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Yu CH, Song DH, Choi JY, Joe HE, Jeong WH, Hur GH, Shin YK, Jeong ST. A mutated recombinant subunit vaccine protects mice and guinea pigs against botulinum type A intoxication. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:329-336. [PMID: 29140753 PMCID: PMC5806659 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1405201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins to mammals. A toxoid vaccine was previously used for prevention of botulinum intoxication; however, this vaccine is no longer available. Currently, no approved botulinum vaccines are available from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recently, a recombinant host cell receptor-binding subunit created for use as a potential vaccine completed phase 2 clinical trials. The current study designed a vaccine candidate against BoNT type A (BoNT/A) using a structural design. Our vaccine candidate was the BoNT/A heavy chain C-terminal region (HCR) that contained the point mutation BA15 (R1269A) within the ganglioside-binding site. A Biacore affinity test showed that the affinity of BA15 for ganglioside GT1b was 100 times lower than that of the HCR. A SNAP25 cleavage assay revealed that immunized sera blocked SNAP25 cleavage of the BoNT/A toxin via BA15. In an in vivo experiment, mice and guinea pigs immunized with BA15 produced neutralizing antibodies that protected against 3,000 LD50 of BoNT/A. In conclusion, the results of both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that our BA15 vaccine candidate was similar to the recombinant host cell receptor-binding subunit vaccine. The inability of BA15to bind ganglioside shows that BA15 is a potential safe vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ho Yu
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Song
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Abion R&D Institute, Hanhwa Biz-Metro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Eun Joe
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyeon Jeong
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeung Haeng Hur
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Dajeon, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Tae Jeong
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Vaccines against Botulism. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9090268. [PMID: 28869493 PMCID: PMC5618201 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9090268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) cause the flaccid paralysis of botulism by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from motor neurons. There are seven serotypes of BoNT (A-G), with limited therapies, and no FDA approved vaccine for botulism. An investigational formalin-inactivated penta-serotype-BoNT/A-E toxoid vaccine was used to vaccinate people who are at high risk of contracting botulism. However, this formalin-inactivated penta-serotype-BoNT/A-E toxoid vaccine was losing potency and was discontinued. This article reviews the different vaccines being developed to replace the discontinued toxoid vaccine. These vaccines include DNA-based, viral vector-based, and recombinant protein-based vaccines. DNA-based vaccines include plasmids or viral vectors containing the gene encoding one of the BoNT heavy chain receptor binding domains (HC). Viral vectors reviewed are adenovirus, influenza virus, rabies virus, Semliki Forest virus, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus. Among the potential recombinant protein vaccines reviewed are HC, light chain-heavy chain translocation domain, and chemically or genetically inactivated holotoxin.
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3
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Bano L, Drigo I, Tonon E, Pascoletti S, Puiatti C, Anniballi F, Auricchio B, Lista F, Montecucco C, Agnoletti F. Identification and characterization of Clostridium botulinum group III field strains by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Anaerobe 2017; 48:126-134. [PMID: 28802703 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal botulism is primarily due to botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) types C, D or their chimeric variants C/D or D/C, produced by Clostridium botulinum group III, which appears to include the genetically indistinguishable Clostridium haemolyticum and Clostridium novyi. In the present study, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) to identify and characterize 81 BoNT-producing Clostridia isolated in 47 episodes of animal botulism. The instrument's default database, containing no entries for Clostridium botulinum, permitted reliable identification of 26 strains at the genus level. Although supplementation of the database with reference strains enhanced the instrument's ability to identify the neurotoxic strains at the genus level, resolution was not sufficient to recognize field strains at species level. Characterization by MALDI TOF confirmed the well-documented phenotypic and genetic differences between Clostridium botulinum strains of serotypes normally implicated in human botulism (A, B, E, F) and other Clostridium species able to produce BoNTs type C and D. The chimeric and non-chimeric field strains grouped separately. In particular, very low similarity was found between two non-chimeric type C field strains isolated in the same outbreak and the other field strains. This difference was comparable with the differences among the various Clostridia species included in the study. Characterization by MALDI TOF confirmed that BoNT-producing Clostridia isolated from animals are closely related and indistinguishable at the species level from Clostridium haemolyticum and Clostridium novyi reference strains. On the contrary, there seem to be substantial differences among chimeric and some non-chimeric type C strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bano
- Diagnostic and Microbiology Veterinary Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Villorba di Treviso, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Drigo
