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Miao Y, Fu C, Liao M, Fang F. Differences in Liver microRNA profiling in pigs with low and high
feed efficiency. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:312-329. [PMID: 35530409 PMCID: PMC9039951 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Feed cost is the main factor affecting the economic benefits of pig industry.
Improving the feed efficiency (FE) can reduce the feed cost and improve the
economic benefits of pig breeding enterprises. Liver is a complex metabolic
organ which affects the distribution of nutrients and regulates the efficiency
of energy conversion from nutrients to muscle or fat, thereby affecting feed
efficiency. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can regulate feed
efficiency through the modulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional
level. In this study, we analyzed miRNA profiling of liver tissues in High-FE
and Low-FE pigs for the purpose of identifying key miRNAs related to feed
efficiency. A total 212~221 annotated porcine miRNAs and 136~281 novel
miRNAs were identified in the pig liver. Among them, 188 annotated miRNAs were
co-expressed in High-FE and Low-FE pigs. The 14 miRNAs were significantly
differentially expressed (DE) in the livers of high-FE pigs and low-FE pigs, of
which 5 were downregulated and 9 were upregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes
and Genomes analysis of liver DE miRNAs in high-FE pigs and low-FE pigs
indicated that the target genes of DE miRNAs were significantly enriched in
insulin signaling pathway, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway, and
mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. To verify the reliability of
sequencing results, 5 DE miRNAs were randomly selected for quantitative reverse
transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR results of miRNAs
were confirmed to be consistent with sequencing data. DE miRNA data indicated
that liver-specific miRNAs synergistically acted with mRNAs to improve feed
efficiency. The liver miRNAs expression analysis revealed the metabolic pathways
by which the liver miRNAs regulate pig feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Miao
- College of Bioengineering,Jingchu
University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal
Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanke Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal
Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingxing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal
Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal
Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research
on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Corresponding author: Fang Fang, Key Laboratory of
Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of
Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Tel:
+86-278-728-2091, E-mail:
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Nakagawa A, Nakajima T, Azuma M. Tear miRNA expression analysis reveals miR-203 as a potential regulator of corneal epithelial cells. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 34696757 PMCID: PMC8543880 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. They are found within cells and in body fluids. Extracellular miRNAs have been shown to associate with the surrounding tissues. Therefore, we predicted that miRNAs in tears may contribute to regulate corneal epithelial cell function. However, information on the miRNA expression profile of tears is limited and the specific functions of tear miRNAs for corneal epithelial cells are still unknown. To study the role of tear miRNAs, we determined which miRNAs are highly expressed in tears and examined the involvement of miRNAs in corneal epithelial cell viability. Methods miRNAs extracted from monkey tears and sera were subjected to microarray analysis. miRNAs of which expression levels were higher in tears than in sera were selected, and their expression levels were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To examine miRNA function, mimics and inhibitors of miRNAs were transfected into human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells and incubated for 24 or 48 h. After transfection of miRNA mimics and inhibitors, the viability of HCE-T cells was measured using the water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) assay, and microarray analysis and qPCR were performed using total RNA extracted from HCE-T cells. siRNAs of the candidate targets for miR-203 were transfected into HCE-T cells and the WST assay was performed. To determine a direct target gene for miR-203, a dual luciferase reporter assay was performed in HCE-T cells using a luciferase reporter plasmid containing 3′-UTR of human IGFBP5. Results Microarray and qPCR analyses showed that miR-184 and miR-203 were expressed significantly more highly in tears than in sera (165,542.8- and 567.8-fold, respectively, p < 0.05). Of these two miRNAs, transfection of a miR-203 mimic significantly reduced the viability of HCE-T cells (p < 0.05), while a miR-203 inhibitor significantly increased this viability (p < 0.05). miR-203 mimic downregulated insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1), while miR-203 inhibitor upregulated these two genes. Transfection of IGFBP5-siRNA decreased the viability of HCE-T cells. miR-203 mimic significantly diminished the luciferase reporter activity. Conclusions In this study, we identified miRNAs that are highly expressed in tears, and the inhibition of miR-203 increases the viability of corneal epithelial cells. Our results suggest that miR-203 contributes to regulating the homeostasis of corneal epithelial cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-021-02141-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nakagawa
- Central Research Laboratories, Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Azuma
