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Conejo-Dávila AS, Moya-Quevedo MA, Chávez-Flores D, Vega-Rios A, Zaragoza-Contreras EA. Role of the Anilinium Ion on the Selective Polymerization of Anilinium 2-Acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142349. [PMID: 34301106 PMCID: PMC8309539 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of anilinium 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate (Ani-AMPS) monomer, confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR, is systematically studied. Ani-AMPS contains two polymerizable functional groups, so it was submitted to selective polymerization either by free-radical or oxidative polymerization. Therefore, poly(anilinium 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic) [Poly(Ani-AMPS)] and polyaniline doped with 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid [PAni-AMPS] can be obtained. First, the acrylamide polymer, poly(Ani-AMPS), favored the π-stacking of the anilinium group produced by the inter- and intra-molecular interactions and was studied utilizing 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and UV-Vis-NIR. Furthermore, poly(Ani-AMPS) fluorescence shows quenching in the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the emission spectrum at 347 nm. In contrast, the typical behavior of polyaniline is observed in the cyclic voltammetry analysis for PAni-AMPS. The optical properties also show a significant change at pH 4.4. The PAni-AMPS structure was corroborated through FTIR, while the thermal properties and morphology were analyzed utilizing TGA, DSC (except PAni-AMPS), and FESEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Salvador Conejo-Dávila
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (A.S.C.-D.); (M.A.M.-Q.)
| | - Marco Armando Moya-Quevedo
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (A.S.C.-D.); (M.A.M.-Q.)
| | - David Chávez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Vega-Rios
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (A.S.C.-D.); (M.A.M.-Q.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.-R.); (E.A.Z.-C.)
| | - Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (A.S.C.-D.); (M.A.M.-Q.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.-R.); (E.A.Z.-C.)
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Maeda H, Endo S, Ouchi T, Mizuno K, Segi M. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 2,11-Dioxa[3.3]metacyclophanes. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Maeda
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192
| | - Shinsuke Endo
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192
| | - Takashi Ouchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Kazuhiko Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Masahito Segi
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192
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Hayamizu T, Maeda H, Ouchi T, Kakiuchi N, Mizuno K. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 2,11-Disila[3.3]metacyclophanes. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Hayamizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka Prefecture University; 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku 599-8531 Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka Prefecture University; 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku 599-8531 Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Takashi Ouchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka Prefecture University; 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku 599-8531 Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Naoki Kakiuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka Prefecture University; 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku 599-8531 Sakai Osaka Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka Prefecture University; 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku 599-8531 Sakai Osaka Japan
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Zou LY, Ren AM, Ran XQ, Ren XF, Feng JK. Theoretical design study on photophysical property of the organoboron quinolate derivatives. Theor Chem Acc 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-011-0888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Through-space conjugated polymers consisting of [2.2]paracyclophane. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zou LY, Zhang ZL, Ren AM, Ran XQ, Feng JK. Theoretical design study on photophysical property of the B–N derivatives for OLED applications. Theor Chem Acc 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-009-0695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin L, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Synthesis of through-space conjugated polymers containing [2.2]paracyclophane and thieno[3,4-b
]pyrazine in the main chain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Synthesis of π-Stacked Polymers on the Basis of [2.2]Paracyclophane. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zou LY, Ren AM, Feng JK, Liu YL, Ran XQ, Sun CC. Theoretical study on photophysical properties of multifunctional electroluminescent molecules with different pi-conjugated bridges. J Phys Chem A 2009; 112:12172-8. [PMID: 18959398 DOI: 10.1021/jp8032462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of a series of molecular organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been studied by theoretical calculation. These molecular OLEDs have been integrated by an electron- and hole-transporting components as well as an emitting components into the donor-pi-acceptor (D-pi-A) structures: 2-carbazolyl-7-dimesitylboryl-9,9-diethylfluorene (1), trans-4'-N-carbazolyl-4-dimesitylborylstilbene (2), and trans-2-[(4'-N-carbazolyl)styryl]-5-dimesitylborylthiophene (3). To reveal the relationship between the structures and properties of these multifunctional electroluminescent materials, the ground- and excited-state geometries were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d), HF/6-31G(d), and CIS/6-31G(d) levels, respectively. The ionization potentials and electron affinities were computed. The mobilities of hole and electron in these compounds were studied computationally based on the Marcus electron transfer theory. The lowest excitation energies (E(g)) and the maximum absorption and emission wavelengths of these compounds were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory methods. The solvent effect on the emission spectra of these compounds was considered by a polarizable continuum model. As a result of these calculations, it was concluded that the electron injections of these compounds are much easier than Mes(2)B[p-4,4'-biphenyl-NPh(1-naphthyl)], and the diethylfluorene-based compound has higher electron mobility and better equilibrium properties as compared to the stilbene-based and styrylthiophene-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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Chen XY, Barnes C, Dias J, Sandreczki T. Investigation of sp2-sp Coupling for Electron-Enriched Aryl Dihalides under Oxygen-Free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction Conditions Using a Two-Chamber Reaction System. Chemistry 2009; 15:2041-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hopf H. [2.2]Paracyclophanes in Polymer Chemistry and Materials Science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9808-12. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yamaguchi I, Shingai S, Sato M. Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Pyridinium Salts with Piperazine To Give Ionic Polymers with Expanded π-Conjugation System Derived from Through-Space Interaction in a Piperazinium Ring. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8007042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Yamaguchi
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Saki Shingai
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Moriyuki Sato
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
