Upper and lower limb resistance training program versus high-intensity interval training on oxidative stress markers in university athletes

HIIT serves as an efficient training strategy for basketball players by improving blood fluidity and decreasing oxidative stress

BACKGROUND

A challenge for coaches and athletes is to find the best combination of exercises during training. Considering its favorable effects, HIIT has been very popular recently.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to investigate anthropometric features, performance, erythrocyte deformability, plasma viscosity (PV) and oxidative stress in response to acute and long-term (6 weeks) HIIT in adolescent basketball players.

METHODS

22 sportsmen between the ages of 14-16 were included. Tabata protocol was applied to the HIIT group in addition to their routine training program 3 days/week, for 6 weeks. Erythrocyte deformability was determined using an ectacytometer (LORCA), PV with a rotational viscometer. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured by kits.

RESULTS

HIIT for 6 weeks induced an improvement in performance tests and waist circumference. 6 weeks of HIIT resulted in a decrement, while the last exercise session yielded an increment in RBC deformability. PV and TOS of HIIT groups were decreased on the 6th week.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results demonstrate that, HIIT in addition to the routine exercise program is beneficial for improving performance and blood fluidity as well as decreasing oxidative stress in basketball players. Therefore, HIIT seems as an efficient training strategy for highly-trained individuals.

Effects of recreational small-sided games from different team sports on the improvement of aerobic fitness in youth sedentary populations: A systematic review

Aerobic fitness is a critical aspect of overall health and well-being, essential for maintaining a high quality of life. Unfortunately, sedentary behavior has been on the rise among young adults, and this has had a negative impact on their aerobic fitness levels. Therefore, it is crucial to identify enjoyable physical exercise training programs that can play a pivotal role in improving aerobic fitness. The objective of this study was to systematically review the experimental studies concerning the impact of small-sided games (SSGs) training programs, implemented across various team sports, on the enhancement of aerobic fitness in a youth sedentary population. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science on August 01, 2023. Our eligibility criteria focused on studies involving sedentary youth populations (aged <18 years) as the target population. These studies needed to incorporate interventions based on SSGs as the intervention of interest, comparing them to passive or control groups as the comparator. The primary outcomes of interest were related to maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), assessed either directly or indirectly, or the results of field-based cardiorespiratory tests. We specifically considered two- or multi-arm randomized controlled studies as the study design of interest. Out of the initial pool of 1980 studies, we reviewed 38 full-text articles, ultimately selecting and analyzing 13 studies for inclusion in our review. Among the studies included, a total of 1281 participants were enrolled in SSG-based interventions, while 744 participants acted as part of the control groups. Regarding the impact on VO2max, the six studies that investigated this outcome showed varying improvements, ranging from 2.2 % to 31.3 % when participants were exposed to SSGs. In terms of the outcome related to endurance performance in field-based tests, the eight studies that examined this aspect found that participants exposed to SSGs showed improvements ranging from 0.1 % to 79.8 %. In conclusion, this systematic review suggests that SSG-based interventions conducted among sedentary youth populations can play a positive role in improving their aerobic fitness. This improvement in aerobic fitness can have potential positive impacts on their overall health and quality of life.

Effects of chronic core training on serum and erythrocyte oxidative stress parameters in amputee football players

Objective: The positive impact of aerobic exercise on blood oxidative stress parameters is well documented. However, the effect of core exercises on these parameters in amputee football players (AF) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of core exercises on blood oxidative stress parameters in this population. Methods: Experimental method was adopted in the study. Eleven elite AF players participated in the study. The participants were divided randomly into two groups a core exercise group (CEG) and a control group (CG). Blood measurements were taken before and after the 8-week core exercise program. Blood measurements included erythrocyte Total Oxidant Status (eTOS), erythrocyte Total Antioxidant Status (eTAS), erythrocyte oxidative stress index (eOSI), serum nitric oxide (sNO), serum Total Oxidant Status (sTOS), serum Total Antioxidant Status (sTAS), serum oxidative stress index (sOSI), serum total thiol (sTT), serum native thiol (sNT), and serum disulfide (sDS) parameters were studied. Results: According to the results of the study, a significant difference was found between the 0th and eighth week pre-aerobic training load (ATL) sTOS (p = .028) values of CEG values. A significant difference was found in sTOS (p = .028) and sOSI (p = .028) values after the 0th and eighth-week pre-ATL. A significant difference was found in the sTOS (p = .043) and sOSI values (p = .043) of CG at week 0th and eighth-week pre-ATL. Conclusion: Overall, the results suggest that core exercises had a positive effect on blood oxidative stress parameters in AF players by reducing blood total oxidant levels.

EFFECTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON THE ANAEROBIC CAPACITY OF WRESTLERS

ABSTRACT Introduction Since the Wingate anaerobic experiment was proposed in the 1970s, it has come to be used as an important detection method to evaluate athletes’ high-power sport capacity, the effect of training, and the training method. Therefore, it is often used to measure and evaluate the anaerobic work capacity of the human body. Objective Analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training on the anaerobic capacity of male wrestlers. Methods Professional wrestlers from a sports college were selected, as well as 30 college students majoring in physical education at a sports college, to compare the anaerobic power test. Results When evaluated by the Wingate anaerobic experiment, the value level of anaerobic power of training effects is best reflected in the first 10 s of the wrestling anaerobic experiment. The 30 s Wingate mainly reflects the effect of wrestling training on human anaerobic power, but the evaluation of anaerobic capacity from this period was not evidenced. Conclusion The Wingate anaerobic experiment is an important method for evaluating the level of wrestling training and can be used as a basis for evaluating the effect of training and the level of wrestling. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

High-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training ameliorate the deteriorating acute effect of noise stress on corticosterone and testosterone in rats

PURPOSE

Noise has become an integral part of human life. Noise stress affect various physiological indices. In the present study, the effects of acute noise stress on corticosterone and testosterone and testosterone to cortisol ratio (T/C) in male rats, trained with two types of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) were evaluated.

METHODS

42 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into seven groups, including the control group (C), control time (CT), exposure to acute noise stress (S), HIIT, MCT, HIIT with noise stress (HIIT + S), and MCT with noise stress (MCT + S). Exercise groups performed eight weeks of exercise training. One session of stress was induced in stress groups following the intervention (exercise or rest) period. Serum levels of corticosterone and T/C were measured through blood samples, taken 48 hours following the last session of exercise in the four exercise groups without noise stress and time control. Immediately after noise stress, blood samples were taken in 3 stress groups.

RESULTS

Serum level of corticosterone in the MCT group was significantly higher than CT and HIIT groups (P = 0.001). Considering the effect of acute noise stress, corticosterone was significantly higher in HIIT + S and MCT + S, respectively, compared to the noise stress group (P < 0.001). Testosterone level of the noise stress group was significantly lower than CT group (P < 0.001). Testosterone level in the S group was significantly lower than other stress groups (MCT + S and HIIT + S) (P < 0.001). T/C in HIIT + S group was significantly higher compared to S and MCT + S groups (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

HIIT and MCT, by priority, ameliorated the deteriorating effect of noise stress on testosterone and T/C; and it appears that the intensity and mode of previous exercise training affect the hormonal response to noise stress.

High-intensity interval training modulates inflammatory response in Parkinson's disease

Background

Recent discoveries show that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can bring many positive effects such as decreases in fat tissue, lower blood sugar levels, improved learning and memory, and lower risk of cardiac disease. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of the dopaminergic neurons, accompanied by chronic inflammation and neuroinflammation. Previous research shows that interval training can bring a beneficial effect on the inflammation and neuroplasticity in PD.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of HIIT on the inflammation levels and antioxidant capacity in the serum of PD patients.

Methods

Twenty-eight people diagnosed with PD were enrolled in this study. Fifteen PD patients performed 12 weeks of HIIT on a cycloergometer. Thirteen non-exercised PD patients constitute the control group. Concentrations of inflammation markers and antioxidants’ capacity in the serum were measured at 3 sampling points (a week before, a week after, and 3 months after the HIIT).

Results

Twelve weeks of HIIT decreases the level of TNF-α (p = 0.034) and increases the level of IL-10 (p = 0.024). Those changes were accompanied by a decreased level of neutrophils (p = 0.03), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.048) and neutrophil/monocyte ratio (p = 0.0049) with increases in superoxide dismutase levels (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Twelve weeks of HIIT can decrease systemic inflammation in PD patients and improve the antioxidant capacity in their serum, which can slow down the progression of the disease.

Effects of Ibuprofen Use on Lymphocyte Count and Oxidative Stress in Elite Paralympic Powerlifting

Simple Summary

Paralympic Powerlifting (PP) is a strength sport and training tends to promote fatigue. Ten national-level PP athletes were evaluated concerning post-training oxidative stress using Ibuprofen and a placebo. Strength indicators were evaluated. The training consisted of five sets of five repetitions (80–90% 1-Repetition Maximum) in the bench press. The IBU had a positive effect on strength indicators, with decreased fatigue and increased lymphocyte count. There were no differences in oxidative stress. The use of IBU provided improvements in strength and fatigue reduction and did not protect against oxidative stress.

Abstract

Background: Paralympic Powerlifting (PP) training tends to promote fatigue and oxidative stress. Objective: To analyze the effects of ibuprofen use on performance and oxidative stress in post-training PP athletes. Methodology: Ten national level PP athletes (age: 27.13 ± 5.57) were analyzed for oxidative stress in post-training. The study was carried out in three weeks, (1) familiarization and (2 and 3) evaluated the recovery with the use of a placebo (PLA) and ibuprofen (IBU), 800 mg. The Peak Torque (PT), Torque Development Rate (TDR), Fatigue Index (FI), reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and sulfhydryl groups (SH) were evaluated. The training consisted of five sets of five repetitions (80–90%) 1-Repetition Maximum (1-RM) in the bench press. Results: The IBU showed a higher PT (24 and 48 h, p = 0.04, ɳ² p = 0.39), a lower FI (24 h, p = 0.01, ɳ²p = 0.74) and an increased lymphocyte count (p < 0.001; ɳ²p = 4.36). There was no change in oxidative stress. Conclusions: The use of IBU provided improvements in strength and did not protect against oxidative stress.