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Jin JJ, Ko IG, Hwang L, Kim SH, Jee YS, Jeon H, Park SB, Jeon JW. Simultaneous Treatment of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid and Treadmill Exercise More Effectively Improves Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5076. [PMID: 38791116 PMCID: PMC11120947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by continuous mucosal ulceration of the colon, starting in the rectum. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is the main therapy for ulcerative colitis; however, it has side effects. Physical exercise effectively increases the number of anti-inflammatory and anti-immune cells in the body. In the current study, the effects of simultaneous treatment of treadmill exercise and 5-ASA were compared with monotherapy with physical exercise or 5-ASA in UC mice. To induce the UC animal model, the mice consumed 2% dextran sulfate sodium dissolved in drinking water for 7 days. The mice in the exercise groups exercised on a treadmill for 1 h once a day for 14 days after UC induction. The 5-ASA-treated groups received 5-ASA by enema injection using a 200 μL polyethylene catheter once a day for 14 days. Simultaneous treatment improved histological damage and increased body weight, colon weight, and colon length, whereas the disease activity index score and collagen deposition were decreased. Simultaneous treatment with treadmill exercise and 5-ASA suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis following UC. The benefits of this simultaneous treatment may be due to inhibition on nuclear factor-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling activation. Based on this study, simultaneous treatment of treadmill exercise and 5-ASA can be considered as a new therapy of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jang Jin
- Team of Efficacy Evaluation, Orient Genia Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (J.-J.J.); (L.H.)
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Research Support Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Team of Efficacy Evaluation, Orient Genia Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (J.-J.J.); (L.H.)
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The Stat University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Yong-Seok Jee
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, Seosan 31962, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeon Jeon
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su Bee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung Won Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea;
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Kholghi G, Alipour V, Rezaie M, Zarrindast MR, Vaseghi S. The Interaction Effect of Sleep Deprivation and Treadmill Exercise in Various Durations on Spatial Memory with Respect to the Oxidative Status of Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2077-2092. [PMID: 36786943 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) has deleterious effects on cognitive functions including learning and memory. However, some studies have shown that SD can improve cognitive functions. Interestingly, treadmill exercise has both impairment and improvement effects on memory function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SD for 4 (short-term) and 24 (long-term) hours, and two protocols of treadmill exercise (mild short-term and moderate long-term) on spatial memory performance, and oxidative and antioxidant markers in the serum of rats. Morris Water Maze apparatus was used to assess spatial memory performance. Also, SD was done using gentle handling method. In addition, the serum level of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was measured. The results showed that 24 h SD (but not 4 h) had negative effect on spatial memory performance, decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px level, and increased MDA level. Long-term moderate (but not short-term mild) treadmill exercise had also negative effect on spatial memory performance, decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px level, and increased MDA level. Interestingly, both protocols of treadmill exercise reversed spatial memory impairment and oxidative stress induced by 24 h SD. In conclusion, it seems that SD and treadmill exercise interact with each other, and moderate long-term exercise can reverse the negative effects of long-term SD on memory and oxidative status; although, it disrupted memory function and increased oxidative stress by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Vahide Alipour
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maede Rezaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1419815477, Karaj, Iran.
