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Kanno T, Kurotaki T, Yamada N, Tomonari Y, Sato J, Tsuchitani M, Kobayashi Y. Supplemental study on 2', 3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase (CNPase) activity in developing rat spinal cord lesions induced by hexachlorophene and cuprizone. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1368-1372. [PMID: 31447458 PMCID: PMC6785608 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that 2’, 3’-Cyclic Nucleotide 3’-Phosphodiesterase (CNPase) expression is induced in different temporal patterns in the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla
oblongata of hexachlorophene (HCP) and cuprizone (CPZ) treated rats. Here, we additionally examined the histopathological changes and CNPase expression in the spinal cord to clarify the
reproducibility of different temporal patterns of CNPase expression in the spinal cord showing low degree or lack of spongy changes. Spongy changes were observed in HCP-treated rats, but not
in CPZ-treated rats. Immunohistochemistry showed that intense expression of CNPase was not induced following HCP or CPZ treatment. Our data reveal that expression intensity of CNPase may be
dependent on the degree of HCP- and CPZ-induced damage of the myelin sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kanno
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kurotaki
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Naoaki Yamada
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Yuki Tomonari
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Junko Sato
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuchitani
- Pathology Department, Kashima Laboratory, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Makhdoumi P, Hossini H, Ashraf GM, Limoee M. Molecular Mechanism of Aniline Induced Spleen Toxicity and Neuron Toxicity in Experimental Rat Exposure: A Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:201-213. [PMID: 30081786 PMCID: PMC6425079 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180803164238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aniline exposure leads to neuron and spleen toxicity specifically and makes diverse neurological effects and sar-coma that is defined by splenomegaly, hyperplasia, and fibrosis and tumors formation at the end. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of aniline-induced spleen toxicity is not understood well, previous studies have represented that aniline expo-sure results in iron overload and initiation of oxidative/nitrosative disorder stress and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA subsequently, in the spleen. Elevated expression of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and phosphorylation of pRB protein along with increases in A, B and CDK1 as a cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclins, and reduce in CDK inhibitors (p21 and p27) could be critical in cell cycle regulation, which contributes to tumorigenic response after aniline exposure. Aniline-induced splenic toxicity is corre-lated to oxidative DNA damage and initiation of DNA glycosylases expression (OGG1, NEIL1/2, NTH1, APE1 and PNK) for removal of oxidative DNA lesions in rat. Oxidative stress causes transcriptional up-regulation of fibrogenic/inflammatory factors (cytokines, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) via induction of nuclear factor-kappa B, AP-1 and redox-sensitive transcription factors, in aniline treated-rats. The upstream signalling events as phosphorylation of IκB kinases (IKKα and IKKβ) and mito-gen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) could potentially be the causes of activation of NF-κB and AP-1. All of these events could initiate a fibrogenic and/or tumorigenic response in the spleen. The spleen toxicity of aniline is studied more and the different mechanisms are suggested. This review summarizes those events following aniline exposure that induce spleen tox-icity and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouran Makhdoumi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hooshyar Hossini
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mojtaba Limoee
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Rivero R, Matto C, Soares MP, Adrien MDL. Accidental and experimental Closantel intoxication in Uruguayan sheep. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract An outbreak of Closantel intoxication in sheep in Uruguay is described. The outbreak occurred in a group of 1300 weaning lambs treated orally with a 10% solution of Closantel. One hundred forty eight lambs showed clinical signs of intoxication and 14 died. The clinical signs included mydriasis, nystagmus, and negative pupillary reflex, bilateral blindness, bump into objects, and lateral movement of the head. No macroscopic lesions were observed. The histological lesions of the retina were cytoplasmic vacuolization in ganglion cells and in cells of the inner and outer nuclear layers with different degrees of atrophy. Vacuolization and axonal degeneration were observed in the optic nerve, with multifocal areas of fibrosis and infiltration by lymphocytes and Gitter cells. To reproduce the intoxication, four sheep were given two, four and 10 times the therapeutic dose of Closantel (0.1g/kg of BW). Only the animals receiving 10 times the recommended dose showed clinical signs. The histological examination of the lesions in experimental sheep showed similar results to those described in the accidental outbreak, except for the absence of optic nerve fibrosis and inflammation, characterizing an acute phase. Axonal myelin sheaths loss, fibroblasts and collagen fibers were observed in the ultrastructural study of the optic nerve of accidental intoxicated animals. The optic nerve of experimentally intoxicated animals had vacuoles that separated the myelin sheaths of axons. To prevent outbreaks it is suggested to weigh the animals before Closantel administration to avoid errors in dose calculation.
