect of MIN on different TBEV multiplicities of infection (MOIs) in Vero cells was studied. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR results indicate that after incubation with MIN, the levels of TBEV and CALML4 were decreased, whereas the levels of calcium channel receptors, such as RYR2 and SNAP25, were significantly increased. MIN also regulated MAPK-ERK-related factors, including FGF2, PDGFRA, PLCB2, and p-ERK, and inhibited inflammatory responses. These data indicate that administering MIN to TBEV-infected cells can reduce the TBEV level, regulate calcium signaling pathway-associated proteins, and inhibit the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway and inflammatory responses. This research offers innovative strategies for the advancement of anti-TBEV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Cao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Wei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Jintao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Instrument Analysis & Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Jing Tian
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Arbovirus Diseases Emergency Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Arbovirus Diseases Emergency Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Hongxia Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Ruiwen Ren
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Arbovirus Diseases Emergency Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Chunyuan Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510507, China; (M.C.); (X.H.); (J.T.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Arbovirus Diseases Emergency Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510507, China
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New Insights into the Biology of the Emerging Tembusu Virus. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081010. [PMID: 34451474 PMCID: PMC8398659 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported for the first time in 1955 in Malaysia, Tembusu virus (TMUV) remained, for a long time, in the shadow of flaviviruses with human health importance such as dengue virus or Japanese encephalitis virus. However, since 2010 and the first large epidemic in duck farms in China, the threat of its emergence on a large scale in Asia or even its spillover into the human population is becoming more and more significant. This review aims to report current knowledge on TMUV from viral particle organization to the development of specific vaccines and therapeutics, with a particular focus on host-virus interactions.
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