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Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040618. [PMID: 35203268 PMCID: PMC8870669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.
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Mutations of p53 gene in canine sweat gland carcinomas probably associated with UV radiation. J Vet Res 2021; 65:519-526. [PMID: 35112008 PMCID: PMC8775725 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Apocrine sweat gland carcinomas (ASGCs) are rare malignant skin tumours in dogs and humans. The literature published so far focuses mostly on the clinico-epidemiological aspect of these tumours, but little is known about their pathogenesis. In this study we aimed to determine whether the p53 gene is involved in the carcinogenesis of the apocrine sweat gland in dogs and whether ultraviolet radiation (UV) is related to it.
Material and Methods
Forty canine ASGCs were submitted to laser capture microdissection to isolate neoplastic cells, from which DNA was subsequently extracted. PCR amplification and sequencing of p53 exons 2–8 was then performed, followed by computer analysis of the obtained sequences.
Results
Sixteen mutations within the p53 gene were found in 13 tumours. The mutations involved C → T, T → C, G → A, and CC → TT transitions, C → G transversion and adenine deletion, which are gene alteration types known to be related to UV radiation in the process of skin carcinogenesis in humans. Six of the thirteen tumour cases displayed the C → T transitions in the same location in exon 4 and three of the thirteen cases displayed T → C in the same location in exon 5.
Conclusion
The results of the present study indicate both the participation of the p53 gene and the influence of UV radiation in the formation of ASGCs in dogs.
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3
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Vozdova M, Kubickova S, Fictum P, Fröhlich J, Jelinek F, Rubes J. Prevalence and prognostic value of c-kit and TP53 mutations in canine mast cell tumours. Vet J 2019; 247:71-74. [PMID: 30971355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCT) are among the most frequent malignancies in dogs. Their clinical behaviour is highly variable and, with the exception of mutations in the c-kit gene, little is known about their genetic aetiology. The mutational status of the c-kit exons 8, 9 and 11, and exons 5-8 of the TP53 gene was analysed to find markers for molecular stratification of MCTs and predictors of clinical outcome. Mutations in the c-kit gene were detected in 19.5% (n = 8/41) samples and their presence was significantly associated with the high histopathological grade (P = 0.038). Mutations in the DNA binding domain of the TP53 gene were found in 14.6% (n = 6/41) of the analysed MCTs, and their frequency was similar in low and high grade MCTs (P > 0.05). TP53 mutations were not useful prognostic factors in this sample of canine cutaneous MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miluse Vozdova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Fictum
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fröhlich
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Jelinek
- Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Histopathological Laboratory, Sojovicka 16, 197 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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4
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Pawlak A, Ziolo E, Kutkowska J, Blazejczyk A, Wietrzyk J, Krupa A, Hildebrand W, Dziegiel P, Dzimira S, Obminska-Mrukowicz B, Strzadala L, Rapak A. A novel canine B-cell leukaemia cell line. Establishment, characterisation and sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1218-1231. [PMID: 27506920 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We established a new B-cell leukaemia cell line CLB70 from a dog with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. This cell line is positive for CD20, CD45, CD79a, MHC class II, IgG, IgM; weakly positive for CD21; and negative for CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD14, CD34, CD117. PCR for antigen receptor gene rearrangement (PARR) analysis revealed a biclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement and negative result for TCRγ. Western blot analysis of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins showed increased expression of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, NF-kB, and Ras, and decreased expression of p53. CLB70 cells grow rapidly in vitro and are tumourigenic in nude mice. The CLB70 line is highly sensitive to doxorubicin, less sensitive to etoposide and imatinib, and resistant to piroxicam, celecoxib and dexamethasone. Our results indicate that CLB70 cells are derived from mature B-cells and they may be a useful tool for the development of new therapeutic strategies for both dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pawlak
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - E Ziolo
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - J Kutkowska
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Blazejczyk
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - J Wietrzyk
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Krupa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - W Hildebrand
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - P Dziegiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - S Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - B Obminska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - L Strzadala
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Rapak
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
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5
