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Garraud O, Politis C, Henschler R, Pj Vlaar A, Haddad A, Ertuğrul Örüç N, Laspina S, DE Angelis V, Richardson C, Vuk T. Ethics in transfusion medicine: Are the intricate layers of ethics all universal? A global view. Transfus Clin Biol 2023:S1246-7820(23)00040-X. [PMID: 36965847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Ethical principles have been considered, and in several respects regulated, along the entire blood procurement chain from donor motivation to transfusion to the patient. Consent of donors and voluntary non-remunerated donation are fields which have been addressed by codes of ethics and legislation. Caring for donor health is an area of further development of ethical standards. In part, blood products have also become a market, where commercial principles may synergize, but also creating issues in equality and maintaining human dignity that challenge societal solutions. At the bedside, the main global challenge remains to procure enough blood products for each patient in medical need. Allocation of rare blood, ethical evaluation of transfusion triggers, attitudes towards refusing blood transfusion and provision of blood products to remote settings are areas which should receive consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Garraud
- Sainbiose-INSERM_U1059, faculty of medicine, university of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | | | - Reinhard Henschler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 32, D 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Pj Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22660, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, PO Box 22660, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine Haddad
- Sacré Cœur Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon; Lebanese University and Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nigar Ertuğrul Örüç
- Health Sciences University Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Stefan Laspina
- Mater Dei Hospital Blood Bank, Pathology Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
| | | | - Clive Richardson
- Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomislav Vuk
- Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Abstract
Quality, safety, risks and risk management are currently the leading words in transfusion medicine, and several approaches are necessary to correctly evaluate the fundamental basis of blood transfusion. Ethics is probably the most focused approach with which to examine the inconsistencies and conflicts of interest of the various stakeholders involved in the transfusion medicine field. In this short review, the authors will present some aspects of ethics related to blood transfusion, particularly those involving blood donation.
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