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Gawinski L, Stiel S, Schneider N, Zimmermann T, Herbst FA. Methodological Reflections on the Recruitment of Adult Child-Parent Dyads for End-of-Life Research in Germany: Experiences From the Dy@EoL Study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 61:1196-1204.e1. [PMID: 33091583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although high-quality research with patients and family members is needed to improve palliative care, difficulties in recruitment are often reported. OBJECTIVES The present article analyzes the authors' experiences in recruiting participants of two types of dyads for the study "Dy@EoL-Interaction at the end of life in dyads of parents and adult children". Recruitment challenges and factors found to improve recruitment are examined. METHODS Between February 2018 and November 2019, the research team cooperated with diverse inpatient and ambulatory palliative and hospice care providers to recruit both dyads. Cooperation strategies and adaptations were protocolled. Data on (non-)participation were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS The recruitment rate was 34.6% (dyad 1, terminally ill adult children with parents: 36.4%; dyad 2, terminally ill parents with adult children: 33.9%). In total, 82.2% of participants were recruited from inpatient settings. The research team has applied various strategies, such as public outreach activities and the extension of recruitment partners. The study protocol was adapted at an early stage to include single participants. Of all patients, 47.7% participated without their dyad partner. The main reason to exclude their family member was the patients' wish to protect them from extraburden. CONCLUSION The recruitment was more successful in inpatient than in ambulatory settings. The extension of recruitment partners was beneficial to recruit participants from ambulatory contexts. The inclusion of single participants was conducive as a great number of patients participated without their dyad partner. Sharing the obtained experiences can be helpful for future research planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gawinski
- Institute for General Practice, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Stiel
- Institute for General Practice, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nils Schneider
- Institute for General Practice, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Tanja Zimmermann
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Franziska A Herbst
- Institute for General Practice, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Bruneau J, Moralejo D, Donovan C, Parsons K. Recruitment of Healthcare Providers into Research Studies. Can J Nurs Res 2021; 53:426-432. [PMID: 33573391 DOI: 10.1177/0844562120974911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of a sufficient number of healthcare providers (HCPs), such as nurses and nurse practitioners (NPs), as participants is essential to generate high quality research to address issues significant for clinical practice. Often the recruitment process reported in research studies is very brief and does not capture the reality of the challenges of obtaining an adequate sample. This manuscript describes the challenges that we experienced in trying to recruit a sufficient number of HCPs, specifically NPs, into a randomized controlled trial. Based on our experience, as well as a review of the literature on recruiting HCPs, we share recommendations for researchers trying to recruit busy professionals as participants. Key findings were not just about reaching the target participants, but actually using strategies to stimulate their interest and persuading them to be involved from the beginning. Important things to consider for successful recruitment are making an effort to meet with professionals face-to-face and building relationships with administrators and other staff within organizations. Other lessons learned were to ensure to allot extra time for recruitment to allow for unanticipated challenges and to utilize multimodal strategies simultaneously to ensure a more timely execution of the recruitment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Bruneau
- Faculty of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Donna Moralejo
- Faculty of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Catherine Donovan
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Karen Parsons
- Faculty of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Wilson F, Gardiner C. Candidates and candidacy: Patient, carer and staff perceptions of referral to a specialist palliative day unit. PROGRESS IN PALLIATIVE CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09699260.2021.1872150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Wilson
- Division of Nursing & Midwifery, School of Health Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C. Gardiner
- Division of Nursing & Midwifery, School of Health Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Mitchell PM, Coast J, Myring G, Ricciardi F, Vickerstaff V, Jones L, Zafar S, Cudmore S, Jordan J, McKibben L, Graham-Wisener L, Finucane AM, Hewison A, Haraldsdottir E, Brazil K, Kernohan WG. Exploring the costs, consequences and efficiency of three types of palliative care day services in the UK: a pragmatic before-and-after descriptive cohort study. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19:119. [PMID: 32767979 PMCID: PMC7412842 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-00624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Palliative Care Day Services (PCDS) offer supportive care to people with advanced, progressive illness who may be approaching the end of life. Despite the growth of PCDS in recent years, evidence of their costs and effects is scarce. It is important to establish the value of such services so that health and care decision-makers can make evidence-based resource allocation decisions. This study examines and estimates the costs and effects of PCDS with different service configurations in three centres across the UK in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Methods People who had been referred to PCDS were recruited between June 2017 and September 2018. A pragmatic before-and-after descriptive cohort study design analysed data on costs and outcomes. Data on costs were collected on health and care use in the 4 weeks preceding PCDS attendance using adapted versions of the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI). Outcomes, cost per attendee/day and volunteer contribution