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Tassinari R, Olivi E, Cavallini C, Taglioli V, Zannini C, Marcuzzi M, Fedchenko O, Ventura C. Mechanobiology: A landscape for reinterpreting stem cell heterogeneity and regenerative potential in diseased tissues. iScience 2022; 26:105875. [PMID: 36647385 PMCID: PMC9839966 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces play a fundamental role in cellular dynamics from the molecular level to the establishment of complex heterogeneity in somatic and stem cells. Here, we highlight the role of cytoskeletal mechanics and extracellular matrix in generating mechanical forces merging into oscillatory synchronized patterns. We discuss how cellular mechanosensing/-transduction can be modulated by mechanical forces to control tissue metabolism and set the basis for nonpharmacologic tissue rescue. Control of bone anabolic activity and repair, as well as obesity prevention, through a fine-tuning of the stem cell morphodynamics are highlighted. We also discuss the use of mechanical forces in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and heart failure through the fine modulation of stem cell metabolic activity and regenerative potential. We finally focus on the new landscape of delivering specific mechanical stimuli to reprogram tissue-resident stem cells and enhance our self-healing potential, without the need for stem cell or tissue transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Olivi
- ELDOR LAB, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Martina Marcuzzi
- NIBB, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Oleksandra Fedchenko
- NIBB, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- ELDOR LAB, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy,NIBB, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy,Corresponding author
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Murata D, Ishikawa S, Sunaga T, Saito Y, Sogawa T, Nakayama K, Hobo S, Hatazoe T. Osteochondral regeneration of the femoral medial condyle by using a scaffold-free 3D construct of synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells in horses. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:53. [PMID: 35065631 PMCID: PMC8783486 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Medical interventions for subchondral bone cysts in horses have been extensively studied. This study investigated the regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone with scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) constructs of equine synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs) isolated from three ponies and expanded until over 1.0 × 107 cells at passage 2 (P2).
Results
SM-MSCs were strongly positive for CD11a/CD18, CD44, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I; moderately positive for CD90, CD105, and MHC class II; and negative for CD34 and CD45 on flow cytometry and differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages in the tri-lineage differentiation assay. After culturing SM-MSCs until P3, we prepared a construct (diameter, 6.3 mm; height, 5.0 mm) comprising approximately 1920 spheroids containing 3.0 × 104 cells each. This construct was confirmed to be positive for type I collagen and negative for type II collagen, Alcian blue, and Safranin-O upon histological analysis and was subsequently implanted into an osteochondral defect (diameter, 6.8 mm; depth, 5.0 mm) at the right femoral medial condyle. The contralateral (left femoral) defect served as the control. At 3 and 6 months after surgery, the radiolucent volume (RV, mm3) of the defects was calculated based on multiplanar reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were evaluated using a modified two-dimensional MR observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) grading system, while macroscopic (gross) and microscopic histological characteristics were scored according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scale. Compared to the control sites, the implanted defects showed lower RV percentages, better total MOCART scores, higher average gross scores, and higher average histological scores.
Conclusions
Implantation of a scaffold-free 3D-construct of SM-MSCs into an osteochondral defect could regenerate the original structure of the cartilage and subchondral bone over 6 months post-surgery in horses, indicating the potential of this technique in treating equine subchondral bone cysts.
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Liu S, Wang L, Ling D, Valencak TG, You W, Shan T. Potential key factors involved in regulating adipocyte dedifferentiation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1639-1647. [PMID: 34796916 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes are the key constituents of adipose tissue, and their de-differentiation process has been widely observed in physiological and pathological conditions. For obese people, the promotion of adipocyte de-differentiation or maintenance of an undifferentiated state of adipocytes may help to improve their metabolic condition. Thus, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of adipocyte de-differentiation is necessary for treating metabolic diseases. Attractively, in addition to intracellular signals regulating adipocyte de-differentiation, external factors such as temperature and pressure also affect adipocyte de-differentiation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the field and discuss the regulatory roles and mechanisms of involved endogenous and exogenous factors during the process of de-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Defeng Ling
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Teresa G Valencak
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Liu L, Liu M, Xie D, Liu X, Yan H. Role of the extracellular matrix and YAP/TAZ in cell reprogramming. Differentiation 2021; 122:1-6. [PMID: 34768156 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are crucial in the fields of regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Mechanical signals from the cellular microenvironment play an important role in inducing the reprogramming of somatic cells into stem cells in vitro, but the mechanisms of this process have yet to be fully explored. Mechanical signals may activate a physical pathway involving the focal adhesions-cytoskeleton-LINC complex axis, and a chemical pathway involving YAP/TAZ. ENH protein likely plays an important role in connecting and regulating these two pathways. Such mechanisms illustrate one way in which mechanical signals from the cellular microenvironment can induce reprogramming of somatic cells to stem cells, and lays the foundation for a new strategy for inducing and regulating such reprogramming in vitro by means of physical processes related to local mechanical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, National Key Clinical Construction Specialty, Wound Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Mengchang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, National Key Clinical Construction Specialty, Wound Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Defu Xie
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, National Key Clinical Construction Specialty, Wound Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Xingke Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, National Key Clinical Construction Specialty, Wound Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, National Key Clinical Construction Specialty, Wound Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, China.
