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Vilaró A, Karstensen KT, Cavaco LM, Angen Ø, Solé E, Seró I, Novell E, Enrique-Tarancón V, Guitart-Matas J, Migura-Garcia L, Fraile L. An investigation of the transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae within vertically integrated systems using whole genome sequencing. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110157. [PMID: 38917664 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. Antibiotic treatment can be challenging due to its clinical urgency and the turnover of antimicrobial susceptibility results from the diagnostic laboratory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vertical transmission of APP within integrated systems as a criterion for optimising antimicrobial treatment in the field, using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Additionally, the genetic variability of Spanish APP isolates has been assessed to decipher antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, toxin presence, serotype, and phenotype/genotype concordance of AMR. A total of 169 isolates from clinical cases of porcine pleuropneumonia with known antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were sequenced. Additionally, 48 NCBI assemblies were included to perform a phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high association between phylogenetic clusters, serotypes, and presence of toxins that are associated within vertically integrated systems by its epidemiological link. Concordance between presence of AMR determinants (genotype) vs in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (phenotype) was acceptable for amoxicillin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, and enrofloxacin using epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs), but low concordance was observed for doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/S). On the other hand, using CLSI clinical breakpoints (CBPs), concordance was acceptable for florfenicol and enrofloxacin and not evaluated for doxycycline, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/S), and amoxicillin because no CBP are available for them. Finally, WGS has demonstrated the clonality between isolates that shared a common origin (grandmother's farm) and resistance phenotype, suggesting vertical transmission of this pathogen and supporting the use of the epidemiological approach as a good criterion to optimise the antimicrobial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vilaró
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí (GSP), Partida Caparrella 97C, Lleida 25192, Spain
| | - Kasper T Karstensen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lina M Cavaco
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Solé
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí (GSP), Partida Caparrella 97C, Lleida 25192, Spain
| | - Ingrid Seró
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí (GSP), Partida Caparrella 97C, Lleida 25192, Spain
| | - Elena Novell
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí (GSP), Partida Caparrella 97C, Lleida 25192, Spain
| | | | - Judith Guitart-Matas
- Joint Research Unit IRTA-UAB in Animal Health, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; IRTA, Animal Health Program, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Collaborating Centre of the World Organisation for Animal Health for research and control of emerging and re-emerging pig diseases in Europe, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Migura-Garcia
- Joint Research Unit IRTA-UAB in Animal Health, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; IRTA, Animal Health Program, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Collaborating Centre of the World Organisation for Animal Health for research and control of emerging and re-emerging pig diseases in Europe, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Centre, Lleida 25198, Spain.
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Lee EB, Abbas MA, Park J, Tassew DD, Park SC. Optimizing tylosin dosage for co-infection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida in pigs using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1258403. [PMID: 37808183 PMCID: PMC10556534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1258403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Formulating a therapeutic strategy that can effectively combat concurrent infections of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) and Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) can be challenging. This study aimed to 1) establish minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), time kill curve, and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of tylosin against A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida pig isolates and employ the MIC data for the development of epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values; 2) estimate the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of tylosin following its intramuscular (IM) administration (20 mg/kg) in healthy and infected pigs; and 3) establish a PK-pharmacodynamic (PD) integrated model and predict optimal dosing regimens and PK/PD cutoff values for tylosin in healthy and infected pigs. The MIC of tylosin against both 89 and 363 isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida strains spread widely, ranging from 1 to 256 μg/mL and from 0.5 to 128 μg/mL, respectively. According to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) ECOFFinder analysis ECOFF value (≤64 µg/mL), 97.75% (87 strains) of the A. pleuropnumoniae isolates were wild-type, whereas with the same ECOFF value (≤64 µg/mL), 99.72% (363 strains) of the P. multicoda isolates were considered wild-type to tylosin. Area under the concentration time curve (AUC), T1/2, and Cmax values were significantly greater in healthy pigs than those in infected pigs (13.33 h × μg/mL, 1.99 h, and 5.79 μg/mL vs. 10.46 h × μg/mL, 1.83 h, and 3.59 μg/mL, respectively) (p < 0.05). In healthy pigs, AUC24 h/MIC values for the bacteriostatic activity were 0.98 and 1.10 h; for the bactericidal activity, AUC24 h/MIC values were 1.97 and 1.99 h for A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida, respectively. In infected pigs, AUC24 h/MIC values for the bacteriostatic activity were 1.03 and 1.12 h; for bactericidal activity, AUC24 h/MIC values were 2.54 and 2.36 h for A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation lead to a 2 μg/mL calculated PK/PD cutoff. Managing co-infections can present challenges, as it often demands the administration of multiple antibiotics to address diverse pathogens. However, using tylosin, which effectively targets both A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida in pigs, may enhance the control of bacterial burden. By employing an optimized dosage of 11.94-15.37 mg/kg and 25.17-27.79 mg/kg of tylosin can result in achieving bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects in 90% of co-infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aleem Abbas
