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Holmes-Martin K, Zhu M, Xiao S, Arab Hassani F. Advances in Assistive Electronic Device Solutions for Urology. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040551. [PMID: 35457855 PMCID: PMC9028141 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent technology advances have led urology to become one of the leading specialities to utilise novel electronic systems to manage urological ailments. Contemporary bladder management strategies such as urinary catheters can provide a solution but leave the user mentally and physically debilitated. The unique properties of modern electronic devices, i.e., flexibility, stretchability, and biocompatibility, have allowed a plethora of new technologies to emerge. Many novel electronic device solutions in urology have been developed for treating impaired bladder disorders. These disorders include overactive bladder (OAB), underactive bladder (UAB) and other-urinary-affecting disorders (OUAD). This paper reviews common causes and conservative treatment strategies for OAB, UAB and OUAD, discussing the challenges and drawbacks of such treatments. Subsequently, this paper gives insight into clinically approved and research-based electronic advances in urology. Advances in this area cover bladder-stimulation and -monitoring devices, robot-assistive surgery, and bladder and sphincter prosthesis. This study aims to introduce the latest advances in electronic solutions for urology, comparing their advantages and disadvantages, and concluding with open problems for future urological device solutions.
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Jiang C, Tong Z, Fang WL, Fu QB, Gu YJ, Lv TT, Liu DM, Xue W, Lv JW. Microrna-139-5p inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis in post-menopausal women with interstitial cystitis by targeting LPAR4 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6429-6441. [PMID: 29240250 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The study explores whether miR-139-5p targeting LPAR4 affects epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis in post-menopausal women with interstitial cystitis (IC) via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Bladder tissues of IC and normal bladder tissues were collected. The pathology of bladder tissues was observed by HE, Masson and Picrosirius red staining. LPAR4 positive expression rate were determined by IHC. ELISA was performed to detect the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. Rat IC models were randomized into seven different groups. miR-139-5p, LPAR1, LPAR2, LPAR3, LPAR4, LPAR5, P13K, Akt, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, TGF-β1, and CTGF expression were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified that LPAR4 is a target gene of miR-139-5p. Fibrosis was a pathological manifestation of IC. The IC group showed higher LPAR4, PI3K, Akt, p-PI3K, p-Akt, N-cadherin, Vimentin, TGF-β1, and CTGF expression but lower miR-139-5p and E-cadherin expression than the normal group. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α expression decreased while HB-EGF increased in the IC group in comparison of the normal group. Compared with the blank and NC groups, E-cadherin expression was increased in the miR-139-5p mimic and siRNA-LPAR4 groups, while LPAR4, PI3K, Akt, p-P13K, p-Akt, N-cadherin, Vimentin, TGF-β1, and CTGF expression were decreased. An opposite trend was found in the miR-139-5p inhibitor group. The miR-139-5p decreased in the miR-139-5p inhibitor + siRNA-LPAR4 and miR-139-5p inhibitor + wortmannin groups. Conclusively, miR-139-5p targeting LPAR4 inhibits EMT and fibrosis in post-menopausal IC women through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Department of Urology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Tong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Lin Fang
- Department of Urology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Bo Fu
- Department of Urology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Jun Gu
- Department of Urology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Lv
- Department of Urology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Lv
- Department of Urology, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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