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Kim JY, Yenari MA, Lee JE. Regulation of inflammatory transcription factors by heat shock protein 70 in primary cultured astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neuroscience 2014; 286:272-80. [PMID: 25485480 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important event in ischemic injury. These immune responses begin with the expression of pro-inflammatory genes modulating transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and signal transducers and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1). The 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) can both induce and arrest inflammatory reactions and lead to improved neurological outcome in experimental brain injury and ischemia. Since Hsp70 are induced under heat stress, we investigated the link between Hsp70 neuroprotection and phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB (IκB), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 through co-immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. Transcription factors and pro-inflammatory genes were quantified by immunoblotting, electrophoretic-mobility shift assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. The results showed that heat stress led to Hsp70 overexpression which rendered neuroprotection after ischemia-like injury. Overexpression Hsp70 also interrupts the phosphorylation of IκB, JNK and p38 and blunts DNA binding of their transcription factors (NF-κB, AP-1 and STAT-1), effectively downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in heat-pretreated astrocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that overexpression of Hsp70 may protect against brain ischemia via an anti-inflammatory mechanism by interrupting the phosphorylation of upstream of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - M A Yenari
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - J E Lee
- Department of Anatomy, BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
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Ohnishi T, Hisaoka F, Morishima M, Takahashi A, Harada N, Mawatari K, Arai H, Yoshioka E, Toda S, Keisuke I, Nakaya Y. Establishment of a model of spontaneously-running-Tokushima-shikoku rats with left atrial thrombosis. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:51-6. [PMID: 24791067 PMCID: PMC4000073 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2012-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that investigate the underlying mechanisms of disease and treatment options typically require the use of a suitable animal model. Few suitable animal models exist for left atrial thrombosis. Here, we demonstrated that the Spontaneously-Running-Tokushima-Shikoku (SPORTS) rat — a Wistar strain known for its running ability—is predisposed to the development of thrombi in the left atrium. We investigated the incidence of left atrial thrombosis in male (n = 16) and female (n = 17) SPORTS rats and observed organized atrial thrombosis in 57% and 38% of males and female rats, respectively. In the male rats, systolic blood pressures and heart rates were significantly higher in SPORTS rats than in control Wistar rats. We could not find any evidence of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, during electrocardiographic examination of SPORTS rats. We believe that the SPORTS rat could serve as a new research model for left atrial thrombosis; further, it may be suitable for research investigating the development of new antithrombotic approaches for the control of atrial thrombosis or familial thrombophilia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Ohnishi
- Department of Nutrition Management, Faculty of Health Science, Hyogo University, 2301 Shinzaike, Hiraoka-cho, Kakogawa, Hyogo 675-0195, Japan ; Department of Molecular and Environmental Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Fumiko Hisaoka
- Faculty of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, 23-1 Ebisuno Furukawa, Oujinn-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan
| | - Masaki Morishima
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Nagakatsu Harada
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Arai
- Department of Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition Management, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, 422-8526 Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Emiko Yoshioka
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Satomi Toda
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Izumi Keisuke
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakaya
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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