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- DIVA Bio Incorporation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Sun D, Mi K, Hao H, Xie S, Chen D, Huang L. Optimal regimens based on PK/PD cutoff evaluation of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:366. [PMID: 32993661 PMCID: PMC7526406 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae formerly known as Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, can cause pleuropneumoniae in pigs, which lead to significant mortality. Ceftiofur was the first cephalosporin antibiotic used in animals, which was effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterium. This study aimed to formulate a rational dosage strategy and review the preceding recommended dosage based on PK/PD modeling and Establish Clinical breakpoint of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on the pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic cutoff. Results The epidemiologic cutoff value was 0.125 μg/mL. The results of the pharmacodynamic study showed that the MICs of BW39 were 0.5 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL in vitro and ex-vivo, respectively. The minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) under in vitro and ex vivo conditions were both 1 μg/mL. The time-killing profiles of ceftiofur against BW39 were time-dependent with a partly concentration-dependent pattern. Based on the inhibitory sigmoid Emax model, the AUC24 h/MIC values for the bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects in serum were 45.73, 63.83, and 69.04 h for healthy pigs separately. According to the Monte Carlo simulation, the COPD was calculated as 2 μg/mL, and the optimized dosage regimen of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to achieve bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects over 24 h was 2.13, 2.97, and 3.42 mg/kg for the 50% target attainment rate (TAR) and 2.47, 3.21, and 3.70 mg/kg for the 90% TAR respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, we reveal the EOFF and PK/PD cutoff values of ceftiofur against A. pleuropneumoniae in piglets. However, with the paucity of clinical data for ceftiofur to establish a clinical cutoff against A. pleuropneumoniae, the PK/PD cutoff value of 2 μg/mL will be recommended as surrogate. According to the PK/PD data and the MIC distribution in China, the single bactericidal dose was 3.21 mg/kg for the 90% target, which would be more able to cure Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and avoid the emergence of resistance for clinical ceftiofur use in piglet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Mi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Birhanu BT, Lee SJ, Park NH, Song JB, Park SC. In silico analysis of putative drug and vaccine targets of the metabolic pathways of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae using a subtractive/comparative genomics approach. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:188-199. [PMID: 29032659 PMCID: PMC5879067 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that resides in the respiratory tract of pigs and causes porcine respiratory disease complex, which leads to significant losses in the pig industry worldwide. The incidence of drug resistance in this bacterium is increasing; thus, identifying new protein/gene targets for drug and vaccine development is critical. In this study, we used an in silico approach, utilizing several databases including the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), the Database of Essential Genes (DEG), DrugBank, and Swiss-Prot to identify non-homologous essential genes and prioritize these proteins for their druggability. The results showed 20 metabolic pathways that were unique and contained 273 non-homologous proteins, of which 122 were essential. Of the 122 essential proteins, there were 95 cytoplasmic proteins and 11 transmembrane proteins, which are potentially suitable for drug and vaccine targets, respectively. Among these, 25 had at least one hit in DrugBank, and three had similarity to metabolic proteins from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, another pathogen causing porcine respiratory disease complex; thus, they could serve as common therapeutic targets. In conclusion, we identified glyoxylate and dicarboxylate pathways as potential targets for antimicrobial therapy and tetra-acyldisaccharide 4'-kinase and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic-acid transferase as vaccine candidates against A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruk T Birhanu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Na-Hye Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ju-Beom Song
- Department of Chemistry Education, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Li S, Su Z, Zhang C, Xu Z, Chang X, Zhu J, Xiao R, Li L, Zhou R. Identification of drug target candidates of the swine pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by construction of protein-protein interaction network. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:847-856. [PMID: 30047117 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Porcine pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae has led to severe economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. A. pleuropneumoniae displays various levels of antimicrobial resistance, leading to the dire need to identify new drug targets. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network can aid the identification of drug targets by discovering essential proteins during the life of bacteria. The aim of this study is to identify drug target candidates of A. pleuropneumoniae from essential proteins in PPI network. The homologous protein mapping method (HPM) was utilized to construct A. pleuropneumoniae PPI network. Afterwards, the subnetwork centered with H-NS was selected to verify the PPI network using bacterial two-hybrid assays. Drug target candidates were identified from the hub proteins by analyzing the topology of the network using interaction degree and homologous comparison with the pig proteome. An A. pleuropneumoniae PPI network containing 2737 non-redundant interaction pairs among 533 proteins was constructed. These proteins were distributed in 21 COG functional categories and 28 KEGG metabolic pathways. The A. pleuropneumoniae PPI network was scale free and the similar topological tendencies were found when compared with other bacteria PPI network. Furthermore, 56.3% of the H-NS subnetwork interactions were validated. 57 highly connected proteins (hub proteins) were identified from the A. pleuropneumoniae PPI network. Finally, 9 potential drug targets were identified from the hub proteins, with no homologs in swine. This study provides drug target candidates, which are promising for further investigations to explore lead compounds against A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhipeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhuofei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoping Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiawen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ran Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street 1, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Morioka A, Shimazaki Y, Uchiyama M, Suzuki S. Serotyping reanalysis of unserotypable Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates by agar gel diffusion test. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:723-5. [PMID: 26726101 PMCID: PMC4873870 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed increasing unserotypable (UT) Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae isolates using agar gel diffusion (AGD) test. To reanalyze
their serovar, we performed rapid slide agglutination (RSA) test and multiplex PCR for 47
UT isolates. Of these, 25 were serovar 1 (UT-serovar 1), 20 were serovar 2 (UT-serovar 2)
and 2 were serovar 15 (UT-serovar 15). We examined serotyping antigen extraction
temperature to determine heat influence. UT-serovar 1 and 15 were influenced by heat,
because their precipitation lines were observed in the case of low antigen extraction
temperature. To investigate the relationship between antigenicity and genotype, we
performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis using UT-serovar 2 and 15. The
predominant PFGE pattern of UT-serovar 2 was identical to that of serovar 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Morioka
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
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Lee KE, Choi HW, Kim HH, Song JY, Yang DK. Prevalence and Characterization ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeIsolated from Korean Pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2015.45.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | | | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
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Yoo AN, Cha SB, Shin MK, Won HK, Kim EH, Choi HW, Yoo HS. Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of the recent Korean Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
isolates. Vet Rec 2014; 174:223. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases; College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - S. B. Cha
- Department of Infectious Diseases; College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - M. K. Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases; College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - H. K. Won
- Department of Infectious Diseases; College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory Co. Ltd.; Daejeon 305-348 Korea
| | - E. H. Kim
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory Co. Ltd.; Daejeon 305-348 Korea
| | - H. W. Choi
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory Co. Ltd.; Daejeon 305-348 Korea
| | - H. S. Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases; College of Veterinary Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
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Comparative activities of selected fluoroquinolones against dynamic populations of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in an in vitro model of time-kill continuous culture experiment. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 42:544-52. [PMID: 24139884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to demonstrate and compare the impact of different pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin and difloxacin on their antimicrobial effects, their killing and re-growth kinetics, and the population dynamics of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates in an in vitro dynamic model. Selected clinical isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae and three fluoroquinolones at a range of simulated AUC(24)/MIC ratios of multiple doses were investigated. At the same simulated AUC(24)/MIC ratios of the three fluoroquinolones, the killing re-growth profile and I(E) values (intensity of the antimicrobial effect) revealed strain- and fluoroquinolone-specific effects. For example, a 31% lower I(E) of difloxacin was observed in AppK5 (biofilm-former) than in AppK2 (biofilm-non-former) at the same AUC(24)/MIC ratio of 120 h. In addition, losses in A. pleuropneumoniae susceptibility of both strains by the three fluoroquinolones were observed. AUC(24)/MPC ratios of 20.89 and 39.81 for marbofloxacin, 17.32 and 19.49 for enrofloxacin and 31.62 and 60.25 for difloxacin were estimated to be protective against the selection of AppK2 and AppK5 strain mutants, respectively. Integration of these in vitro data with published pharmacokinetics revealed the inadequacy of the conventional clinical doses of the three drugs to attain the above protective values for minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and concentration to prevent growth of 90% of the mutant subpopulation (MPC(90)). In conclusion, the results suggest optimising doses could suffice for resistant mutants control, while for biofilm-forming strains combination with biofilm-disrupting agents to reduce the MBEC to achieve AUC/MBEC ratios within the possible dosing regimens is desired.
