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Saeidi Z, Giti R, Rostami M, Mohammadi F. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems in the Transdermal Treatment of Melanoma. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:646-662. [PMID: 38022807 PMCID: PMC10676549 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of melanoma is dramatically increasing worldwide, raising it to the fifth most common cancer in men and the sixth in women currently. Resistance generally occurs to the agents used in chemotherapy; besides their high toxicity destroys the normal cells. This study reviewed a detailed summary of the structure, advantages, and disadvantages of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems in the treatment of melanoma, as well as some nanocarrier applications in animal models or clinical studies. Respective databases were searched for the target keywords and 93 articles were reviewed and discussed. A close study of the liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, transethosomes, cubosomes, dendrimers, cyclodextrins, solid lipid nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was conducted. It was found that these nanocarriers could inhibit metastasis and migration of melanoma cells and decrease cell viability. Conclusively, some nanocarriers like liposomes, niosomes, and transferosomes have been discussed as superior to conventional therapies for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saeidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Rashin Giti
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rostami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farhad Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Hypoxia in Skin Cancer: Molecular Basis and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054430. [PMID: 36901857 PMCID: PMC10003002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the Caucasian population. In the United States, it is estimated that at least one in five people will develop skin cancer in their lifetime, leading to significant morbidity and a healthcare burden. Skin cancer mainly arises from cells in the epidermal layer of the skin, where oxygen is scarce. There are three main types of skin cancer: malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Accumulating evidence has revealed a critical role for hypoxia in the development and progression of these dermatologic malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of hypoxia in treating and reconstructing skin cancers. We will summarize the molecular basis of hypoxia signaling pathways in relation to the major genetic variations of skin cancer.
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Histopathological Characteristics of Cutaneous Melanoma in Isfahan, Iran, from 2013 to 2018. J Skin Cancer 2022; 2022:4490648. [PMID: 36171992 PMCID: PMC9512596 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4490648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To investigate the histopathological characteristics of cutaneous melanoma in Isfahan from 2013 to 2018, according to histopathological subtype, lesions location, Clark level, and Breslow thickness. Methods. A descriptive, retrospective study in reports of Alzahra Hospital and Dr. Rajabi Pathology Laboratory in Isfahan. Results. In total, 45 patients were included in this study. The most prevalent histopathological subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma (48.89%), followed by lentigo maligna melanoma (17.78%), nodular melanoma (11.11%), and superficial spreading melanoma (8.89%). Most malignant lesions were on the foot and toes (31.1%) and face (24.4%). Tumor invasion level was mainly at Clark level IV (42.2%). Furthermore, the mean depth of tumor penetration (Breslow thickness) was 3.87 ± 3.35. Conclusions. Our study revealed the characteristics of melanoma in the Iranian population. Our results showed a similar trend with previous studies in the Asian population. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the role of ethnic and environmental risk factors for developing melanoma in different populations.
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Li AA, Zhang Y, Tong WL, Chen JW, Huang SH, Liu JM, Liu ZL. Identification of a Novel Pyroptosis-Related Gene Signature Indicative of Disease Prognosis and Treatment Response in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6145-6163. [PMID: 35855761 PMCID: PMC9288220 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s367693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pyroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of many tumors; however, the specific mechanisms involved remain unknown. Here, we construct a pyroptosis-related gene signature that can be used to predict survival prognosis of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Methods By integrating data from the two databases from the GTEx and TCGA, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from normal tissues and skin cutaneous tumor tissues were identified. The main signaling pathways and function enrichment of these differential genes were determined. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis, and risk score analysis were used to construct a signature to assess its predictive value for overall survival. The mRNA expression of these five genes in melanoma cells was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The pRRophetic algorithm was used to estimate the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of chemotherapy drugs in SKCM patients. The expression of multiple immune checkpoint genes also was evaluated. Results Sixteen DEGs associated with pyroptosis in SKCM and normal skin tissues were identified. Of these, 12 pyroptosis-related DEGs were associated with the prognosis of SKCM. A five-gene signature (GSDMA, GSDMC, IL-18, NLRP6, and AIM2) model was constructed. