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Chai L, Cao Q, Liu K, Zhu R, Li H, Yu Y, Wang J, Niu R, Zhang D, Yang B, Ommati MM, Sun Z. Exercise Alleviates Fluoride-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice: Role of miR-206-3p and PREG. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04068-w. [PMID: 38244175 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Fluorosis decreases the learning and memory ability in humans and animals, while exercise can reduce the risk of cognitive decline. However, the effect of exercise on learning and memory in fluoride-exposed mice is unclear. For this purpose, in this study, mice were randomly allotted into four groups (16 mice per group, half male and half female): control group (group C), fluoride group (group F, 100 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF)), exercise group (group E, treadmill exercise), and E plus F group (group EF, treadmill exercise, and 100 mg/L NaF). During 6 months of exposure, exercise alleviated the NaF-induced decline in memory and learning. In addition, NaF induced injuries in mitochondria and myelin sheath ultrastructure and reduced the neurons number, while exercise restored them. Metabolomics results showed that phosphatidylethanolamine, pregnenolone (PREG), and lysophosphatidic acid (LysoPA) were altered among groups C, F, and EF. Combined with previous studies, it can be suggested that PREG might be a biomarker in response to exercise-relieving fluorine neurotoxicity. The miRNA sequencing results indicated that in the differently expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), miR-206-3p, miR-96-5p, and miR-144-3p were shared in groups C, F, and EF. After the QRT-PCR validation and in vitro experiments, it was proved that miR-206-3p could reduce cell death and regulate AP-1 transcription factor subunit (JunD) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) to alleviate fluoride neurotoxicity. To sum up, the current study reveals that exercise could alleviate NaF-induced neurotoxicity by targeting miR-206-3p or PREG, which will contribute to revealing the pathogenesis and therapeutic method of fluoride neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiqi Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ke Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Run Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanghuan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China.
| | - Zilong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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Numakawa T, Kajihara R. Neurotrophins and Other Growth Factors in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030647. [PMID: 36983803 PMCID: PMC10051261 DOI: 10.3390/life13030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the changed expression/function of neurotrophic factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has been suggested. AD is one of the age-related dementias, and is characterized by cognitive impairment with decreased memory function. Developing evidence demonstrates that decreased cell survival, synaptic dysfunction, and reduced neurogenesis are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. On the other hand, it is well known that neurotrophic factors, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity receptor TrkB, have multiple roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including neuronal maintenance, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis, which are closely linked to learning and memory function. Thus, many investigations regarding therapeutic approaches to AD, and/or the screening of novel drug candidates for its treatment, focus on upregulation of the BDNF/TrkB system. Furthermore, current studies also demonstrate that GDNF, IGF1, and bFGF, which play roles in neuroprotection, are associated with AD. In this review, we introduce data demonstrating close relationships between the pathogenesis of AD, neurotrophic factors, and drug candidates, including natural compounds that upregulate the BDNF-mediated neurotrophic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryutaro Kajihara
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
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