to PCDS were also estimated. Outcomes included quality of life (MQOL-E), health status (EQ-5D-5L) and capability wellbeing (ICECAP-SCM). Results Thirty-eight attendees were recruited and provided data at baseline and 4 weeks (centre 1: n = 8; centre 2: n = 8, centre 3: n = 22). The cost per attendee/day ranged from £121–£190 (excluding volunteer contribution) to £172–£264 (including volunteer contribution) across the three sites. Volunteering constituted between 28 and 38% of the total cost of PCDS provision. There was no significant mean change at 4 week follow-up from baseline for health and care costs (centre 1: £570, centre 2: -£1127, centre 3: £65), or outcomes: MQOL-E (centre 1: − 0.48, centre 2: 0.01, centre 3: 0.24); EQ-5D-5L (centre 1: 0.05, centre 2: 0.03, centre 3: − 0.03) and ICECAP-SCM (centre 1:0.00, centre 2: − 0.01, centre 3: 0.03). Centre costs variation is almost double per attendee when attendance rates are held constant in scenario analysis. Conclusions This study highlights the contribution made by volunteers to PCDS provision. There is insufficient evidence on whether outcomes improved, or costs were reduced, in the three different service configurations for PCDS. We suggest how future research may overcome some of the challenges we encountered, to better address questions of cost-effectiveness in PCDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mark Mitchell
- Health Economics Bristol, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Joanna Coast
- Health Economics Bristol, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gareth Myring
- Health Economics Bristol, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Federico Ricciardi
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Vickerstaff
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Jones
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shazia Zafar
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Cudmore
- Division of Nursing, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanne Jordan
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Laurie McKibben
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Lisa Graham-Wisener
- Marie Curie Hospice, Belfast and School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anne M Finucane
- Marie Curie Hospice, Edinburgh and Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alistair Hewison
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Erna Haraldsdottir
- Division of Nursing, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.,St Columba's Hospice, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kevin Brazil
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - W George Kernohan
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
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Coast J, Bailey C, Orlando R, Armour K, Perry R, Jones L, Kinghorn P. Adaptation, Acceptance and Adaptive Preferences in Health and Capability Well-Being Measurement Amongst Those Approaching End of Life. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2019; 11:539-546. [PMID: 29744765 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-018-0310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Adaptive preferences occur when people subconsciously alter their views to account for the possibilities available to them. Adaptive preferences may be problematic where these views are used in resource allocation decisions because they may lead to underestimation of the true benefits of providing services. This research explored the nature and extent of both adaptation (changing to better suit the context) and adaptive preferences (altering preferences in response to restricted options) in individuals approaching the end of life (EoL). METHODS Qualitative data from 'thinkaloud' interviews with 33 hospice patients, 22 close persons and 17 health professionals were used alongside their responses to three health/well-being measures for use in resource allocation decisions: EQ-5D-5L (health status); ICECAP-A (adult capability); and ICECAP-SCM (Supportive Care Measure; EoL capability). Constant comparative analysis combined a focus on both verbalised perceptions across the three groups and responses to the measures. RESULTS Data collection took place between October 2012 and February 2014. Informants spoke clearly about how patients had adapted their lives in response to symptoms associated with their terminal condition. It was often seen as a positive choice to accept their state and adapt in this way but, at the same time, most patients were fully aware of the health and capability losses that they had faced. Self-assessments of health and capability generally appeared to reflect the pre-adaptation state, although there were exceptions. CONCLUSION Despite adapting to their conditions, the reference group for individuals approaching EoL largely remained a healthy, capable population, and most did not show evidence of adaptive preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Coast
- Health Economics at Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - Cara Bailey
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rosanna Orlando
- CLAHRC Wessex, Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Louise Jones
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, UCL, London, UK
| | - Philip Kinghorn
- Health Economics Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Freytag A, Krause M, Bauer A, Ditscheid B, Jansky M, Krauss S, Lehmann T, Marschall U, Nauck F, Schneider W, Stichling K, Vollmar HC, Wedding U, Meißner W. Study protocol for a multi-methods study: SAVOIR - evaluation of specialized outpatient palliative care (SAPV) in Germany: outcomes, interactions, regional differences. BMC Palliat Care 2019; 18:12. [PMID: 30684958 PMCID: PMC6348077 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-019-0398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2007, the German statutory health insurance covers Specialized Outpatient Palliative Care (SAPV). SAPV offers team-based home care for patients with advanced and progressive disease, complex symptoms and life expectancy limited to days, weeks or months. The introduction of SAPV is ruled by a directive (SAPV directive). Within this regulation, SAPV delivery models can and do differ regarding team structures, financing models, cooperation with other care professionals and processes of care. The research project SAVOIR is funded by G-BA’s German Innovations Fund to evaluate the implementation of the SAPV directive. Methods The processes, content and quality of SAPV will be evaluated from the