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups using the risk scores. Of these, the high-risk group had a worse survival prognosis. There are significant differences in the predicted sensitivity of the high-risk and low-risk groups to chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, compared with the high-risk group, the low-risk group showed higher expression of PD-1, PDL-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, and VSIR. Conclusion In this study, we constructed a novel prognostic pyroptosis-related gene-signature for SKCM. These genes showed good predictive value for patient prognosis and could provide guidance for better treatment of SKCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-An Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lai Tong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Hu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Li Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Wieczfinska J, Merecz-Sadowska A, Górski K, Śliwiński T, Skała E. Plant Extracts as a Natural Source of Bioactive Compounds and Potential Remedy for the Treatment of Certain Skin Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:2859-2875. [PMID: 32303169 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200417160049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin ailments present a major health burden in both developed and undeveloped countries. Maintaining healthy skin is important for a healthy body. Medicinal plants have long provided reliable therapy in the treatment of skin diseases in humans through a diverse range of bioactive molecules. Skin diseases may have a various basis, or may be genetically determined; together, they constitute approximately 34% of all occupational diseases encountered in people of all ages. Of these, melanoma is one of the most dangerous forms, with very poor prognosis for patients if it is diagnosed too late. This review of the literature over the past five years examines the role and utilities of plant extracts in treating various skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne or melanoma with various potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, S. Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Chair of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Karol Górski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Tariq S, Shallwani H, Waqas M, Bari ME. Congenital and infantile malignant melanoma of the scalp: A systematic review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 21:93-95. [PMID: 28794873 PMCID: PMC5540706 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital and infantile malignant melanomas are rare and typically carry poor prognosis. The purpose of this article was to review the data on congenital and infantile malignant melanomas of the scalp in order to understand its presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of congenital melanoma of scalp. We searched PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane databases. Ten cases of congenital and 3 cases of infantile malignant melanoma of scalp were identified. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and histological analysis for confirmation. The prognosis depends on the origin of disease (congenital melanocytic nevus, transplacental metastasis, or de-novo), tumor thickness, the presence of ulceration and/or necrosis, and anatomic site (scalp lesions having poor prognosis). The most commonly used treatment of the reported cases of congenital and infantile melanoma was surgical excision of the primary lesion. Further modes of treatment may be extrapolated from the treatment of childhood and adult melanomas. Congenital and infantile malignant melanomas are rare. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Prognosis of the condition remains poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Tariq
- Section of Neurosurgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Shallwani
- Section of Neurosurgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Section of Neurosurgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ehsan Bari
- Section of Neurosurgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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7
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The burden of skin disease in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 76:958-972.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Schneider P, Schön M, Pletz N, Seitz CS, Liu N, Ziegelbauer K, Zachmann K, Emmert S, Schön MP. The novel PI3 kinase inhibitor, BAY 80-6946, impairs melanoma growth in vivo and in vitro. Exp Dermatol 2016; 23:579-84. [PMID: 24942196 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to its almost universal resistance to chemotherapy, metastasized melanoma remains a major challenge in clinical oncology. Given that phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) activation in melanoma cells is associated with poor prognosis, disease progression and resistance to chemotherapy, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway is a promising therapeutic target for melanoma treatment. We analysed six human melanoma cell lines for their constitutive activation of Akt and then tested two representative lines, A375 and LOX, for their susceptibility to PI3K-inhibition by the highly specific small molecule inhibitor, BAY 80-6946. In addition, the effect of BAY 80-6946 on A375 and LOX melanoma cells was assessed in vivo in a xenotransplantation mouse model. We provide experimental evidence that specifically inhibiting the PI3K pathway and phosphorylation of Akt by this novel compound results in antitumoral activities including inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo. However, the susceptibility did not show a clear-cut pattern and differed between the melanoma cell lines tested, resulting in in vivo growth inhibition of A375 but not LOX melanoma cells. Thus, in some cases BAY 80-6946 or related compounds may be a valuable addition to the therapeutic armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philine Schneider
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