- Diagnostic and Microbiology Veterinary Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Villorba di Treviso, Italy
| | - Elena Tonon
- Diagnostic and Microbiology Veterinary Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Villorba di Treviso, Italy
| | - Simone Pascoletti
- Diagnostic and Microbiology Veterinary Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Villorba di Treviso, Italy
| | - Cinzia Puiatti
- Diagnostic and Microbiology Veterinary Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Villorba di Treviso, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Anniballi
- National Reference Center for Botulism, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Bruna Auricchio
- National Reference Center for Botulism, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Roma, Italy
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Agnoletti
- Diagnostic and Microbiology Veterinary Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Villorba di Treviso, Italy
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Arimitsu H, Sasaki K, Kohda T, Shimizu T, Tsuji T. Evaluation of Shiga toxin 2e-specific chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin: production and neutralization activity. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 58:643-8. [PMID: 25175999 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e), a major cause of swine edema disease, was prepared to evaluate its possible clinical applications. The titer of Stx2e-specific IgY in egg yolk derived from three chickens that had been immunized with an Stx2e toxoid increased 2 weeks after primary immunization and remained high until 90 days after this immunization. Anti-Stx2e IgY was found to neutralize the toxicity of Stx2e by reacting with its A and B subunits, indicating that IgY is a cost-effective agent to develop for prophylactic foods or diagnosis kits for edema disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Arimitsu
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192
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Miyata K, Suzuki T, Hayashi S, Miyashita SI, Ohyama T, Niwa K, Watanabe T, Sagane Y. Hemagglutinin gene shuffling amongClostridium botulinumserotypes C and D yields distinct sugar recognition of the botulinum toxin complex. Pathog Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Anniballi F, Auricchio B, Woudstra C, Fach P, Fiore A, Skarin H, Bano L, Segerman B, Knutsson R, De Medici D. Multiplex real-time PCR for detecting and typing Clostridium botulinum group III organisms and their mosaic variants. Biosecur Bioterror 2014; 11 Suppl 1:S207-14. [PMID: 23971808 DOI: 10.1089/bsp.2012.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease that can occur in all warm-blooded animals, birds, and fishes. The disease in animals is mainly caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum strains belonging to group III, although outbreaks due to toxins produced by group I and II organisms have been recognized. Group III strains are capable of producing botulinum toxins of type C, D, and C/D and D/C mosaic variants. Definitive diagnosis of animal botulism is made by combining clinical findings with laboratory investigations. Detection of toxins in clinical specimens and feed is the gold standard for laboratory diagnosis. Since toxins may be degraded by organisms contained in the gastrointestinal tract or may be present at levels below the detection limit, the recovery of C. botulinum from sick animal specimens is consistent for laboratory confirmation. In this article we report the development and in-house validation of a new multiplex real-time PCR for detecting and typing the neurotoxin genes found in C. botulinum group III organisms. Validation procedures have been carried out according to ISO 16140, using strains and samples recovered from cases of animal botulism in Italy and France.
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Anniballi F, Fiore A, Löfström C, Skarin H, Auricchio B, Woudstra C, Bano L, Segerman B, Koene M, Båverud V, Hansen T, Fach P, Tevell Aberg A, Hedeland M, Olsson Engvall E, De Medici D. Management of animal botulism outbreaks: from clinical suspicion to practical countermeasures to prevent or minimize outbreaks. Biosecur Bioterror 2014; 11 Suppl 1:S191-9. [PMID: 23971806 DOI: 10.1089/bsp.2012.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease that affects humans, all warm-blooded animals, and some fishes. The disease is caused by exposure to toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum and other botulinum toxin-producing clostridia. Botulism in animals represents a severe environmental and economic concern because of its high mortality rate. Moreover, meat or other products from affected animals entering the food chain may result in a public health problem. To this end, early diagnosis is crucial to define and apply appropriate veterinary public health measures. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical findings eliminating other causes of neuromuscular disorders and on the absence of internal lesions observed during postmortem examination. Since clinical signs alone are often insufficient to make a definitive diagnosis, laboratory confirmation is required. Botulinum antitoxin administration and supportive therapies are used to treat sick animals. Once the diagnosis has been made, euthanasia is frequently advisable. Vaccine administration is subject to health authorities' permission, and it is restricted to a small number of animal species. Several measures can be adopted to prevent or minimize outbreaks. In this article we outline all phases of management of animal botulism outbreaks occurring in wet wild birds, poultry, cattle, horses, and fur farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Anniballi