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Flórez MM, Fêo HB, da Silva GN, Yamatogi RS, Aguiar AJ, Araújo JP, Rocha NS. Cell cycle kinetics, apoptosis rates and gene expressions of MDR-1, TP53, BCL-2 and BAX in transmissible venereal tumour cells and their association with therapy response. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:793-807. [PMID: 26879698 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) generally presents different degrees of aggressiveness, which makes them unresponsive to conventional treatment protocols. This implies a progressive alteration of their biological profile. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, cell survival, apoptosis and cell cycle alterations in TVT cell cultures subjected to treatment with vincristine. Similarly, it assessed possible implications of MDR-1, TP53, BCL-2, and BAX gene expressions in eight TVT primary cultures for both resistance to chemotherapy and biological behaviour. When comparing TVT cells receiving vincristine to those untreated, a statistical difference related to increased cytotoxicity and decreased survival rates, and alterations in G1 and S cell cycle phases were found but without detectable differences in apoptosis. Increased MDR-1 gene expression was observed after treatment. The groups did not differ statistically in relation to the TP53, BAX and BCL-2 genes. Although preliminary, the findings suggest that such augmented expression is related to tumour malignancy and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Flórez
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Veterinary Pathology Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - H B Fêo
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - G N da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis. Pharmacy School, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - R S Yamatogi
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) and Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Pablo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - A J Aguiar
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - J P Araújo
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) and Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Pablo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - N S Rocha
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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Souza D, Barros M, Silva J, Silva M, Coleto Z, Jimenez G, Adrião M, Wischral A. Detection of mutations within exons 4 to 8 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in canine mammary glands. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen female canines with mammary tumors and 6 normal females were used to study mutations in exons 4 to 8 of the p53 gene. DNA samples from the tumors, respective adjacent normal mammary tissue and mammary glands from healthy animals were sequenced and analyzed for the presence of mutations. Mutations were found in 71.8% of the samples and the most frequent were missense mutations. The most attacked exons in the mammary tumor were 5, 7 and 8, with 23.4, 31.6 and 23.4% mutations, respectively. Canine mammary tumors are related to mutations in gene p53 and mutations mostly occur in the region of the protein that is linked to the DNA in the cell nucleus, which can change the functionality of the cell and propitiate tumor growth. Despite being macroscopically normal, the mammary tissue adjacent to the tumors has mutations that can lead to recurrence if not removed together with the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jasik
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
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Stockmann D, Ferrari HF, Andrade AL, Cardoso TC, Luvizotto MCR. Detection of the tumour suppressor gene TP53 and expression of p53, Bcl-2 and p63 proteins in canine transmissible venereal tumour. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 9:251-9. [PMID: 22077405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2010.00260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a neoplasm transmitted among healthy dogs by direct contact with injured skin and/or mucous tissue. This study aimed to identify the TP53 gene, messenger RNA (mRNA) as well as the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and p63 proteins in histological sections of 13 CTVT samples at different stages of evolution. The in situ hybridization (ISH) and in situ reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were used, which showed the DNA homologous to TP53 and its respective mRNA in 92.3% of the samples. We detected p53, p63 and Bcl-2 proteins in most of the cell samples in different grades of intensity. In addition, 46% of the samples were in the progressive and 54% in the regression phase. This is the first description of these proteins and a detailed study of their role in CTVT cells needs to be addressed in or to verify how these cells undergo apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stockmann
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, University of São Paulo State, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vázquez-Mota N, Simón-Martínez J, Córdova-Alarcon E, Lagunes L, Fajardo R. The T963C mutation of TP53 gene does not participate in the clonal origin of canine TVT. Vet Res Commun 2007; 32:187-91. [PMID: 17668284 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-9013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In dogs, the canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is the only neoplasm which is not produced by neoplastic transformation of normal cells; the tumor is transmitted from the affected dog to healthy dogs by implantation of one or various clones of cancer cells. Thus, the CTVT of dogs analyzed in various countries reveals similar genetic characteristics and consequently CTVT is considered to have a clonal origin. The CTVTs obtained from dogs in Korea showed the T963C mutation on TP53 gene; this mutation was thought to be a molecular alteration which participates in the origin of the ancestral clone, CTVT. Nonetheless, this supposed mutation has not been identified in other studies which were carried out for the purpose of clarifying the clonal origin of CTVT. Thus we have considered it important to identify the role of the T963C mutation of the TP53 gene in the clonal origin of CTVT in dogs. Consequently the region which includes the mutation of the TP53 gene in twenty samples of CTVT obtained from various canine breeds was PCR amplified and afterwards its sequence of nucleotides was determined. We conclude that this mutation did not participate in the clonal origin of the tumor, but was acquired at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vázquez-Mota
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera de cuota Toluca-Atlacomulco, Kilómetro 15.5, C.P. 50200 Toluca Edo, Mexico
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