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Ma W, Li X, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Xi Y, Ma J, Wang Z. Novel insights on room temperature-induced cellulose dissolution mechanism via ZnCl 2 aqueous solution: Migration, penetration, interaction, and dispersion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132912. [PMID: 38851617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The unique molecular structure of cellulose makes it challenging to dissolve at room temperature (R.T.), and the dissolution mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we employed ZnCl2 aqueous solution for cellulose dissolution at R.T., proposing a novel four-stage dissolution mechanism. The efficient dissolution of cellulose in ZnCl2 aqueous solution at R.T. involves four indispensable stages: rapid migration of hydrated Zn2+ ions towards cellulose, sufficient penetration between cellulose sheets, strong interaction with cellulose hydroxyl groups, and effective dispersion of separated cellulose chains. The proposed four-stage dissolution mechanism was validated through theoretical calculations and experimental evidence. The hydrated Zn2+ ions in ZnCl2 + 3.5H2O solvent exhibited ideal migration, penetration, interaction, and dispersion abilities, resulting in efficient cellulose dissolution at R.T. Moreover, only slight degradation of cellulose occurred in ZnCl2 + 3.5H2O at R.T. Consequently, the regenerated cellulose materials obtained from ZnCl2 + 3.5H2O (R.T.) exhibited better mechanical properties. Notably, the solvent recovery rate reached about 95 % based on previous usage during five cycles. The solvent is outstanding for its green, low-cost, efficiency, simplicity, R.T. conditions and recyclability. This work contributes to a better understanding of the cellulose dissolution mechanisms within inorganic salt solvents at R.T., thereby guiding future development efforts towards greener and more efficient cellulosic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuliang Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinxia Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Effects of Ca-Compounds on the Gases Formation Behavior during Molten Salts Thermal Treatment of Bio-Waste. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-waste utilization is essential, and pyrolysis is a prominent way for its effective utilization. However, the gradual accumulation of ash compounds in the intermediate products probably affects the thermal conversion characteristics of bio-waste. In the present study, beech wood and disposable chopsticks were selected as bio-waste samples. The effects of typical ash components (Ca-compounds) on volatile formation behavior were investigated during the molten salts thermal treatment of bio-waste. Results demonstrated that about 80% mass of initial bio-waste was gasified into the volatiles at 300 °C. The introduction of Ca-compounds in the molten salts slightly decreased the total yield of gaseous products. More specifically, Ca2+ could improve the generation of CO2 and suppress the generation of other gases (CO, H2, and CH4), and this is accompanied by a reduction in the low heating value (LHV) of the gases. The possible reason is that Ca2+ might act on the -OH bonds, phenyl C-C bond, methoxy bond and carboxylic acid -COOH bonds of the bio-waste to promote CO2 release. In contrast, the introduction of CO32− and OH- tended to relieve the inhibition effect of Ca2+ on the generation of H-containing gases. Meanwhile, the introduction of Ca2+ can promote the conversion of bio-waste into liquid products as well as increase the saturation level of liquid products. Moreover, as a vital form of carbon storage, CO2 was found to be abundant in the pyrolysis gases from molten salts thermal treatment of bio-waste, and the concentration of CO2 was much higher than that of direct-combustion or co-combustion with coal. It’s a promising way for bio-waste energy conversion as well as synchronized CO2 capture by using molten salts thermal treatment, while the introduction of small amounts of Ca-compounds was found to have no significant effect on the change of CO2 concentration.
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Jeong MJ, Lee S, Yang BS, Potthast A, Kang KY. Cellulose Degradation by Calcium Thiocyanate. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091494. [PMID: 31547450 PMCID: PMC6780712 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissolution process of cellulose aerogels is an important part of their production. However, if the cellulose is severely degraded during the dissolution process, the quality may be low. To evaluate the degradation of cellulose during the dissolution process using calcium thiocyanate, the hydrolysis and oxidation of cellulose were evaluated by the change in absolute molecular weight and by the changes in the content of carboxyl and carbonyl groups introduced into the cellulose hydroxyl group, respectively. A noteworthy hydrolysis phenomenon was found in the cellulose dissolution process. The rate of hydrolysis increased as the number of hydrates in calcium thiocyanate decreased and as the reaction temperature increased. In the case of the reaction with calcium thiocyanate containing six hydrates, the time to reach a 50% loss of the degree of polymerization of cellulose reduced from 196 to 47 min as the reaction temperature was increased from 100 to 120 °C; however, the effect on oxidation was not significant. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area reduced as the degree of cellulose polymerization decreased. Therefore, it is necessary to consider how the cellulose degradation occurring during the cellulosic dissolution process can affect the quality of the final cellulose aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Joon Jeong
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Sinah Lee
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea.
| | - Bong Suk Yang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea.
