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Hu Z, Guo K, Du C, Sun J, Naletoski I, Chu X, Lin Y, Wang X, Barrandeguy M, Samuel M, Wang W, Lau PI, Wernery U, Raghavan R, Wang X. Development and evaluation of a blocking ELISA for serological diagnosis of equine infectious anemia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3305-3317. [PMID: 37039847 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is an important viral disease characterized by persistent infection in equids worldwide. Most EIA cases are life-long virus carriers with low antibody reactions and without the appearance of clinical symptoms. A serological test with high sensitivity and specificity is required to detect inapparent infection. In this study, a B-cell common epitope-based blocking ELISA (bELISA) was developed using a monoclonal antibody together with the EIAV p26 protein labelled with HRP. The test has been evaluated against the standard and with field serum samples globally. This bELISA test can be completed within 75 min, and the sensitivity is higher than those of either the AGID or one commercial cELISA kit. This bELISA assay was 8-16 times more analytically sensitive than AGID, and 2 to 4 times more analytically sensitive than one cELISA kit by testing three sera from the USA, Argentina, and China, respectively. The 353 serum samples from Argentina were tested, in comparison with AGID, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of our bELISA assay were 100% (154/154) and 97.0% (193/199), respectively, and the accuracy of the bELISA test was 98.3%. The bELISA test developed in this study is a rapid, sensitive, specific method for the detection of EIAV infection, and could be a promising candidate for use in the monitoring of the EIA epidemic worldwide. KEY POINTS: • A universal epitope-based blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) was developed for detection of antibodies to EIAV. • The bELISA assay can be used to test EIAV serum samples from different regions of the world including North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. • The bELISA assay was evaluated in three different international labs and showed a better performance than other commercial kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Equine Infectious Anemia, Harbin, China
| | - Kui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ivancho Naletoski
- Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre for Nuclear Applications in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuezhi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Maria Barrandeguy
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miño Samuel
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Wen Wang
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Patrick Imtung Lau
- Equine Disease Division, Agriculture Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ulrich Wernery
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rekha Raghavan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Equine Infectious Anemia, Harbin, China.
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Development, evaluation, and laboratory validation of immunoassays for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia (EIA) using recombinant protein produced from a synthetic p26 gene of EIA virus. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:349-56. [PMID: 24426297 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Equine infectious anemia (EIA)-a retroviral disease caused by equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV)-is a chronic, debilitating disease of horses, mules, and donkeys. EIAV infection has been reported worldwide and is recognized as pathogen of significant economic importance to the horse industry. This disease falls under regulatory control program in many countries including India. Control of EIA is based on identification of inapparent carriers by detection of antibodies to EIAV in serologic tests and "Stamping Out" policy. The current internationally accepted test for diagnosis of EIA is the agar gel immune-diffusion test (AGID), which detects antibodies to the major gag gene (p26) product. The objective of this study was to develop recombinant p26 based in-house immunoassays [enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and AGID] for EIA diagnosis. The synthetic p26 gene of EIAV was expressed in Escherichia coli and diagnostic potential of recombinant p26 protein were evaluated in ELISA and AGID on 7,150 and 1,200 equine serum samples, respectively, and compared with commercial standard AGID kit. The relative sensitivity and specificity of the newly developed ELISA were 100 and 98.6 %, respectively. Whereas, relative sensitivity and specificity of the newly developed AGID were in complete agreement in respect to commercial AGID kit. Here, we have reported the validation of an ELISA and AGID on large number of equine serum samples using recombinant p26 protein produced from synthetic gene which does not require handling of pathogenic EIAV. Since the indigenously developed reagents would be economical than commercial diagnostic kit, the rp26 based-immunoassays could be adopted for the sero-diagnosis and control of EIA in India.
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Soutullo A, Santi MN, Perin JC, Beltramini LM, Borel IM, Frank R, Tonarelli GG. Systematic epitope analysis of the p26 EIAV core protein. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:227-37. [PMID: 17705340 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The major core protein of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), p26, is one of the primary immunogenic structural proteins during a persistent infection of horses and is highly conserved among antigenically variants of viral isolates. In order to investigate its immune profile in more detail for a better diagnostic, an epitope mapping was carried out by means of two libraries of overlapping peptide fragments prepared by simultaneous and parallel SPPS on derivatized cellulose membranes (SPOT synthesis). Polyclonal equine sera from infected horses were used for the biological assay. Particularly two promising continuous epitopes (NAMRHL and MYACRD) were localized on the C-terminal extreme of p26, region 194-222. A cyclic synthetic fragment of 29 amino acid residues containing the identified epitopes was designed and studied. A significant conformational change towards a helical structure was observed when the peptide was cyclized by a bridge between Cys198 and Cys218. This observation correlated with an improvement of its ability to be recognized by specific antibodies in an EIA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay). These results suggest that the conformationally restricted synthetic antigen adequately mimics the native structure of this region of p26 core protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Soutullo
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Dirección de Sanidad Animal, Ministerio de la Producción, Bv. Pellegrini 3100, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Piza AST, Pereira AR, Terreran MT, Mozzer O, Tanuri A, Brandão PE, Richtzenhain LJ. Serodiagnosis of equine infectious anemia by agar gel immunodiffusion and ELISA using a recombinant p26 viral protein expressed in Escherichia coli as antigen. Prev Vet Med 2007; 78:239-45. [PMID: 17109980 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We used a p26 recombinant protein (p26r) from equine infectious-anemia virus (EIAV) expressed in Escherichia coli as antigen to standardize an agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGIDp26r) test and an indirect ELISA (ELISAp26r) for the detection of antibodies against EIAV in 720 equine sera from Brazil. We evaluated the tests's relative diagnostic sensitivities (relSe) and relative diagnostic specificities (relSp) against a commercial AGID kit (Idexx, USA). We used three sera panels: panel A--196 AGID-negative sera from an AIE non-endemic controlled area; panel B--194 AGID-negative sera from an AIE endemic area and panel C--330 AGID-positive sera from an AIE endemic area. ELISAp26r cut-off value was defined with TG-ROC using sera from panels A and C. AGIDp26r showed an agreement of 100% with the commercial kit. When applied to sera from panels A and C, ELISAp26r showed an agreement of 100% with the kit, but, although relSe was 100% for panel C, the ELISAp26r had relSp of 93.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S Toledo Piza
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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