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Wang J, Chen J, Zhu Y, Zheng N, Liu J, Xiao Y, Lu Y, Dong H, Xie J, Yu S, Shao J, Jia L. In vitro and in vivo efficacy and safety evaluation of metapristone and mifepristone as cancer metastatic chemopreventive agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:291-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Batus M, Waheed S, Ruby C, Petersen L, Bines SD, Kaufman HL. Optimal management of metastatic melanoma: current strategies and future directions. Am J Clin Dermatol 2013; 14:179-94. [PMID: 23677693 PMCID: PMC3913474 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-013-0025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is increasing in incidence and remains a major public health threat. Although the disease may be curable when identified early, advanced melanoma is characterized by widespread metastatic disease and a median survival of less than 10 months. In recent years, however, major advances in our understanding of the molecular nature of melanoma and the interaction of melanoma cells with the immune system have resulted in several new therapeutic strategies that are showing significant clinical benefit. Current therapeutic approaches include surgical resection of metastatic disease, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Dacarbazine, interleukin-2, ipilimumab, and vemurafenib are now approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma. In addition, new combination chemotherapy regimens, monoclonal antibodies blocking the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 pathway, and targeted therapy against CKIT, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK), and other putative signaling pathways in melanoma are beginning to show promise in early-phase clinical trials. Further research on these modalities alone and in combination will likely be the focus of future clinical investigation and may impact the outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Batus
- Rush University Melanoma Program and Departments of Medicine, General Surgery and Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Room 845, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Liu W, Peng Y, Tobin DJ. A new 12-gene diagnostic biomarker signature of melanoma revealed by integrated microarray analysis. PeerJ 2013; 1:e49. [PMID: 23638386 PMCID: PMC3628745 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide microarray technology has facilitated the systematic discovery of diagnostic biomarkers of cancers and other pathologies. However, meta-analyses of published arrays often uncover significant inconsistencies that hinder advances in clinical practice. Here we present an integrated microarray analysis framework, based on a genome-wide relative significance (GWRS) and genome-wide global significance (GWGS) model. When applied to five microarray datasets on melanoma published between 2000 and 2011, this method revealed a new signature of 200 genes. When these were linked to so-called ‘melanoma driver’ genes involved in MAPK, Ca2+, and WNT signaling pathways we were able to produce a new 12-gene diagnostic biomarker signature for melanoma (i.e., EGFR, FGFR2, FGFR3, IL8, PTPRF, TNC, CXCL13, COL11A1, CHP2, SHC4, PPP2R2C, and WNT4). We have begun to experimentally validate a subset of these genes involved in MAPK signaling at the protein level, including CXCL13, COL11A1, PTPRF and SHC4 and found these to be over-expressed in metastatic and primary melanoma cells in vitro and in situ compared to melanocytes cultured from healthy skin epidermis and normal healthy human skin. While SHC4 has been reported previously to be associated to melanoma, this is the first time CXCL13, COL11A1, and PTPRF have been associated with melanoma on experimental validation. Our computational evaluation indicates that this 12-gene biomarker signature achieves excellent diagnostic power in distinguishing metastatic melanoma from normal skin and benign nevus. Further experimental validation of the role of these 12 genes in a new signaling network may provide new insights into the underlying biological mechanisms driving the progression of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Liu
- Department of Computing, University of Bradford , Great Britain ; Centre of Skin Sciences, University of Bradford , Great Britain
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Cryptotanshinone has diverse effects on cell cycle events in melanoma cell lines with different metastatic capacity. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 68:17-27. [PMID: 20820782 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cryptotanshinone is a major active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which is often used as Chinese herbal medicine in cancer therapy. Here, we systematically assessed the anti-tumor effect of Cryptotanshinone on two melanoma cell lines with low/high-metastatic capacity (B16/B16BL6). METHODS MTT and LDH assays were used to evaluate cell growth and cytotoxicity. We assessed the effect of Cryptotanshinone on cell apoptosis or proliferation by Annexin V, TUNEL or BrdU assay. Cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry. The integrity of cell cycle checkpoints was determined by mutational analyses of B-RAF and N-RAS, and the expression of cell cycle-associated proteins by western blotting. RESULTS Treatment with Cryptotanshinone had no obvious effect on cell apoptosis but significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Cryptotanshinone slightly increased the expression of p53, Chk1, and Chk2 in both B16 and B16BL6. Interestingly, Cryptotanshinone induced G1 arrest with a concomitant increase in p21 expression in B16BL6 cells. However, in B16 cells, Cryptotanshinone induced the G2/M arrest through its induction of Cdc25c. Regulation of Cyclin A1, Cyclin B1 and Cdk1/cdc2 expression might contribute to the different cell cycle patterns in B16 and B16BL6 after Cryptotanshinone treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cryptotanshinone could have diverse effects on cell cycle events in melanoma cell lines with different metastatic capacity. This property might offer an opportunity to study underlying mechanisms for the different antitumor effects of administered Cryptotanshinone in B16 and B16BL6 cells.
