1
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Ricken AM, Hamed MA, Akhigbe RE. Histopathological evaluation of infertility: Lessons from laboratory rodents. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:671-690. [PMID: 38088133 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Infertility is a growing challenge globally with emerging risk factors. There are effective laboratory tests to evaluate infertility in humans, nevertheless, some measures, especially histopathological evaluations, are invasive due to the pain inflicted when accessing the reproductive organs and obtaining samples; hence, their relevance may be limited in humans. However, these histopathological evaluations provide essential information on the etiopathogenesis of infertility and the likely mechanisms of action of potential therapeutic candidates. Also, non-invasive methods are available, such as the assay of testosterone in the blood and semen analysis, both of which are predictors of testicular functions. This review provides detailed information on the available histopathological investigations of infertility, such as qualitative and quantitative histopathological assessments of gonadal tissues, specific cell counts, and sperm morphology characterization, with a focus on the procedures, interpretation, and pathophysiological basis. Data from the literature revealed that histopathological examinations of the reproductive organs, as well as spermatozoa, are useful in understanding the pathogenesis of incident infertility. Histopathological evaluation may range from basic hematoxylin and eosin stains to some special stains. Also, histopathological findings (such as spermatogenic cells and planimetric variables, like seminiferous tubule diameter and theca cell and corpus luteum thickness) may be quantified and analyzed for comparison. Some skill is required for these investigations, which may be a limiting factor; however, they are important tools in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Markus Ricken
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moses Agbomhere Hamed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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2
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Kandil B, Kurtdede N, Bayraktaroglu AG. Immunohistochemical localization and expression of heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy, and lactation in rat ovaries. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152157. [PMID: 38581753 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2024.152157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the expressions of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 in rat ovaries during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy, and lactation. In follicle cells, HSP27 and HSP70 expression was not observed. HSP60 in oocytes was higher in the early stages of follicular development but decreased and disappeared as the follicle grew. HSP60 in granulosa and theca cells increased with follicle development and decreased with atresia. HSP90 in follicle cells did not change during follicle development or atresia. The expression of HSPs in interstitial cells was higher in the proestrus and estrus phases of the estrous cycle. The expression of HSPs in these cells was higher on day 5 of pregnancy, decreased on day 10, and decreased further on days 15 and 20. The expression of HSPs, which decreased in the second half of pregnancy, increased again on the first day of lactation. The expression of HSPs then decreased on day 5 of lactation and further decreased on days 10 and 20. HSP60 and HSP90 were positive in new and old corpus luteums (CLs) and their expression did not change during luteal development or regression. HSP27 and HSP70 were absent in new CLs. HSP27 was positive in old CLs and showed the same staining pattern during luteal regression. HSP70 expression was determined in old cyclic CLs during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy and decreased with luteal regression. HSP70 expression in old pregnancy CLs during lactation was very weak compared to the oestrous cycle and pregnancy. In conclusion, HSP60 and HSP90 may participate in folliculogenesis, luteal development, and steroidogenesis in luteal cells, and HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 may be effective in luteal regression and steroidogenesis in interstitial cells. HSP27 and HSP70 may be used as markers to identify old CLs in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Kandil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey.
