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Gill C, Griffiths M, Easton A, Solomon T. Challenges for nurses in caring for patients with acute encephalitis: lack of knowledge, time and rehabilitation. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2022; 31:40-45. [PMID: 35019745 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the experiences of registered nurses providing care to adult patients affected by encephalitis, from admission into hospital through to discharge. STUDY DESIGN A qualitative phenomenological methodology was used. Sample and setting: Eight registered nurses in a city centre teaching hospital. METHODS Data collection took place using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed and themes identified using framework analysis. FINDINGS Three key findings were identified: nurses felt that they lacked knowledge of encephalitis, lacked time to give these patients the care they needed, and they lacked access to rehabilitation for patients with encephalitis. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence on nurses' experiences of providing care to patients affected by encephalitis. It has shown that they often lack the knowledge and time to give adequate support to patients. They also lack access to rehabilitation for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gill
- PhD Candidate, Department of Health Sciences, University of York
| | - Mike Griffiths
- Clinical Lecturer, Institute of Infection and Global Heath, University of Liverpool
| | - Ava Easton
- CEO Encephalitis Society, Encephalitis Society, Malton, North Yorkshire
| | - Tom Solomon
- Professor, Encephalitis Society, Malton, North Yorkshire
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Xiong LL, Xue LL, Chen YJ, Du RL, Wang Q, Wen S, Zhou L, Liu T, Wang TH, Yu CY. Proteomics Study on the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Encephalitis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16288-16296. [PMID: 34235299 PMCID: PMC8246475 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Label-free quantitative proteomics was applied to analyze differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with encephalitis. The database was used to screen for possible biomarkers in encephalitis, followed by validation and preliminary investigation of the role of some DEPs in the pathogenesis of encephalitis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). METHODS We performed label-free quantitative proteomics on 16 cerebrospinal fluid samples (EM group, encephalitis with mental and behavioral disorders patients, n = 5; NED group, encephalitis without mental and behavioral disorders patients, n = 6; N group, healthy individuals, n = 5). The extracted CSF proteins were examined by mass spectrometry and enzymatic digestion and detected using protein profiling and data analysis. Interproscan was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the DEPs. ELISA was used to verify the changes in the levels of some DEPs in the CSF. RESULTS A total of 941 proteins were found to be significantly differentially expressed, including 250 upregulated DEPs and 691 downregulated DEPs. GO analysis suggested that there were six enriched functions that intersect among the EM, NED, and N groups, including synapse organization, membrane, integral component of membrane, membrane part, G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, and transmembrane signaling receptor activity. KEGG analysis revealed that there were three signaling pathways that intersect among the EM, NED, and N groups, including fructose and mannose metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore, four downregulated encephalitis-related neurological synapse proteins were identified after screening for differentially expressed proteins, including NRXN3, NFASC, LRRC4B, and NLGN2. The result of ELISA further verified that the expression of NLGN2 and LRRC4B was obviously higher in the NED group than in the N group. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that NLGN2 and LRRC4B proteins were upregulated in the NED group and could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of encephalitis, but still needs a lot of multiomics studies to be used in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Lin Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan
District, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Lu-Lu Xue
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Yan-Jun Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 88 Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Du
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 88 Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Song Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan
District, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan
District, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 88 Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang-Yin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Guizhou 550000, China
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