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Ishiyama D, Yamamoto K, Kikuchi M, Magata F, Takahashi K, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Fujiwara R, Mochizuki M, Inokuma H. Congenital syringohydromyelia in a crossbred (Holstein-Friesian × Japanese Black) beef calf. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:31-35. [PMID: 34866093 PMCID: PMC8810326 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-day-old male crossbred beef calf presented with a well-coordinated bilateral hopping gait of the hind limbs. Postmortem CT showed a poorly defined oval-shaped region at the L3–L4 spinal segments, which had high signal intensity on T2 weighted postmortem MRI images. On pathological examination, we identified a large cystic cavity filled with a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid on the cut surface of the spinal region. Histopathological examination revealed that the spinal cord parenchyma was compressed by the cystic structure, and the cystic cavity was lined with a thin layer of discrete ependymal cells, indicating syringohydromyelia. This is the first reported case of a Holstein-Friesian × Japanese Black crossbred calf with solitary syringohydromyelia. Our findings suggest that myelodysplasia with cystic cavities can be suspected by CT, without the need for MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Ishiyama
- Yachiyo Branch Office, Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Agricultural Mutual Aid Association
| | - Kie Yamamoto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masato Kikuchi
- Yachiyo Branch Office, Western Veterinary Clinical Center, Chiba Prefectural Agricultural Mutual Aid Association
| | - Fumie Magata
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - James K Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Reina Fujiwara
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Manabu Mochizuki
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hisashi Inokuma
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Hironaka K, Imai S, Kashimura A, Matsumoto H, Inenaga T, Moritomo Y. Tethered spinal cord related to caudal spinal dysraphism in a tailless Holstein calf. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1816-1820. [PMID: 33191387 PMCID: PMC7804041 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare dysraphic caudal spinal anomaly, or caudal agenesis, comprising a tethered spinal cord, was found in a tailless Holstein calf that presented ataxia and
paresis with analgesia of the hind limbs. The gently and slimly tapered conus medullaris was poorly formed between S2 and S3 which indicated that it was lying
more caudally. The caudal end of the filum terminale adhered to the inner periosteum of the vertebral arch at S4, which is compatible with tethering of the
spinal cord. The dysraphic changes from the secondary neurulation error and the longitudinal deranged cord morphology that may have been caused by the caudad
traction due to tethering were confirmed. This represents the first bovine case with definitive morphological confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hironaka
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Higashiku, Toroku, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Saki Imai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Higashiku, Toroku, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kashimura
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Higashiku, Toroku, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsumoto
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Higashiku, Toroku, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Inenaga
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Higashiku, Toroku, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Yasuo Moritomo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Higashiku, Toroku, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
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Otomaru K, Ono K, Wataya K, Akioka K, Ando T, Yabuki A, Kubota C, Miyoshi N, Kawasaki Y. Hydromyelia in a Japanese Black calf. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1983-1985. [PMID: 29081477 PMCID: PMC5745176 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A Japanese Black calf, manifested by clinical signs of inability to stand and extending
hind limbs after birth, was investigated clinically and pathologically. In the
neurological inspection, gastrocnemius reflex and patellar tendon reflex of the right hind
limb were hyperactive, and gastrocnemius reflex and crossed extension reflex of the left
hind limb were also hyperactive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination showed a
cavity in the cord at the area of the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae in T2-weighted
imaging. After the calf was euthanized, necropsy confirmed the swelling of the spinal cord
at the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. The histopathological examination confirmed that
the central canal remained open, and the inner surface of central canal was lined with
ependymal cells. Therefore, this calf was diagnosed to have hydromyelia of the lumbar
cord. This study indicated that MRI was useful for diagnosing myelodysplasia such as
hydoromyelia. This is the first report of hydoromyelia in Japanese Black calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konosuke Otomaru
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ono
- Chubu Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 2103 Arikawa, Kirishima, Kagoshima 899-6401, Japan
| | - Kenta Wataya
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kohei Akioka
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ando
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Chikara Kubota
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Noriaki Miyoshi
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kawasaki
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Tokudome K, Ito S, Kato T, Yanase T, Kawarasaki T, Moritomo Y. Segmental spinal dysgenesis with caudal agenesis in a Holstein calf. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:277-281. [PMID: 27980290 PMCID: PMC5326931 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare complex dysraphic malformation, comprising segmental spinal dysgenesis with caudal
agenesis, was found in a Holstein calf that was unable to stand and was slightly short at
the lumbosacral spine with taillessness. The thoracolumbar and sacrococcygeal regions of
the midline axial segments showed severe deformities. In the spinal cord, the
thoracolumbar region showed severe constriction with myelodysplastic changes, and the
sacrococcygeal region showed dorsoventral separation with connection to a neural mass. In
the spine, vertebral anomalies according to the degree of the segmentation error were
confirmed. The cervical and thoracic segments also showed milder dysraphic changes. These
changes suggest a multisegmental causal insult impairing the early embryonic notochord.