| | - Nevin Kurtdede
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alev Gürol Bayraktaroglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Cáceres ARR, Cardone DA, Sanhueza MDLÁ, Bosch IM, Cuello-Carrión FD, Rodriguez GB, Scotti L, Parborell F, Halperin J, Laconi MR. Local effect of allopregnanolone in rat ovarian steroidogenesis, follicular and corpora lutea development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6402. [PMID: 38493224 PMCID: PMC10944484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Allopregnanolone (ALLO) is a known neurosteroid and a progesterone metabolite synthesized in the ovary, CNS, PNS, adrenals and placenta. Its role in the neuroendocrine control of ovarian physiology has been studied, but its in situ ovarian effects are still largely unknown. The aims of this work were to characterize the effects of intrabursal ALLO administration on different ovarian parameters, and the probable mechanism of action. ALLO administration increased serum progesterone concentration and ovarian 3β-HSD2 while decreasing 20α-HSD mRNA expression. ALLO increased the number of atretic follicles and the number of positive TUNEL granulosa and theca cells, while decreasing positive PCNA immunostaining. On the other hand, there was an increase in corpora lutea diameter and PCNA immunostaining, whereas the count of TUNEL-positive luteal cells decreased. Ovarian angiogenesis and the immunohistochemical expression of GABAA receptor increased after ALLO treatment. To evaluate if the ovarian GABAA receptor was involved in these effects, we conducted a functional experiment with a specific antagonist, bicuculline. The administration of bicuculline restored the number of atretic follicles and the diameter of corpora lutea to normal values. These results show the actions of ALLO on the ovarian physiology of the female rat during the follicular phase, some of them through the GABAA receptor. Intrabursal ALLO administration alters several processes of the ovarian morpho-physiology of the female rat, related to fertility and oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosario Ramona Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET Mendoza), Av. Ruiz Leal s/n Parque General San Martín, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Daniela Alejandra Cardone
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET Mendoza), Av. Ruiz Leal s/n Parque General San Martín, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María de Los Ángeles Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET Mendoza), Av. Ruiz Leal s/n Parque General San Martín, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Fernando Darío Cuello-Carrión
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET Mendoza), Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Leopoldina Scotti
- Ovarian Pathophysiology Studies Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Ovarian Pathophysiology Studies Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia Halperin
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myriam Raquel Laconi
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET Mendoza), Av. Ruiz Leal s/n Parque General San Martín, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina.
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4
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Milosevic A, Lavrnja I, Savic D, Milosevic K, Skuljec J, Bjelobaba I, Janjic MM. Rat Ovarian Function Is Impaired during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071045. [PMID: 37048118 PMCID: PMC10093247 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the CNS and occurring far more prevalently in women than in men. In both MS and its animal models, sex hormones play important immunomodulatory roles. We have previously shown that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in rats of both sexes and induces an arrest in the estrous cycle in females. To investigate the gonadal status in female rats with EAE, we explored ovarian morphometric parameters, circulating and intraovarian sex steroid levels, and the expression of steroidogenic machinery components in the ovarian tissue. A prolonged state of diestrus was recorded during the peak of EAE, with maintenance of the corpora lutea, elevated intraovarian progesterone levels, and increased gene and protein expression of StAR, similar to the state of pseudopregnancy. The decrease in CYP17A1 protein expression was followed by a decrease in ovarian testosterone and estradiol levels. On the contrary, serum testosterone levels were slightly increased. With unchanged serum estradiol levels, these results point at extra-gonadal sites of sex steroid biosynthesis and catabolism as important regulators of their circulating levels. Our study suggests alterations in the function of the female reproductive system during central autoimmunity and highlights the bidirectional relationships between hormonal status and EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Milosevic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Savic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Milosevic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Skuljec
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ivana Bjelobaba
