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Faustino-Rocha AI, Seixas F, Ferreira R, Silva J, Pires MJ, Fardilha M, Ginja MÁ, Oliveira PA. Ultrasonographic Follow-up of the Multistep Protocol for Prostate Cancer Induction in Wistar Rats. In Vivo 2021; 34:1797-1803. [PMID: 32606149 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM This work intended to improve the knowledge of the rat model of prostate cancer (PCa) by ultrasonographic monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into control (n=8) and PCa (n=14) groups. PCa development was induced in the PCa group through the sequential administration of the anti-androgenic drug flutamide, testosterone propionate and the carcinogenic N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. The prostate was evaluated by ultrasonography at five timepoints along 49 weeks of the experimental protocol. Ventral prostate lobes were observed in all ultrasonographic examinations. RESULTS The ventral prostate area of the control group increased gradually between the first and the last ultrasonographic examination. The ventral prostate area of PCa groups decreased due to flutamide administration and increased after androgen and carcinogen administration. The area of the dorsal prostate lobe increased between the fourth and the fifth ultrasonographic examination. In the last ultrasonographic examination, hypoechoic and anechoic lesions were observed in the PCa group. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting a follow-up of rat prostatic dimensions by ultrasonography. Ultrasonography is a feasible approach for prostate cancer monitoring in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal .,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jessica Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria J Pires
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - MÁrio Ginja
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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Ito Y, Naiki-Ito A, Kato H, Suzuki S, Kuno T, Ishiguro Y, Takahashi S, Uemura H. Chemopreventive effects of angiotensin II receptor type 2 agonist on prostate carcinogenesis by the down-regulation of the androgen receptor. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13859-13869. [PMID: 29568400 PMCID: PMC5862621 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential against prostate cancer via the reduction of androgen receptor (AR) expression. In this study, we investigated the effects of the angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2R) agonist Compound 21 (C21), which is expected to play similar roles to an ARB, on prostate carcinogenesis using the transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) model previously established in our laboratory. In vitro analyses of the cell growth, Western blotting and reporter gene assays were performed using LNCaP cells. TRAP rats at 6 weeks of age were randomly divided into 3 groups of 12 animals each and treated with C21 at 1 or 2 mg/kg/day in drinking water for 12 weeks. C21 reduced the proliferation activity of prostate cancer cells and down-regulated the PSA promoter activity and the AR protein expression. We discovered that C21 inhibited the progression of prostate carcinogenesis in TRAP rats and decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the lateral prostate. A significant increase in the apoptotic index with activation of caspase 3 and 7 were observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analyses. C21 also down-regulated the expression of AR significantly in TRAP rat prostate. C21 decreased the expression of AR and reduced the proliferation activity effectively in prostate cancer cells and TRAP rat prostate. These findings suggest that AT2R agonist may be a candidate novel chemopreventive agent against human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ito
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kuno
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukari Ishiguro
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Naiki-Ito A, Chewonarin T, Tang M, Pitchakarn P, Kuno T, Ogawa K, Asamoto M, Shirai T, Takahashi S. Ellagic acid, a component of pomegranate fruit juice, suppresses androgen-dependent prostate carcinogenesis via induction of apoptosis. Prostate 2015; 75:151-60. [PMID: 25284475 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ellagic acid (EA), a component of pomegranate fruit juice (PFJ), is a plant-derived polyphenol and has antioxidant properties. PFJ and EA have been reported to suppress various cancers, including prostate cancer. However, their chemopreventive effects on development and progression of prostate cancer using in vivo models have not been established yet. METHODS The transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) model was used to investigate the modulating effects of PFJ and EA on prostate carcinogenesis. Three-week-old male transgenic rats were treated with EA or PFJ for 10 weeks. In vitro assays for cell growth, apoptosis, and Western blot were performed using the human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP (androgen-dependent), PC-3 and DU145 (androgen-independent). RESULTS PFJ decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in lateral prostate, and both EA and PFJ suppressed the progression of prostate carcinogenesis and induced apoptosis by caspase 3 activation in the TRAP model. In addition, the level of lipid peroxidation in ventral prostate was significantly decreased by EA treatment. EA was able to inhibit cell proliferation of LNCaP, whereas this effect was not observed in PC-3 and DU145. As with the in vivo data, EA induced apoptosis in LNCaP by increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 activation. Cell-cycle related proteins, p21(WAF) , p27(Kip) , cdk2, and cyclin E, were increased while cyclin D1 and cdk1 were decreased by EA treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that PFJ and EA are potential chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer, and EA may be the active component of PFJ that exerts these anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Suzuki S, Naiki-Ito A, Kuno T, Punfa W, Long N, Kato H, Inaguma S, Komiya M, Shirai T, Takahashi S. Establishment of a syngeneic orthotopic model of prostate cancer in immunocompetent rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 28:21-6. [PMID: 26023257 PMCID: PMC4337495 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously established 3 cell lines (PLS10, PLS20 and PLS30) from a chemically-induced prostate carcinoma in F344 rats, and demonstrated high potential for metastasis in nude mice. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of establishing an orthotopic model using the 3 rat prostate cancer cell lines in immunocompetent rats with the aim of resolving species-mismatch problems and defects of immune systems. The PLS10, PLS20 and PLS30 cell lines were injected into the ventral prostates of 6-week-old rats, which were then sacrificed at experimental weeks 4 and 8. Tumor mass formation was found in rats with PLS10, but not in those with PLS20 or PLS30. Additionally, metastatic carcinomas could be detected in lymph nodes and lungs of PLS10-inoculated rats. Genetic analysis demonstrated K-ras gene mutations in PLS10 and PLS20, but not in PLS30 cells. There were no mutations in p53 and KLF6. In conclusion, we established a syngeneic orthotopic model for prostate cancer in immunocompetent rats simulating human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which should prove useful for development and validation of therapeutic agents, especially with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan ; Pathology Division, Nagoya City East Medical Center, 1-2-23 Wakamizu, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8547, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kuno
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Wanisa Punfa
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ne Long
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka-machi, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan ; Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masami Komiya
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan ; Division of Cancer Prevention Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shirai
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan ; Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, 1-2 Mikanyama, Yatomi-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-0036, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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