- Fabrizio Anniballi, CLT, is a Laboratory Technician; Alfonsina Fiore, PhD, is a Researcher; Bruna Auricchio, CLT, is a Laboratory Technician; and Dario De Medici, PhD, is Senior Researcher, all at Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Rome, Italy. Charlotta Löfström, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, and Trine Hansen, MSc, is a PhD student, both at the National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søborg, Denmark. Hanna Skarin, MSc, is a Research Assistant; Bo Segerman, PhD, is is a Researcher; Viveca Båverud, PhD, is Associate Professor; Eva Olsson Engvall, PhD, is Associate Professor; all in the Department of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden. Cédric Woudstra, MSc, is an Engineer, and Patrick Fach, PhD, is Head of the High Throughput qPCR Platform IdentyPath, both at the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Food Safety Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France. Luca Bano, PhD, is Veterinary Officer, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory of Treviso, Treviso, Italy. Miriam Koene, DVM, is a Scientist, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre (CVI) , Lelystad, the Netherlands. Annica Tevell Åberg, PhD, is a Senior Researcher, and Mikael Hedeland, PhD, is Associate Professor and Deputy Head of the Department, Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
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Gil LAF, da Cunha CEP, Moreira GMSG, Salvarani FM, Assis RA, Lobato FCF, Mendonça M, Dellagostin OA, Conceição FR. Production and evaluation of a recombinant chimeric vaccine against clostridium botulinum neurotoxin types C and D. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69692. [PMID: 23936080 PMCID: PMC3729698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine botulism is a fatal disease that is caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by Clostridium botulinum serotypes C and D and that causes great economic losses, with nearly 100% lethality during outbreaks. It has also been considered a potential source of human food-borne illness in many countries. Vaccination has been reported to be the most effective way to control bovine botulism. However, the commercially available toxoid-based vaccines are difficult and hazardous to produce. Neutralizing antibodies targeted against the C-terminal fragment of the BoNT heavy chain (HC) are known to confer efficient protection against lethal doses of BoNTs. In this study, a novel recombinant chimera, consisting of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB), a strong adjuvant of the humoral immune response, fused to the HC of BoNT serotypes C and D, was produced in E. coli. Mice vaccinated with the chimera containing LTB and an equivalent molar ratio of the chimera without LTB plus aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) developed 2 IU/mL of antitoxins for both serotypes. Guinea pigs immunized with the recombinant chimera with LTB plus Al(OH)3 developed a protective immune response against both BoNT/C (5 IU/mL) and BoNT/D (10 IU/mL), as determined by a mouse neutralization bioassay with pooled sera. The results achieved with guinea pig sera fulfilled the requirements of commercial vaccines for prevention of botulism, as determined by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food, Supply. The presence of LTB was essential for the development of a strong humoral immune response, as it acted in synergism with Al(OH)3. Thus, the vaccine described in this study is a strong candidate for the control of botulism in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A. F. Gil
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo P. da Cunha
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M. S. G. Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe M. Salvarani
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ronnie A. Assis
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Mendonça
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Odir A. Dellagostin
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio R. Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Tsukamoto K, Arimitsu H, Ochi S, Nakamura K, Tanaka Y, Nuemket N, Taniguchi K, Kozaki S, Tsuji T. P19 embryonal carcinoma cells exhibit high sensitivity to botulinum type C and D/C mosaic neurotoxins. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 56:664-72. [PMID: 22738015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) inhibit neurotransmitter release at peripheral nerve terminals. They are serologically classified from A to G, C/D and D/C mosaic neurotoxins forming further subtypes of serotypes C and D. Cultured primary neurons, as well as neuronal cell lines such as PC12 and Neuro-2a, are often utilized in cell-based experiments on the toxic action of botulinum toxins. However, there are very few reports of the use of neural cell lines for studying BoNTs/C and D. In addition, the differentiated P19 neuronal cell line, which possesses cholinergic properties, has yet to be tested for its susceptibility to BoNTs. Here, the responsiveness of differentiated P19 cells to BoNT/C and BoNT/DC is reported. Both BoNT/C and BoNT/DC were shown to effectively bind to, and be internalized by, neurons derived from P19 cells. Subsequently, the intracellular substrates for BoNT/C and BoNT/DC were cleaved by treatment of the cells with the toxins in a ganglioside-dependent manner. Moreover, P19 neurons exhibited high sensitivity to BoNT/C and BoNT/DC, to the same extent as cultured primary neurons. These findings suggest that differentiated P19 cells possess full sensitivity to BoNT/C and BoNT/DC, thus making them a novel susceptible cell line for research into BoNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tsukamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 , Japan