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Kanno T, Kurotaki T, Yamada N, Yamashita K, Wako Y, Tsuchitani M. Activity of 2′, 3′-Cyclic Nucleotide 3′-Phosphodiesterase (CNPase) in Spinal Cord with Spongy Change Induced by a Single Oral Dose of Aniline in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 38:359-65. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623310362245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A spongy change in the spinal cord white matter was observed in four-week-old rats treated with aniline. Although this change was found to be a result of the myelin sheath splitting at the ultrastructural level, the mechanism is unknown. This study was conducted to identify the mechanism of the spongy change in aniline-treated rats. The spongy change in the spinal cord white matter was first detected on day 5 in the histopathologic examination. The incidence and severity of the lesions, especially in the lateral and ventral funiculi of the thoracic spinal cord white matter, increased prominently from day 8 to day 10. In all rats, immunohistochemical staining by anti-2′, 3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) occurred along the cytoplasmic boundaries of the normal oligodendroglia. However, mild to moderate anti-CNPase staining extended to the swollen cytoplasm of the oligodendroglia in the aniline-treated rats from day 2 to day 4. In the electron microscopic examination, free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticula in the cytoplasm of the oligodendroglia increased on days 3 and 4. These changes were considered to be related to CNPase expression. However, CNPase expression decreased, whereas the spongy changes were detected from day 5. The reduction in CNPase expression may contribute to the changes in the myelin morphology observed in aniline intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kanno
- Kashima Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corp., Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kurotaki
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Naoaki Yamada
- Kashima Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corp., Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamashita
- Kashima Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corp., Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - Yumi Wako
- Kashima Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corp., Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuchitani
- Kashima Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corp., Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki-ken, Japan
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Okazaki Y, Yamashita K, Ishii H, Sudo M, Tsuchitani M. Potential of neurotoxicity after a single oral dose of 4-bromo-, 4-chloro-, 4-fluoro- or 4-iodoaniline in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2003; 23:315-22. [PMID: 12975770 DOI: 10.1002/jat.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The potential for neurotoxicity after a single oral dose of four halogenated aniline derivatives--4-bromoaniline (4-BA), 4-chloroaniline (4-CA), 4- fluoroaniline (4-FA) and 4-iodoaniline (4-IA)--was given to rats was investigated at or near the lethal dosage level. Hindlimb paralysis was found in the 4-BA, 4-CA and 4-FA groups on clinical observation, with the maximum incidence of 100% in the 4-BA and 4-FA groups and 66.7% in the 4-CA group. Detailed clinical observations with functional tests identified the following effects: reduced response of hindlimb extensor thrust, gait abnormality in the open field and decreased grip strength in the fore- or hindlimbs in the 4-BA, 4-CA and 4-FA groups; decreased number of supported rearing episodes in the open field in the 4-BA and 4-CA groups; abnormal landing in the aerial righting reflex in the 4-BA and 4-FA groups; and prolonged surface righting reflex in the 4-BA group. Spongy change in the white matter of the spinal cord and brainstem and nerve fibre degeneration in the peripheral nerves were found in all haloaniline-treated groups. The central and peripheral nervous systems were most severely affected in the 4-BA group and the lesions in the 4-IA group were limited in grade. This study demonstrates that a bolus dose of 4-haloanilines to rats induces a neurotoxicity similar in character to that evoked by the parent aniline. The decreasing order of neurotoxic potential appears to be 4-BA >> 4-FA > or = 4-CA >> 4-IA when comparing at or near the lethal dosage level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Okazaki
- Mitsubishi Chemical Safety Institute Ltd., 14 Sunayama, Hasaki, Kashima, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan.
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