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Gorgij E, Fanaei H, Yaghmaei P, Shahraki MR, Mirahmadi H. Maternal treadmill exercise ameliorates impairment of neurological outcome, caspase-1 and NLRP3 gene expression alteration in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:228-234. [PMID: 36742136 PMCID: PMC9869874 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.66183.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is one of the most important causes of neurological disorders in children. Various studies suggest that maternal exercise during pregnancy has a beneficial impact on the health status of offspring infants. In this study, the effect of maternal treadmill exercise during pregnancy on neurological and molecular changes induced by HI in newborn rats was investigated. Materials and Methods In this experiment, 24 pregnant female rats were divided into two groups; the first group was subjected to treadmill exercise for six weeks. The treadmill exercise program was initiated by running for 17 min at 5-10 m/min at 0 inclination in the first week, followed by running for 21 min at 5-25 m/min at 5° inclination in the second week, running for 25 min at 5-30 m/min at 10° inclination in the third and fourth weeks, running for 25 min at 5-15 m/min at 10° inclination in the fifth and sixth weeks. The second group was left untreated and did not perform the exercise. Newborn rats were assigned to four groups; (1) control, (2) control+exercise, (3) HI, and (4) HI+exercise. HI was developed in the offspring on the 8th postnatal day. One week following the induction of HI, the Garcia test was carried out. The histological morphology of neonates was assessed, and the expression levels of caspase-1 and NLRP3 were evaluated. Results The data showed that maternal exercise during pregnancy significantly improved neural cell death (P<0.001) and the Garcia score (P<0.05), while it attenuated the expression levels of caspase-1 (P<0.001) and NLRP3 (P<0.05) genes in newborn rats induced by HI. Conclusion These results demonstrated that maternal treadmill exercise during pregnancy could reverse the neurological deficits, as well as the expression levels of caspase-1 and NLRP3 genes, which occur in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Gorgij
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Fanaei
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Parichehr Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Parichehr Yaghmaei. Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Swimming Suppresses Cognitive Decline of HFD-Induced Obese Mice through Reversing Hippocampal Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and BDNF Level. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122432. [PMID: 35745162 PMCID: PMC9228449 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important public health problem nowadays. Long-term obesity can trigger a series of chronic diseases and impair the learning and memory function of the brain. Current studies show that scientific exercise can effectively improve learning and memory capacity, which also can provide benefits for obese people. However, the underlying mechanisms for the improvement of cognitive capacity under the status of obesity still need to be further explored. In the present study, the obesity-induced cognition-declined model was established using 4-week-old mice continuously fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, and then the model mice were subjected to an 8-week swimming intervention and corresponding evaluation of relevant indicators, including cognitive capacity, inflammation, insulin signal pathway, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), and apoptosis, for exploring potential regulatory mechanisms. Compared with the mice fed with regular diets, the obese mice revealed the impairment of cognitive capacity; in contrast, swimming intervention ameliorated the decline in cognitive capacity of obese mice by reducing inflammatory factors, inhibiting the JNK/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signal pathway, and activating the PGC-1α/BDNF signal pathway, thereby suppressing the apoptosis of neurons. Therefore, swimming may be an important interventional strategy to compensate for obesity-induced cognitive impairment.
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Ebrahimnejad M, Azizi P, Alipour V, Zarrindast MR, Vaseghi S. Complicated Role of Exercise in Modulating Memory: A Discussion of the Mechanisms Involved. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1477-1490. [PMID: 35195832 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has shown the beneficial effects of exercise on learning and memory. However, many studies have reported controversial results, indicating that exercise can impair learning and memory. In this article, we aimed to review basic studies reporting inconsistent complicated effects of exercise on memory in rodents. Also, we discussed the mechanisms involved in the effects of exercise on memory processes. In addition, we tried to find scientific answers to justify the inconsistent results. In this article, the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (involved in synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis), and vascular endothelial growth factor, nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, inflammatory markers, apoptotic factors, and antioxidant system was discussed in the modulation of exercise effects on memory. The role of intensity and duration of exercise, and type of memory task was also investigated. We also mentioned to the interaction of exercise with the function of neurotransmitter systems, which complicates the prediction of exercise effect via altering the level of BDNF. Eventually, we suggested that changes in the function of neurotransmitter systems following different types of exercise (depending on exercise intensity or age of onset) should be investigated in further studies. It seems that exercise-induced changes in the function of neurotransmitter systems may have a stronger role than age, type of memory task, or exercise intensity in modulating memory. Importantly, high levels of interactions between neurotransmitter systems and BDNF play a critical role in the modulation of exercise effects on memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paniz Azizi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Alipour
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1419815477, Karaj, Iran.
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Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic Mice. Int Neurourol J 2021; 25:S63-71. [PMID: 34844388 PMCID: PMC8654312 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2142338.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Wnt pathway is closely related to neurodevelopmental process associated with cognitive function. After administration of valproic acid to the pregnant mice, the effect of swimming exercise of pregnant mice on the memory, neuronal production, and apoptosis of pups was studied in relation with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods On day 12 of pregnancy, mice were injected subcutaneously with 400-mg/kg valproic acid. The pregnant mice in the control with swimming exercise group and in the valproic acid injection with swimming exercise group were allowed for swimming for 30 minutes one time per a day, repeated 5 days per a week, during 3 weeks. Step-through avoidance task and Morris water maze task for memory function, immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells and western blot for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Wnt, β-catenin, Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cleaved caspase-3 were carried out. Results Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function, increased BDNF expression, and neuronal proliferation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy suppressed Wnt expression and phosphorylation of β-catenin in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise inhibited Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression and increased Bcl-2 expression in the valproic acid injected pups. Conclusions Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade activation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy may have a protective effect on factors that induce autism in the fetus.
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