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Archambault M, Harel J, Gouré J, Tremblay YDN, Jacques M. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance genes of Canadian isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Microb Drug Resist 2011; 18:198-206. [PMID: 22204596 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2011.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a severe and highly contagious respiratory disease responsible for economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. Although antimicrobial resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae has been recently reported in different countries, the current situation in Canada is unknown. The aim of the current study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 43 strains of A. pleuropneumoniae isolated in Canada. In addition, antimicrobial resistance genes were detected with an oligonucleotide microarray. The impact of biofilm formation on susceptibility to antimicrobials was also evaluated. All isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tilmicosin. A low level of resistance was observed toward tiamulin, penicillin, and ampicillin as well as danofloxacin. We observed a high level of resistance to chlortetracycline (88.4%) and oxytetracycline (90.7%). The strains showing resistance to tetracycline antimicrobials contained at least one of the following tet genes: tetB, tetO, tetH, or tetC. Five isolates showed multiresistance to penicillins (bla(ROB-1)), streptomycin [aph3'' (strA)], sulfonamides (sulII), and tetracyclines (tetO) antimicrobials whereas three others showed multiresistance to streptomycin [aph3'' (strA)], sulfonamides (sulII), and tetracyclines (tetB, tetO, or tetB/tetH) antimicrobials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of tetC gene in Pasteurellaceae. Finally, cells of A. pleuropneumoniae in a biofilm were 100 to 30,000 times more resistant to antimicrobials than their planktonic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Archambault
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal , St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Vanni M, Merenda M, Barigazzi G, Garbarino C, Luppi A, Tognetti R, Intorre L. Antimicrobial resistance of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from swine. Vet Microbiol 2011; 156:172-7. [PMID: 22104584 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance rates and the trend in resistance of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from pigs in Italy from 1994 to 2009. A total of 992 A. pleuropneumoniae isolates were tested for their susceptibility to a panel of antimicrobial agents in a disk diffusion method. Resistance to 7 drugs (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefquinome, cotrimoxazole, penicillin G and tilmicosin) showed a significant increasing trend over the time, while for 2 drugs (gentamycin and marbofloxacin) a significant decrease was observed. Resistance to the remaining 14 antimicrobial agents tested did not change significantly over the study period. Most of the isolates retained high susceptibility to antimicrobials usually effective against A. pleuropneumoniae such as amphenicols, fluoroquinolones and ceftiofur. However, high rates of resistance were observed for potentiated sulfa drugs, tetracyclines and penicillins which are currently recommended antimicrobials for pig pleuropneumonia therapy. Our results suggest the importance of continued monitoring of A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates in order to choose the most appropriate treatment of infections and to control the increase of resistance to currently used antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vanni
- Section of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Yang CY, Lin CN, Lin CF, Chang TC, Chiou MT. Serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and minimal inhibitory concentrations of Actionbacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from slaughter pigs in Taiwan (2002-2007). J Vet Med Sci 2010; 73:205-8. [PMID: 20948169 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In total, 211 isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae were collected from pigs with hemorrhagic pneumonia at slaughterhouses during 2002-2007. Serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for each isolate of A. pleuropneumoniae to 10 antimicrobial agents. Serovar 1 of A. pleuropneumoniae was predominant in Taiwan in 138 of the 211 isolates, followed by serovars 2 and 5. More than 90% of collected isolates were sensitive to ceftiofur, cephalothin, and chloramphenical. However, lincospectin and gentamicin were relatively less susceptible with sensitivities of only 2.4 and 5.7%, respectively. Additionally, ceftiofur had the highest in vitro activity with an MIC(50) of 2.2 µg/ml, followed by cephalothin (2.7 µg/ml) and chloramphenicol (7.9 µg/ml). Lincospectin had the least activity with MIC(50) and MIC(90) values of 73.9 and 114.5 µg/ml, respectively. The data indicate that ceftiofur and cephalothin were extremely active against A. pleuropneumoniae and with minimum MIC values. These drugs are suitable for controlling and treating hemorrhagic pleuropneumonia outbreaks in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yao Yang
- Division of Animal Medicine, Animal Technology Institute Taiwan
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Morioka A, Asai T, Nitta H, Yamamoto K, Ogikubo Y, Takahashi T, Suzuki S. Recent trends in antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of the tetracycline resistance gene in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:1261-4. [PMID: 19057148 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 101 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from diseased pigs taken from across Japan during 2002 to 2005 were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. All isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, erythromycin, florfenicol and enrofloxacin. Antimicrobial-resistant isolates to oxytetracycline (OTC) (27.7%), dihydrostreptomycin (10.9%), thiamphenicol (10.9%), kanamycin (5.9%), trimethoprim (4.0%) and ampicillin (2.0%) were recognized. OTC-resistant isolates taken from 1986 to 2005 were examined for the tetracycline resistance gene. In OTC-resistant isolates, tetB has been the most frequently isolated gene in Japan. It is likely that the dissemination of tetB has contributed to the increased OTC resistance of A. pleuropneumoniae in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Morioka
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Large amounts of antimicrobial agents are still being used in modern swine production in many countries around the world. This facilitates the emergence and development of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteria causing infections in swine have in several cases acquired resistance to a number of the agents most commonly used for treatment, making it difficult to predict the efficacy of different antimicrobial agents without prior susceptibility testing. This review gives an overview of recent susceptibility data from different parts of the world and discusses the importance of the development of resistance not only in the treatment of infections in swine but also taking into account the human health implications of antimicrobial resistance.