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Kitajima K, Bardier-Dupas A, Breton S, Rousseau G, Siksik JM, Vaillant JC, Hannoun L. Variant on Manifestation of Duodenal Metastasis 26 Years after Initial Diagnosis of Primary Cutaneous Melanoma. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2010; 4:93-99. [PMID: 21103234 PMCID: PMC2988904 DOI: 10.1159/000290383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant duodenal neoplasms are relatively rare, and the diagnosis is often delayed because of their vague and nonspecific symptoms. We report the case of a 79-year-old female who had a medical history of malignant melanoma of the cheek that had initially been diagnosed at 53 years of age. Work-up revealed severe stenosis of the duodenum caused by a large mass with ulceration at the tip of its mucosal surface. Tumor biopsy led to a histological diagnosis of extremely poorly differentiated carcinoma, but it was impossible to determine whether the lesion was a primary neoplasm or represented secondary involvement. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed, and the surgical specimen showed a protuberant tumor in the nonampullary region of the second portion of the duodenum. Final diagnosis of metastatic duodenal melanoma was made by immunohistological examination. She is currently alive without recurrence 28 months after the surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kitajima
- Department of Digestive and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation Unit, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, Paris, France
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Identification and functional validation of therapeutic targets for malignant melanoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009; 72:194-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Bonehill A, Van Nuffel AM, Corthals J, Tuyaerts S, Heirman C, François V, Colau D, van der Bruggen P, Neyns B, Thielemans K. Single-Step Antigen Loading and Activation of Dendritic Cells by mRNA Electroporation for the Purpose of Therapeutic Vaccination in Melanoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3366-75. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wheeler T. Nursing the patient with malignant melanoma: early intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 18:288, 290-2. [PMID: 19273989 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2009.18.5.40541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Wheeler
- United Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Dermatology Centre, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol
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Dabrowska K, Skaradziński G, Jończyk P, Kurzepa A, Wietrzyk J, Owczarek B, Zaczek M, Switała-Jeleń K, Boratyński J, Poźniak G, Maciejewska M, Górski A. The effect of bacteriophages T4 and HAP1 on in vitro melanoma migration. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:13. [PMID: 19154575 PMCID: PMC2639589 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antibacterial activity of bacteriophages has been described rather well. However, knowledge about the direct interactions of bacteriophages with mammalian organisms and their other, i.e. non-antibacterial, activities in mammalian systems is quite scarce. It must be emphasised that bacteriophages are natural parasites of bacteria, which in turn are parasites or symbionts of mammals (including humans). Bacteriophages are constantly present in mammalian bodies and the environment in great amounts. On the other hand, the perspective of the possible use of bacteriophage preparations for antibacterial therapies in cancer patients generates a substantial need to investigate the effects of phages on cancer processes. Results In these studies the migration of human and mouse melanoma on fibronectin was inhibited by purified T4 and HAP1 bacteriophage preparations. The migration of human melanoma was also inhibited by the HAP1 phage preparation on matrigel. No response of either melanoma cell line to lipopolysaccharide was observed. Therefore the effect of the phage preparations cannot be attributed to lipopolysaccharide. No differences in the effects of T4 and HAP1 on melanoma migration were observed. Conclusion We believe that these observations are of importance for any further attempts to use bacteriophage preparations in antibacterial treatment. The risk of antibiotic-resistant hospital infections strongly affects cancer patients and these results suggest the possibility of beneficial phage treatment. We also believe that they will contribute to the general understanding of bacteriophage biology, as bacteriophages, extremely ubiquitous entities, are in permanent contact with human organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Dabrowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
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