This represents the first bovine case definitively confirmed morphologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Tokudome
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1, Higashiku, Toroku, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
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Burgstaller J, Thaller D, Leeb T, Schlesinger P, Kofler J. Syringomyelia in a Newborn Male Simmental Calf. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1633-7. [PMID: 26478221 PMCID: PMC4895670 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Burgstaller
- University Clinic for RuminantsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - D. Thaller
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - T. Leeb
- Institute of GeneticsVetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - J. Kofler
- University Clinic for RuminantsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
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Binanti D, Fantinato E, De Zani D, Riccaboni P, Pravettoni D, Zani DD. Segmental spinal cord hypoplasia in a Holstein Friesian calf. Anat Histol Embryol 2012; 42:316-20. [PMID: 23094595 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An 8-day-old female Holstein Friesian calf was examined because of congenital spastic paresis of the hind limbs. Myelography revealed deviation and thinning of subarachnoid contrast medium columns in the lumbar segment. Upon magnetic resonance imaging, the 'hour-glass' subdural compression appeared as a T1-hypointense, T2-hyperintense ovoidal area suggestive of cerebral spinal fluid collection, compatible with hydrosyringomyelia. The calf was euthanized and the necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of segmental spinal cord hypoplasia of the lumbar tract associated to hydromyelic and syringomyelic cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Binanti
- Reparto di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale Veterinario Universitario, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università, 6 - 26900, Lodi, Italy.
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Testoni S, Mazzariol S, Daniele DP, Gentile A. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of syringohydromyelia and segmental hypoplasia of the lumbar spinal cord in a calf. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:1485-9. [PMID: 23039936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Testoni
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
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Polledo L, García Marín JF, Martínez-Fernández B, González J, Alonso J, Salceda W, García-Iglesias MJ. Recurrent outbreaks of myelodysplasia in newborn calves. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:479-85. [PMID: 22520815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study records recurrent outbreaks of myelodysplasia of unknown origin occurring in a specific geographical location in the north of Spain, and involving up to 30% of the calves born in affected herds. The affected calves were of different breeds and displayed non-progressive signs of spinal cord dysfunction. The disease has occurred annually in February-March over a period of at least 15 years. Only calves born to cattle grazed on mountainside pastures and under high grazing pressure were affected. Seven calves were subjected to necropsy examination. Myelodysplasia was not associated with vertebral defects or arthrogryposis and involved the entire length of the spinal cord. Microscopically, there was abnormal distribution of the grey matter, aberrations of the central canal and failure of formation of the ventral median fissure. Infectious, nutritional and physical disorders were ruled out as possible aetiologies. A critical period of embryonic susceptibility to the causal agent was identified. This was during the time of secondary neurulation when cows in the early stages of gestation were grazed on mountainside pastures. Consequently, the presence of neuroteratogenic plants in these pastures is proposed as a likely cause. Two plants, Carex brevicollis and Erythronium dens-canis, which contain alkaloids, were identified on the mountainsides where affected cattle were grazed and not in other pastures, and are proposed as the possible aetiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Polledo
- Pathological Anatomy Section, Animal Health Department, University of León, León 24007, Spain.
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