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Hendriksen RS, Mevius DJ, Schroeter A, Teale C, Jouy E, Butaye P, Franco A, Utinane A, Amado A, Moreno M, Greko C, Stärk KDC, Berghold C, Myllyniemi AL, Hoszowski A, Sunde M, Aarestrup FM. Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens and indicator bacteria in pigs in different European countries from year 2002 - 2004: the ARBAO-II study. Acta Vet Scand 2008; 50:19. [PMID: 18554407 PMCID: PMC2459172 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-50-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The project "Antibiotic resistance in bacteria of animal origin – II" (ARBAO-II) was funded by the European Union (FAIR5-QLK2-2002-01146) for the period 2003–05. The aim of this project was to establish a program for the continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic and indicator bacteria from food animals using validated and harmonised methodologies. In this report the first data on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria causing infections in pigs are reported. Methods Susceptibility data from 17,642 isolates of pathogens and indicator bacteria including Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis and Escherichia coli isolated from pigs were collected from fifteen European countries in 2002–2004. Results Data for A. pleuropneumoniae from infected pigs were submitted from five countries. Most of the isolates from Denmark were susceptible to all drugs tested with the exceptions of a low frequency of resistance to tetracycline and trimethoprim – sulphonamide. Data for S. suis were obtained from six countries. In general, a high level of resistance to tetracycline (48.0 – 92.0%) and erythromycin (29.1 – 75.0%) was observed in all countries whereas the level of resistance to ciprofloxacin and penicillin differed between the reporting countries. Isolates from England (and Wales), France and The Netherlands were all susceptible to penicillin. In contrast the proportion of strains resistant to ciprofloxacin ranged from 12.6 to 79.0% (2004) and to penicillin from 8.1 – 13.0% (2004) in Poland and Portugal. Data for E. coli from infected and healthy pigs were obtained from eleven countries. The data reveal a high level of resistance to tetracyclines, streptomycin and ampicillin among infected pigs whereas in healthy pigs the frequency of resistance was lower. Conclusion Bacterial resistance to some antimicrobials was frequent with different levels of resistance being observed to several antimicrobial agents in different countries. The occurrence of resistance varied distinctly between isolates from healthy and diseased pigs, with the isolates from healthy pigs generally showing a lower level of resistance than those from diseased pigs. The study suggests that the choice of antimicrobials used for the treatment of diseased animals should preferably be based on knowledge of the local pattern of resistance.
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Shin SJ, Kang SG, Nabin R, Kang ML, Yoo HS. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of florfenicol against bacteria isolated from bovine and porcine respiratory disease. Vet Microbiol 2005; 106:73-7. [PMID: 15737475 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Revised: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility of florfenicol (FFC) against 243 bacterial agents isolated in Korea from cattle and pigs with respiratory disease were investigated by agar diffusion and microdilution broth methods following the recommendations provided by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. All Actinobacillus pleuropnemoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica and 98.6% of the Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates were susceptible to FFC, which as significantly more effective than the other antibiotics used in this study. FFC also showed high in vitro antimicrobial activities (MIC(90) < or = 1 microg/ml) against all strains tested with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination ranging from 0.12 to 4 microg/ml. No resistant strains of A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida and M. haemolytica to FFC have apparently developed since the first introduction of this antibiotics for veterinary use in Korea. The results suggest that FFC is therapeutically valuable in the treatment of primary or complicating bacterial pathogens causing of the bovine and swine respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shilim 9 dong, Kwanak-ku, 151-742 Seoul, South Korea
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