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Deng Z, Zou J, Wang W, Nie Y, Tung WT, Ma N, Lendlein A. Dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes with periodic exposure to cold. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 71:415-424. [PMID: 31006679 DOI: 10.3233/ch-199005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-containing adipocytes can dedifferentiate into fibroblast-like cells under appropriate culture conditions, which are known as dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells. However, the relative low dedifferentiation efficiency with the established protocols limit their widespread applications. In this study, we found that adipocyte dedifferentiation could be promoted via periodic exposure to cold (10°C) in vitro. The lipid droplets in mature adipocytes were reduced by culturing the cells in periodic cooling/heating cycles (10-37°C) for one week. The periodic temperature change led to the down-regulation of the adipogenic genes (FABP4, Leptin) and up-regulation of the mitochondrial uncoupling related genes (UCP1, PGC-1α, and PRDM16). In addition, the enhanced expression of the cell proliferation marker Ki67 was observed in the dedifferentiated fibroblast-like cells after periodic exposure to cold, as compared to the cells cultured in 37°C. Our in vitro model provides a simple and effective approach to promote lipolysis and can be used to improve the dedifferentiation efficiency of adipocytes towards multipotent DFAT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Deng
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jie Zou
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Yan Nie
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wing-Tai Tung
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Berlin and Teltow, Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Berlin and Teltow, Teltow, Germany
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Yamasaki A, Omura T, Murata D, Kobayashi M, Sunaga T, Kusano K, Ueno Y, Kuramoto T, Hobo S, Misumi K. A pilot study of regenerative therapy by implanting synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in equine osteochondral defect models. J Equine Sci 2019; 29:117-122. [PMID: 30607136 PMCID: PMC6306295 DOI: 10.1294/jes.29.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (SM-MSCs) from seven Thoroughbreds with
naturally occurring intra-articular fracture proliferated to over ten million cells by the
second passage. Using three experimental Thoroughbreds, columnar osteochondral defects
were made arthroscopically at the bilateral distal radius. Five million allogenic SM-MSCs
were implanted into the right defect, and another five million were injected into the
right radio-carpal joint (implantation site). No SM-MSCs were implanted into the left
defect or the same joint (control site). At 3 and 6 weeks after surgery, ten million
autologous SM-MSCs were injected into the right joints. Radiolucent volumes of defects
calculated by analysis of postmortem CT images 9 weeks after surgery were decreased in
implanted sites compared with control sites in all horses. The average scores for ICRS
gross and histopathological grading scales in implanted sites were equal to or higher than
those of the controls. These results suggest that allogenic implantation and subsequent
autologous injection of SM-MSCs might not obstruct subchondral bone formation in
defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamasaki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takaya Omura
- Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaragi 300-0493, Japan
| | - Daiki Murata
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Minoru Kobayashi
- Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaragi 300-0493, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sunaga
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kanichi Kusano
- Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaragi 300-0493, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Ueno
- Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaragi 300-0493, Japan
| | - Tomohide Kuramoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Seiji Hobo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Misumi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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hASC and DFAT, Multipotent Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: A Comparison of Their Potential Differentiation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122699. [PMID: 29236047 PMCID: PMC5751300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue comprises both adipose and non-adipose cells such as mesenchymal stem cells. These cells show a surface antigenic profile similar to that of bone-marrow-derived MSC. The cells derived from the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes (DFAT) are another cell population with characteristics of stemness. The aim of this study is to provide evidence of the stemness, proliferation, and differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASC) and DFAT obtained from human subcutaneous AT and evaluate their potential use in regenerative medicine. Cell populations were studied by histochemical and molecular biology techniques. Both hASC and DFAT were positive for MSC markers. Their proliferative capacity was similar and both populations were able to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. DFAT were able to accumulate lipids and their lipoprotein lipase and adiponectin gene expression were high. Alkaline phosphatase and RUNX2 gene expression were greater in hASC than in DFAT at 14 days but became similar after three weeks. Both cell populations were able to differentiate into chondrocytes, showing positive staining with Alcian Blue and gene expression of SOX9 and ACAN. In conclusion, both hASC and DFAT populations derived from AT have a high differentiation capacity and thus may have applications in regenerative medicine.
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Ishikawa S, Horinouchi C, Murata D, Matsuzaki S, Misumi K, Iwamoto Y, Korosue K, Hobo S. Isolation and characterization of equine dental pulp stem cells derived from Thoroughbred wolf teeth. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:47-51. [PMID: 27818457 PMCID: PMC5289236 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell lineages. Methods for
cell therapy using MSCs have been developed in equine medicine. Recently, human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have drawn much attention owing to their trophic
factor producing ability and minimally invasive collection methods. However, there have been no reports on equine dental pulp-derived cells (eDPCs). Therefore,
the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the eDPCs from discarded wolf teeth. Plastic-adherent spindle-shaped cells were isolated from wolf teeth.
The doubling time of the isolated eDPCs was approximately 1 day. Differentiation assays using induction medium eDPCs differentiated into osteogenic,
chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. The eDPCs expressed mesenchymal makers (CD11a/18, CD44, CD90 CD105 and MHC class I and II), but did not express
hematopoietic markers (CD34 and CD45). Taken together, the results show that eDPCs can be isolated from discarded wolf teeth, and they satisfy the minimal
criteria for MSCs. Thus, these eDPCs can be referred to as equine DPSCs (eDPSCs). These eDPSCs may become a new source for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ishikawa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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