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Mitarai S, Okuya K, Miyane K, Miyamoto M, Ishikawa S, Kawaguchi H, Hatazoe I, Suda Y, Arima E, Nakazato H, Hobo S, Masatani T, Ozawa M. Genetic characterization of bovine respiratory syncytial viruses in Japan between 2017 and 2019. Arch Virol 2023; 168:51. [PMID: 36609930 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) strains that were detected in Kagoshima prefecture and isolated in Hokkaido between 2017 and 2019, together with a BRSV vaccine strain, were subjected to full-genome sequencing. The BRSV strains identified in Japan were found to be genetically close to each other but distant from the vaccine strains. The deduced amino acids at positions 206 and 208 of the glycoprotein (G protein), which form one of the major epitopes of the recent Japanese BRSV strains, were different from those of the vaccine strains. Therefore, the recent Japanese BRSV strains might be antigenically different from the BRSV vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire Mitarai
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Miyane
- Hokkaido Tokachi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Machiko Miyamoto
- Hokkaido Tokachi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Shingo Ishikawa
- Clinical Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Itaru Hatazoe
- Kagoshima Prefectural Economics Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- SUDx-Biotec Corporation, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Seiji Hobo
- Clinical Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Shawaf T, Schuberth HJ, Hussen J. Immune cell composition of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy and respiratory diseased dromedary camels. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:353. [PMID: 36131278 PMCID: PMC9490690 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory diseases are among the most common and expensive to treat diseases in camels with a great economic impact on camel health, welfare, and production. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been proven as a valuable sample for investigating the leukocyte populations in the respiratory tract of several species. In the present study, fluorescent antibody labeling and flow cytometry were used to study the immune cell composition of BALF in dromedary camels. Animals with clinical respiratory diseases (n = seven) were compared with apparently healthy animals (n = 10). In addition, blood leukocytes from the same animals were stained in parallel with the same antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Camel BALF macrophages, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes were identified based on their forward and side scatter properties. The expression pattern of the cell markers CD172a, CD14, CD163, and MHCII molecules on BALF cells indicates a similar phenotype for camel, bovine, and porcine BALF myeloid cells. The comparison between camels with respiratory disease and healthy camels regarding cellular composition in their BALF revealed a higher total cell count, a higher fraction of granulocytes, and a lower fraction of macrophages in diseased than healthy camels. Within the lymphocyte population, the percentages of helper T cells and B cells were also higher in diseased than healthy camels. The elevated expression of the activation marker CD11a on helper T cells of diseased camels is an indication of the expansion of helper T cells population due to infection and exposure to respiratory pathogens. The higher abundance of MHCII molecules on BALF macrophages from diseased camels indicates a polarization toward an inflammatory macrophage phenotype (M1) in respiratory diseased camels. No significant differences were observed in the systemic leukogram between healthy and diseased animals. Conclusions Collectively, the current study represents the first report on flow cytometric analysis of immune cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in dromedary camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turke Shawaf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Leukocyte Populations in the Lung Tissue of Dromedary Camels. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060287. [PMID: 35737339 PMCID: PMC9231337 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections are among the most common infections in dromedary camels, with a high impact on animal health, production, and welfare. Tissue-specific distribution of immune cells is one of the important factors that influence the nature and outcome of the immune response to pathogens. Several protocols have recently been described for the flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in the lung tissue of several species. However, no such protocol currently exists for dromedary camels. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to establish a flow cytometric protocol for the identification of immune cell populations in the camel lung tissue and the evaluation of some of their phenotypic and functional properties. Combined staining of camel lung leukocytes with monoclonal antibodies to the pan-leukocyte marker CD45 and the myeloid cell marker CD172a allowed the identification of myeloid cells (CD45+CD172a+) and lymphoid cells (CD45+CD172a−) in the lung of healthy camels. The cell adhesion molecules CD11a and CD18 were found in a higher abundance on myeloid cells compared to lymphoid cells. Based on their differential expression of the LPS receptor CD14, macrophages (CD172a+CD14high cells) were identified as the most abundant immune cell population in the camel lung tissue. In contrast to their dominance in camel peripheral blood, granulocytes (CD172a+CD14low) presented only a minor population in the lung tissue. The higher frequency of γδ T cells in the lung tissue than in peripheral blood suggests a role for these cells in the pulmonary immune system. Flow cytometric analysis of bacterial phagocytosis and ROS production upon bacterial stimulation revealed high antimicrobial activity of camel lung phagocytes, which was comparable with the antimicrobial activity of blood granulocytes. Comparative analysis of immune cell distribution between the cranial and caudal lobes of the camel lung revealed a higher frequency of granulocytes and a lower frequency of macrophages in the cranial compared to the caudal lung lobe. In addition, the higher frequency of cells expressing the M2 macrophage marker CD163 in the caudal lung tissue, with a slightly higher fraction of MHCII-positive cells (M1 phenotype) in the cranial lung tissue, may suggest the distribution of different macrophage subtypes in the different lobes of the camel lung. Such differences between lung lobes could influence the effectiveness of the immune response to infection or vaccination with respiratory pathogens. Collectively, the present study identified some similarities and differences between camels and other farm animals regarding the distribution of the main immune cell populations in their lungs. Further studies are required for comprehensive immunophenotyping of the cellular pulmonary immune system in camels.
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