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija M Janjic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Younesi S, Soch A, Sominsky L, Spencer SJ. Long-term role of neonatal microglia and monocytes in ovarian health. J Endocrinol 2022; 254:103-119. [PMID: 35670374 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Early life microglia are essential for brain development, and developmental disruption in microglial activity may have long-term implications for the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. We and others have previously shown that early life immune activation compromises the long-term potential for reproductive function in females. However, the supportive role of microglia in female reproductive development is still unknown. Here, we examined the long-term programming effects of transient neonatal microglial and monocyte ablation on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function in female rats. We employed a Cx3cr1-Dtr transgenic Wistar rat model to acutely ablate microglia and monocytes, commencing on either postnatal day (P) 7 or 14, since the development of the HPG axis in female rodents primarily occurs during the first two to three postnatal weeks. After an acutely diminished expression of microglia and monocyte genes in the brain and ovaries, respectively, microglia had repopulated the brain by P21, albeit that cellular complexity was still reduced in both groups at this time. Removal of microglia and monocytes on P7, but not P14 reduced circulating luteinising hormone levels in adulthood and ovarian gonadotropin receptors mRNA. These changes were notably associated with fewer primary and antral follicles in these rats. These data suggest that transient ablation of microglia and monocytes at the start of the second but not the third postnatal week has long-term effects on ovarian health. The findings highlight the important developmental role of a healthy immune system for female potential reproductive capacity and the importance of critical developmental periods to adult ovarian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alita Soch
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Microscopy Facility, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Barwon Health Laboratory, Barwon Health, University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Taketa Y. Luteal toxicity evaluation in rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2022; 35:7-17. [PMID: 35221491 PMCID: PMC8828616 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2021-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpora lutea (CL) are endocrine glands that form in the ovary after ovulation and
secrete the steroid hormone, progesterone (P4). P4 plays a critical role in estrous and
menstrual cycles, implantation, and pregnancy. The incomplete rodent estrous cycle stably
lasts 4–5 days and its morphological features can be distinguished during each estrous
cycle stage. In rat ovaries, there are two main types of CL: newly formed ones due to the
current ovulation (new CL), and CL remaining from prior estrous cycles (old CL). In the
luteal regression process, CL were almost fully regressed after four estrous cycles in
Sprague-Dawley rats. P4 secretion from CL in rodents is regulated by the balance between
synthesis and catabolism. In general, luteal toxicity should be evaluated by considering
antemortem and postmortem data. Daily vaginal smear observations provided useful
information on luteal toxicity. In histopathological examinations, not only the ovaries
and CL but also other related tissues and organs including the uterus, vagina, mammary
gland, and adrenal glands, must be carefully examined for exploring luteal changes. In
this review, histological and functional characteristics of CL in rats are summarized, and
representative luteal toxicity changes are presented for improved luteal toxicity
evaluation in preclinical toxicity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Taketa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
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7
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Sominsky L, Younesi S, De Luca SN, Loone SM, Quinn KM, Spencer SJ. Ovarian follicles are resistant to monocyte perturbations-implications for ovarian health with immune disruption†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:100-112. [PMID: 33709094 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are the most abundant immune cell populations in the adult ovary, with well-known roles in ovulation and corpus luteum formation and regression. They are activated and proliferate in response to immune challenge and are suppressed by anti-inflammatory treatments. It is also likely they have a functional role in the healthy ovary in supporting the maturing follicle from the primordial through to the later stages; however, this role has been unexplored until now. Here, we utilized a Cx3cr1-Dtr transgenic Wistar rat model that allows a conditional depletion of circulating monocytes, to investigate their role in ovarian follicle health. Our findings show that circulating monocyte depletion leads to a significant depletion of ovarian monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Depletion of monocytes was associated with a transient reduction in circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) at 5 days postdepletion. However, the 50-60% ovarian monocyte/macrophage depletion had no effect on ovarian follicle numbers, follicle atresia, or apoptosis, within 5-21 days postdepletion. These data reveal that the healthy adult ovary is remarkably resistant to perturbations of circulating and ovarian monocytes despite acute changes in AMH. These data suggest that short-term anti-inflammatory therapies that transiently impact on circulating monocytes are unlikely to disrupt ovarian follicle health, findings that have significant implications for fertility planning relative to the experience of an immune challenge or immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone N De Luca
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sophie M Loone