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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Oda S, Yokoi T. Recent progress in the use of microRNAs as biomarkers for drug-induced toxicities in contrast to traditional biomarkers: A comparative review. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 37:100372. [PMID: 33461055 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with 18-25 nucleotides. They play key regulatory roles in versatile biological process including development and apoptosis, and in disease pathogenesis, for example carcinogenesis, by negatively regulating gene expression. miRNAs often exhibit characteristics suitable for biomarkers such as tissue-specific expression patterns, high stability in serum/plasma, and change in abundance in circulation immediately after toxic injury. Since the discovery of circulating miRNAs in extracellular biological fluids in 2008, there have been many reports on the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for various diseases including cancer and organ injury in humans and experimental animals. In this review article, we have summarized the utility and limitation of circulating miRNAs as safety/toxicology biomarkers for specific tissue injuries including liver, skeletal muscle, heart, retina, and pancreas, by comparing them with conventional protein biomarkers. We have also covered the discovery of miRNAs in serum/plasma and their stability, the knowledge of which is essential for understanding the kinetics of miRNA biomarkers. Since numerous studies have reported the use of these circulating miRNAs as safety biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity, we believe that circulating miRNAs can promote pre-clinical drug development and improve the monitoring of tissue injuries in clinical pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Oda
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Bailey WJ, Barnum JE, Erdos Z, LaFranco-Scheuch L, Lane P, Vlasakova K, Sistare FD, Glaab WE. A Performance Evaluation of Liver and Skeletal Muscle-Specific miRNAs in Rat Plasma to Detect Drug-Induced Injury. Toxicol Sci 2020; 168:110-125. [PMID: 30496518 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver and skeletal muscle-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are currently being evaluated as novel plasma biomarkers that may out-perform or add value to the conventional liver injury biomarkers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and to the skeletal muscle injury biomarkers AST and creatine kinase (CK). A comprehensive evaluation was conducted to assess the relative performance of these miRNAs to detect and distinguish liver from muscle tissue injury. The performance of miR-122 and miR-192 for liver and miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206 for skeletal muscle was compared with 10 enzymatic or protein biomarkers across 27 compounds causing specific types of tissue injury in rat. Receiver operator characteristic analyses were performed comparing the relative sensitivity and specificity of each of the biomarkers in individual animals with histopathology observations of necrosis and/or degeneration in various organs. All of the miRNAs outperformed ALT, AST, and/or CK in studies with either liver or skeletal muscle injury and demonstrated superior specificity in organs without type-specific injury (eg, liver biomarkers assessed with compounds that cause skeletal muscle injury). When additional protein biomarkers were included, glutamate dehydrogenase, arginase I, alpha-glutathione S-transferase for liver and skeletal troponin I, myosin light chain 3, fatty acid-binding protein 3, and creatine kinase M isoform for skeletal muscle, the miRNAs demonstrated equal or superior performance to the extended panel. Taken together, this comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that these novel miRNA toxicity biomarkers outperform and add value with respect to sensitivity and specificity over ALT, AST in monitoring the liver and over CK for monitoring skeletal muscle drug-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Bailey
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - John E Barnum
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Zoltan Erdos
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Lisa LaFranco-Scheuch
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Pamela Lane
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Katerina Vlasakova
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Frank D Sistare
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Warren E Glaab
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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Gao S, Wang J, Tian S, Luo J. miR‑9 depletion suppresses the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by targeting p16. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1921-1932. [PMID: 31081054 PMCID: PMC6521929 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary malignancy in adolescents and children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) can regulate the progression of OS. Herein, we explored the target genes and effects of miR-9 in OS. Cell growth, colony formation and cell cycle were respectively examined using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), crystal violet staining and flow cytometry. The target gene of miR-9 was predicted according to the MicroRNA.org website. Luciferase activity was examined using a dual luciferase reporter gene assay kit. The corresponding factors levels were analyzed by carrying out reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. A mouse model of OS was also established and the volume and weight of the tumors of the mice with OS were measured. The levels of p16 in the mice with OS were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The data revealed a high expression of miR-9 and a low expression of p16 in the OS tissue. p16 was found to be the target gene for miR-9 in OS. miR-9 depletion decreased the proliferation and colony formation of Saos-2 cells by arresting the cells at the G1 phase, accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin A, cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression levels. Moreover, miR-9 depletion inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In vivo, miR-9 depletion decreased the tumor volume and weight and increased p16 expression in the mouse tumor tissues. Nevertheless, p16 silencing reversed the suppressive effects of miR-9 inhibitors on OS cells. On the whole, the findings of this study substantiate that miR-9 depletion suppresses cell proliferation by targeting p16 in OS and by mediating the activation of the ERK/p38/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Shujian Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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