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Morisaki Y, Shiotani Y, Lin L, Chujo Y. Synthesis of PAMAM Dendrimers Possessing [2.2]Paracyclophane on Their Surface. Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2008046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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LI LJ, FENG JK, REN AM, TIAN WQ. Theoretical Studies on the Electronic and Optical Properties of a New Class of Aromatic Oligomers and Polymers. CHINESE J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200890152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Through-Space Conjugated Polymers Based on Cyclophanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:6430-7. [PMID: 16906607 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers display unique electronic and optical properties, which favor their use in applications as optoelectronic materials and molecular devices. Despite the recent remarkable progress in the chemistry of conjugated polymers, the synthesis of conjugated polymers containing cyclophane units in the main chain is limited to only a few examples. This Minireview presents recent developments in the synthesis, properties, and applications of through-space conjugated polymers based on cyclophanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Ishida T, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Synthesis of covalently bonded nanostructure from two porphyrin molecular wires leading to a molecular tube. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.05.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Morisaki Y, Ishida T, Chujo Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Dithia[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane-Containing Polymers: Application to the Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Reaction. Org Lett 2006; 8:1029-32. [PMID: 16524260 DOI: 10.1021/ol0529290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] We synthesized zigzag polymers consisting of dithia[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane units that were flipped rapidly as a result of syn-[anti]-syn isomerization. Pyridinophane units were fixed in the syn form by complexation with palladium, and the resulting polymer complex exhibited a high catalytic activity for the Heck coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Yang L, Feng JK, Ren AM. Theoretical studies on the electronic and optical properties of two thiophene–fluorene based π-conjugated copolymers. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Novel π-conjugated cyclophane polymers containing phenylamine moieties with strong blue-light emission. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hong JW, Woo HY, Liu B, Bazan GC. Solvatochromism of Distyrylbenzene Pairs Bound Together by [2.2]Paracyclophane: Evidence for a Polarizable “Through-Space” Delocalized State. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:7435-43. [PMID: 15898793 DOI: 10.1021/ja044326+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds were designed and synthesized to examine how through-space and through-bond electron delocalization respond to solvent effects. The general strategy involves the study of "dimers" of the distyrylbenzene chromophore held in close proximity by the [2.2]paracyclophane core and a systematic dissection of the chromophore into components with through-space and through-bond electronic delocalization. Steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in a range of solvents reveals a red-shift in emission and an increase in the intrinsic fluorescence lifetime for the emitting state in polar solvents when donor substituents are absent. We propose that through-space delocalization across the [2.2]paracyclophane core is more polarizable in the excited state, relative to the through-bond (distyrylbenzene based) excited state. When strong donors are attached to the distyrylbenzene chromophore, the charge transfer character of the distyrylbenzene-based excited state dominates fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice W Hong
- Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Materials and Chemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, 93106, USA
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Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Novel Through-Space Conjugated Polymers Consisting of Alternate [2.2]Paracyclophane and Fluorene. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.78.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Yang L, Feng JK, Ren AM. Theoretical studies on the electronic and optical properties of two new alternating fluorene/carbazole copolymers. J Comput Chem 2005; 26:969-79. [PMID: 15880802 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poly(fluorene)-type materials are widely used in polymer-based emitting devices. During operation there appears, however, an additional emission peak at around 2.3 eV, leading to both a color instability and reduced efficiency. The incorporation of the carbazole units has been proven to efficiently suppress the keto defect emission. In this contribution, we apply quantum-chemical techniques to investigate two series of alternating fluorene/carbazole oligomers and copolymers poly[2,7-(N-(2-methyl)-carbazole)-co-alt-2,7-m(9,9-dimethylfluorene)], namely, PFmCz (m = 1,2) and gain a detailed understanding of the influence of carbazole units on the electronic and optical properties of fluorene derivatives. The electronic properties of the neutral molecules, HOMO-LUMO gaps (Delta(H-L)), in addition to the positive and negative ions, are studied using B3LYP functional. The lowest excitation energies (E(g)s) and the maximal absorption wavelength lambda(abs) of PFmCz (m = 1,2) are studied, employing the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The properties of the two copolymers, such as Delta(H-L), E(g), IPs, and EAs were obtained by extrapolating those of the oligomers to the inverse chain length equal to zero (1/n = 0). The outcomes showed that the carbazole unit is a good electron-donating moiety for electronic materials, and the incorporation of carbazole into the polyfluorene (PF) backbone resulted in a broadened energy gap and a blue shift of both the absorption and photoluminescence emission peaks. Most importantly, the HOMO energies of PF1Cz and PF2Cz are both a higher average (0.4 eV) than polyfluorene (PF), which directly results in the decreasing of IPs of about 0.2 eV more than PF, indicating that the carbazole units have significantly improved the hole injection properties of the copolymers. In addition, the energy gap tends to broaden and the absorption and emission peaks are gradually blue-shifted to shorter wavelengths with an increase in the carbazole content in the copolymers. This is due to the interruption of the longer conjugation length of the backbone in the (F1Cz)(n) series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
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Morisaki Y, Wada N, Chujo Y. Novel Conjugated Polymers Containing [2.2]Paracyclophane and Carbazole Units with Efficient Photoluminescence. Polym Bull (Berl) 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-004-0316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Novel [2.2]Paracyclophane−Fluorene-Based Conjugated Copolymers: Synthesis, Optical, and Electrochemical Properties. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0305434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Morisaki Y, Ishida T, Tanaka H, Chujo Y. Synthesis and properties of the [2.2]paracyclophane-containing conjugated polymer with benzothiadiazole as an electron acceptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Through-Space Conjugated Polymer with [2.2]Paracyclophane and Ferrocene in the Main Chain. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030464s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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