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie M Quinn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Delsouc MB, Bronzi CD, Becerra CD, Bonaventura MM, Mohamed FH, Casais M. Ganglionic and ovarian action of acetylcholine during diestrous II in rats. Neuroendocrine control of the luteal regression. Steroids 2019; 148:19-27. [PMID: 31071343 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate if acetylcholine (Ach), added to the celiac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovary system (CG-SON-ovary) or in ovary incubations, modifies the release of progesterone (P4), androstenedione (A2), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and alters the expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD), and apoptotic genes in ovarian tissue during the diestrous II (DII) in rats. The CG-SON-ovary system or the ovary alone were removed and placed into separate cuvettes both containing Krebs-Ringer solution (control groups). In experimental groups, 10-6 M Ach was added into the ganglion compartment or into the ovary compartment. P4, A2 and GnRH were measured by RIA, mRNA expression by RT-PCR, and catecholamines by HPLC. In addition, a routine histological technique was applied. In ex-vivo system, 10-6 M Ach into the ganglion compartment decreased P4 and NE release, altered 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD expression, and decreased bax/bcl-2 ratio, while increasing the release of A2 and DA, and bcl-2 expression. In ovary incubations, 10-6 M Ach decreased P4 and GnRH release, decreased 3β-HSD and bcl-2 expression, increased A2 release, increased 20α-HSD and bax expression, and the bax/bcl-2 ratio, and induced disorganization of the corpus luteum structure. The peripheral nervous system protected the ovary from the apoptotic mechanisms while in the ovary incubation the effect was reversed. Our results indicate that Ach in DII regulates steroidogenesis and apoptosis in the ovary, by modulating the concentration of neurotransmitters. In vivo, an alteration in the extrinsic cholinergic innervation of the ovary could disrupt the endocrine control of the reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Delsouc
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Cynthia D Bronzi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Cristina Daneri Becerra
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - María M Bonaventura
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP C1428ADN, CABA, Argentina
| | - Fabián H Mohamed
- Cátedra de Histología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marilina Casais
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina.
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9
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Kuwagata M, Sakai Y, Tanaka S, Takashima H, Katagiri R, Matsuoka T, Noritake K, Senuma M, Shimizu T, Hojo H, Ibi K, Kudo S, Oota T, Ube M, Miwa Y, Kajita S, Uesugi T, Yabe K, Tateishi T, Nakano N, Taniguchi T, Yamashita A, Hirano T, Kirihata Y, Sakai Y, Nishizawa S, Fujiwara M, Mineshima H, Horimoto M, Ema M. Historical control data on developmental toxicity studies in rats. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2019; 59:125-131. [PMID: 30084506 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Historical control data from prenatal developmental toxicity studies in rats have been used to evaluate whether toxicology outcomes were induced by exposure to a chemical or were within the range of spontaneous variation. These data are also important for monitoring animal characteristics. As a follow-up to historical control data from 1998 to 2010, this study analyzed control data from prenatal developmental studies performed in rats from 2011 to 2015. Data were collected from studies performed by 24 Japanese laboratories, including 15 pharmaceutical and chemical companies and nine contract research organizations, in Sprague-Dawley and two-sub-strains of Wistar Hannover rats. The data included maternal reproductive findings at terminal cesarean section and fetal findings, including incidences of spontaneous external, visceral, and skeletal anomalies. No noticeable differences in maternal reproductive data were observed among laboratories. The inter-laboratory variations in the incidences of fetal anomalies seemed to be due to differences in the selection of observation parameters, observation criteria, and classification of the findings, as well as to differences in terminology of fetal alterations. These historical control data may be helpful for adequate interpretation of experimental results and for evaluating the reproductive and developmental toxicities of various chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kuwagata
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakai
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sho Tanaka
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Ryuichi Katagiri
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiki Matsuoka
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Noritake
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mika Senuma
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hojo
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kanata Ibi
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kudo
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Oota
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ube
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoji Miwa
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shimpei Kajita
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Uesugi
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yabe
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taishi Tateishi
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nao Nakano
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Akihito Yamashita
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirano
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Kirihata
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Sakai
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shino Nishizawa
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michio Fujiwara