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department of Chemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Kyu-Young Kang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea.
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Zhang L, Zhao Y, Qian JY, Jiang S, Liu J, He XL. Relationship between multi-scale structures and properties of photophobic films based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and monosodium phosphate. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:572-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Karadagli I, Schulz B, Schestakow M, Milow B, Gries T, Ratke L. Production of porous cellulose aerogel fibers by an extrusion process. J Supercrit Fluids 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wan C, Lu Y, Jiao Y, Jin C, Sun Q, Li J. Ultralight and hydrophobic nanofibrillated cellulose aerogels from coconut shell with ultrastrong adsorption properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caichao Wan
- Material Science and Engineering College; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Yun Lu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Beijing 100091 China
| | - Yue Jiao
- Material Science and Engineering College; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Chunde Jin
- School of Engineering; Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University; Lin'an 311300 China
| | - Qingfeng Sun
- School of Engineering; Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University; Lin'an 311300 China
| | - Jian Li
- Material Science and Engineering College; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin 150040 China
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Mahmud-Ali A, Bechtold T. Aqueous thiocyanate–urea solution as a powerful non-alkaline swelling agent for cellulose fibres. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:124-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shiraishi S, Sakata Y, Yamaguchi H. Practical application to time indicator of a novel white film formed by interaction of calcium salts with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Int J Pharm 2010; 383:255-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fischer S, Thümmler K. Molten Inorganic Salts as Reaction Medium for Cellulose. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2010-1033.ch004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Fischer
- Institute of wood and plant chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - K. Thümmler
- Institute of wood and plant chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
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Östlund Å, Lundberg D, Nordstierna L, Holmberg K, Nydén M. Dissolution and Gelation of Cellulose in TBAF/DMSO Solutions: The Roles of Fluoride Ions and Water. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2401-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900667q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Östlund
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dan Lundberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lars Nordstierna
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Krister Holmberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Magnus Nydén
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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El-Wakil NA, Hassan ML. Structural changes of regenerated cellulose dissolved in FeTNa, NaOH/thiourea, and NMMO systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Deguchi S, Tsudome M, Shen Y, Konishi S, Tsujii K, Ito S, Horikoshi K. Preparation and characterisation of nanofibrous cellulose plate as a new solid support for microbial culture. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:1170-1175. [PMID: 32900038 DOI: 10.1039/b702504a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porous plates made of nanofibrous crystalline cellulose were prepared, and used as a solid support for microbial cultures. Representative mesophilic microorganisms (, , and ) grew on the cellulose plate, just as well as they did on the conventional agar plate. optical microscopic examination revealed that the cellulose plate remained unchanged up to 280 °C at a constant pressure of 25 MPa. Due to the structural stability at high temperatures, a representative thermophile, , was cultured successfully on the cellulose plate at 80 °C. Mouse fibroblast cells did not show significant adhesion or extension on the cellulose plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Deguchi
- Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Mikiko Tsudome
- Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Yihong Shen
- Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Tsujii
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Susumu Ito
- Creative Research Initiative (CRIS), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Koki Horikoshi
- Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
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Ruan D, Zhang L, Zhou J, Jin H, Chen H. Structure and Properties of Novel Fibers Spun from Cellulose in NaOH/Thiourea Aqueous Solution. Macromol Biosci 2004; 4:1105-12. [PMID: 15586387 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose was dissolved rapidly in a NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution (9.5:4.5 in wt.-%) to prepare a transparent cellulose solution, which was employed, for the first time, to spin a new class of regenerated cellulose fibers by wet spinning. The structure and mechanical properties of the resulting cellulose fibers were characterized, and compared with those of commercially available viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon and Lyocell fibers. The results from wide angle X-ray diffraction and CP/MAS 13C NMR indicated that the novel cellulose fibers have a structure typical for a family II cellulose and possessed relatively high degrees of crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy images revealed that the cross-section of the fibers is circular, similar to natural silk. The new fibers have higher molecular weights and better mechanical properties than those of viscose rayon. This low-cost technology is simple, different from the polluting viscose process. The dissolution and regeneration of the cellulose in the NaOH/thiourea aqueous solutions were a physical process and a sol-gel transition rather than a chemical reaction, leading to the smoothness and luster of the fibers. This work provides a potential application in the field of functional fiber manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Zhou J, Zhang L, Cai J. Behavior of cellulose in NaOH/Urea aqueous solution characterized by light scattering and viscometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhang L, Ruan D, Gao S. Dissolution and regeneration of cellulose in NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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