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Anniballi F, Auricchio B, Delibato E, Antonacci M, De Medici D, Fenicia L. Multiplex real-time PCR SYBR Green for detection and typing of group III Clostridium botulinum. Vet Microbiol 2011; 154:332-8. [PMID: 21890285 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum type C and type D belonging to the group III organisms, are mainly responsible for animal botulism outbreaks. Clinical signs alone are often insufficient to make a diagnosis of botulism and a laboratory confirmation is required. Laboratory confirmation can be performed by demonstrating the presence of botulinum neurotoxins in serum, gastrointestinal contents, liver, wound of sick or dead animals, or by demonstrating the presence of C. botulinum in gastrointestinal contents, liver, and wound. Demonstration of spores in gastrointestinal contents or tissue of animals with clinical signs indicative of botulism reinforces the clinical diagnosis. With the aim of detecting and typing C. botulinum group III organisms, a multiplex real-time PCR SYBR Green was developed and in-house validated. Selectivity, limit of detection, relative accuracy, relative specificity, relative sensitivity, and repeatability of the method were investigated. The multiplex real-time PCR SYBR green used showed a 100% selectivity, 100% relative accuracy, 100% relative specificity, 100% relative sensitivity and a limit of detection of 277 and 580 DNA copies for C. botulinum type C and C. botulinum type D, respectively. The method reported here represents a suitable tool for laboratory diagnosis of type C and D botulism and for testing a large number of samples collected during the animal botulism surveillance and prevention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Anniballi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, National Reference Centre for Botulism, Viale Regina Elena, 299 - 00161 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
A replication-incompetent adenoviral vector encoding the heavy chain C-fragment (HC50) of botulinum neurotoxin type C (BoNT/C) was evaluated as a mucosal vaccine against botulism in a mouse model. Single intranasal inoculation of the adenoviral vector elicited a high level of HC50-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a in sera and IgA in mucosal secretions as early as 2 weeks after vaccination. The antigen-specific serum antibodies were maintained at a high level at least until the 27th week. Immune sera showed high potency in neutralizing BoNT/C as indicated by in vitro toxin neutralization assay. The mice receiving single dose of 2 × 107 p.f.u. (plaque-forming unit) of adenoviral vector were completely protected against challenge with up to 104 × MLD50 of BoNT/C. The protective immunity showed vaccine dose dependence from 105 to 2 × 107 p.f.u. of adenoviral vector. In addition, animals receiving single intranasal dose of 2 × 107 p.f.u. adenoviral vector could be protected against 100 × MLD50 27 weeks after vaccination. Animals with preexisting immunity to adenovirus could also be vaccinated intranasally and protected against lethal challenge with BoNT/C. These results suggest that the adenoviral vector is a highly effective gene-based mucosal vaccine against botulism.
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Zhou B, Pellett S, Tepp WH, Zhou H, Johnson EA, Janda KD. Delineating the susceptibility of botulinum neurotoxins to denaturation through thermal effects. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:1526-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most toxic proteins for humans and are classified as category A toxins. There are seven serotypes of BoNTs defined by the lack of cross-serotype toxin neutralization. Thus, an effective vaccine must neutralize each BoNT serotype. BoNTs are organized as dichain A-B toxins, where the N-terminal domain (light chain) is a zinc metalloprotease targeting soluble NSF attachment receptor proteins that is linked to the C-terminal domain (heavy chain [HC]) by a disulfide bond. The HC comprises a translocation domain and a C-terminal receptor binding domain (HCR). HCRs of the seven serotypes of BoNTs (hepta-HCR) were engineered for expression in Escherichia coli, and each HCR was purified from E. coli lysates. Immunization of mice with the E. coli-derived hepta-serotype HCR vaccine elicited an antibody response to each of the seven BoNT HCRs and neutralized challenge by 10,000 50% lethal doses of each of the seven BoNT serotypes. A solid-phase assay showed that the anti-hepta-serotype HCR sera inhibited the binding of HCR serotypes A and B to the ganglioside GT1b, the first step in BoNT intoxication of neurons. This is the first E. coli-derived vaccine that effectively neutralizes each of the seven BoNT serotypes.
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Webb RP, Smith TJ, Wright PM, Montgomery VA, Meagher MM, Smith LA. Protection with recombinant Clostridium botulinum C1 and D binding domain subunit (Hc) vaccines against C and D neurotoxins. Vaccine 2007; 25:4273-82. [PMID: 17395341 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant botulinum Hc (rBoNT Hc) vaccines for serotypes C1 and D were produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris and used to determine protection against four distinct BoNT C and D toxin subtypes. Mice were vaccinated with rBoNT/C1 Hc, rBoNT/D Hc, or with a combination of both vaccines and challenged with BoNT C1, D, C/D, or D/C toxin. Mice receiving monovalent vaccinations were partially or completely protected against homologous toxin and not protected against heterologous toxin. Bivalent vaccine candidates completely survived challenges from all toxins except D/C toxin. These results indicate the recombinant C1 and D Hc vaccines are not only effective in a monovalent formula but offer complete protection against both parental and C/D mosaic toxin and partial protection against D/C mosaic toxin when delivered as a bivalent vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Bacterial Vaccines/genetics
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Botulinum Toxins/genetics
- Botulinum Toxins/immunology
- Botulism/immunology
- Botulism/prevention & control
- Clostridium botulinum/genetics
- Clostridium botulinum/immunology
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pichia/genetics
- Pichia/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Webb
- Integrated Toxicology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
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