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mineshima
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masao Horimoto
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Ema
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan
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10
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Peluso JJ, Liu X, Uliasz T, Pru CA, Kelp NC, Pru JK. PGRMC1/2 promotes luteal vascularization and maintains the primordial follicles of mice. Reproduction 2018; 156:365-373. [PMID: 30306772 PMCID: PMC6348134 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether conditional depletion of progesterone receptor membrane component (PGRMC) 1 and PGRMC2 affected ovarian follicle development, follicle distribution was assessed in ovaries of young (≈3-month-old) and middle-aged (≈6-month-old) control (Pgrmc1/2fl/fl) and double conditional PGRMC1/2-knockout (Pgrmc1/2d/d) mice. This study revealed that the distribution of primary, preantral and antral follicles was not altered in Pgrmc1/2d/d mice, regardless of the age. Although the number of primordial follicles was similar at ≈3 months of age, their numbers were reduced by ≈80% in 6-month-old Pgrmc1/2d/d mice compared to age-matched Pgrmc1/2fl/fl mice. The Pgrmc1/2d/d mice were generated using Pgr-cre mice, so ablation of Pgrmc1 and Pgrmc2 in the ovary was restricted to peri-ovulatory follicles and subsequent corpora lutea (CL). In addition, the vascularization of CL was attenuated in Pgrmc1/2d/d mice, although mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) were elevated. Moreover, depletion of Pgrmc1 and Pgrmc2 altered the gene expression profile in the non-luteal component of the ovary such that Vegfa expression, a stimulator of primordial follicle growth, was elevated; Kit Ligand expression, another stimulator of primordial follicle growth, was suppressed and anti-Mullerian hormone, an inhibitor of primordial follicle growth, was enhanced compared to Pgrmc1/2fl/fl mice. These data reveal that luteal cell depletion of Pgrmc1 and 2 alters the expression of growth factors within the non-luteal component of the ovary, which could account for the premature demise of the adult population of primordial follicles. In summary, the survival of adult primordial follicles is dependent in part on progesterone receptor membrane component 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Peluso
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Xiufang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Tracy Uliasz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Cindy A. Pru
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Nicole C. Kelp
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - James K. Pru
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
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Bronzi CD, Orozco ASV, Rodriguez D, Rastrilla AM, Sosa ZY, Casais M. Noradrenaline modulates the presence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in ovary. The importance of its interrelation on the ovarian steroidogenesis and apoptosis on dioestrus II in rat. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:39-46. [PMID: 26144997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate if noradrenaline (NA), added in the coeliac ganglion -superior ovarian nerve- ovary system (CG-SON-O) and in ovary incubation, modifies the release of ovarian progesterone (P4), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and oestradiol (E2), and the expression of 3β-HSD and 20α-HSD and proapoptotic bax and antiapoptotic bcl-2 on dioestrus II in the rat. The CG-SON-O system and the ovary were removed and placed in one cuvette containing Krebs-Ringer solution (control groups), and NA was added to the ganglion compartment in the ex vivo system and in the ovary compartment in the ovary incubation (experimental groups). P4, GnRH and E2 were measured by RIA, and gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. In the ex-vivo system, the release of ovarian P4 and GnRH and the expression of 3β-HSD and bax decreased; E2 and bcl-2 increased, and the bax/bcl-2 ratio decreased. However, in the ovary incubation, P4, GnRH, the expression of 3β-HSD and bax increased; E2, the expression of 20α-HSD and bcl-2 decreased while the bax/bcl-2 ratio increased, thus favoring apoptosis. The peripheral nervous system protected the ovary from the apoptotic mechanisms while in the ovary incubation the effect was reverted. Our results indicate that NA regulates ovarian steroidogenesis and apoptosis by modulating GnRH release from the coeliac ganglion and ovary, being NA a possible generator of a GnRH-gonadotropins axis in the ovary. This work is expected to contribute with new evidence of the clinical importance of catecholamines and GnRH in therapy and prevention of ovarian pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia D Bronzi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de Los Andes 950- 1er Bloque 1er piso ala Norte D5700HHW, San Luis, República Argentina.
| | - Adriana S Vega Orozco
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de Los Andes 950- 1er Bloque 1er piso ala Norte D5700HHW, San Luis, República Argentina
| | - Diego Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ana María Rastrilla
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de Los Andes 950- 1er Bloque 1er piso ala Norte D5700HHW, San Luis, República Argentina
| | - Zulema Y Sosa
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de Los Andes 950- 1er Bloque 1er piso ala Norte D5700HHW, San Luis, República Argentina
| | - Marilina Casais
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de Los Andes 950- 1er Bloque 1er piso ala Norte D5700HHW, San Luis, República Argentina; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET), Argentina
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