perspectives of patients, SAPV teams, general practitioners and other care givers and payers. The influence of different contracts, team and network structures and regional and geographic settings on processes and results including patient-reported outcomes will be analyzed in five subprojects: [1] structural characteristics of SAPV and their impact on patient care, [2] quality of care from the perspective of patients, [3] quality of care from the perspective of SAPV teams, hospices, ambulatory nursing services, nursing homes and other care givers, content and extent of care from [4] the perspective of General Practitioners and [5] from the perspective of payers. The evaluation will be based on different types of data: team and organizational structures, treatment data based on routine documentation with electronic medical record systems, prospective assessment of patient-reported outcomes in a sample of SAPV teams, qualitative interviews with other stakeholders like nursing and hospice services, a survey in general practitioners and a retrospective analysis of claims data of all SAPV patients, covered by the health insurance fund BARMER in 2016. Discussion Data analysis will allow identification of variables, associated with quality of SAPV. Based on these findings, the SAVOIR study group will develop recommendations for the Federal Joint Committee for a revision of the SAPV directive. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00013949 (retrospectively registered, 14.03.2018), DRKS00014726 (14.05.2018), DRKS00014730 (30.05.2018). Subproject 3 is an interview study with professional caregivers and therefore not registered in DRKS as a clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Freytag
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Bachstraße 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Krause
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Bachstraße 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Bauer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 2, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bianka Ditscheid
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Bachstraße 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Jansky
- Clinic for Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von Siebold-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Krauss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 2, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Center for Clinical Studies, Jena University Hospital, Salvador-Allende-Platz 27, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Ursula Marschall
- Department of Medicine and Health Services Research, BARMER Statutory Health Insurance Fund, Lichtscheider Straße 89, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Friedemann Nauck
- Clinic for Palliative Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von Siebold-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Werner Schneider
- Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 2, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Kathleen Stichling
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Bachstraße 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Horst Christian Vollmar
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Bachstraße 18, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wedding
- Department of Palliative Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Winfried Meißner
- Department of Palliative Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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Finucane AM, Carduff E, Lugton J, Fenning S, Johnston B, Fallon M, Clark D, Spiller JA, Murray SA. Palliative and end-of-life care research in Scotland 2006-2015: a systematic scoping review. BMC Palliat Care 2018; 17:19. [PMID: 29373964 PMCID: PMC5787303 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-017-0266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Scottish Government set out its 5-year vision to improve palliative care in its Strategic Framework for Action 2016–2021. This includes a commitment to strengthening research and evidence based knowledge exchange across Scotland. A comprehensive scoping review of Scottish palliative care research was considered an important first step. The aim of the review was to quantify and map palliative care research in Scotland over the ten-year period preceding the new strategy (2006–15). Methods A systematic scoping review was undertaken. Palliative care research involving at least one co-author from a Scottish institution was eligible for inclusion. Five databases were searched with relevant MeSH terms and keywords; additional papers authored by members of the Scottish Palliative and End of Life Care Research Forum were added. Results In total, 1919 papers were screened, 496 underwent full text review and 308 were retained in the final set. 73% were descriptive studies and 10% were interventions or feasibility studies. The top three areas of research focus were services and settings; experiences and/or needs; and physical symptoms. 58 papers were concerned with palliative care for people with conditions other than cancer – nearly one fifth of all papers published. Few studies focused on ehealth, health economics, out-of-hours and public health. Nearly half of all papers described unfunded research or did not acknowledge a funder (46%). Conclusions There was a steady increase in Scottish palliative care research during the decade under review. Research output was strong compared with that reported in an earlier Scottish review (1990–2005) and a similar review of Irish palliative care research (2002–2012). A large amount of descriptive evidence exists on living and dying with chronic progressive illness in Scotland; intervention studies now need to be prioritised. Areas highlighted for future research include palliative interventions for people with non-malignant illness and multi-morbidity; physical and psychological symptom assessment and management; interventions to support carers; and bereavement support. Knowledge exchange activities are required to disseminate research findings to research users and a follow-up review to examine future research progress is recommended. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12904-017-0266-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Finucane
- Marie Curie Hospice Edinburgh, 45 Frogston Road West, Edinburgh, EH10 7DR, UK. .,Centre for Population Health Sciences, The Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
| | - Emma Carduff
- Marie Curie Hospice Glasgow, 133 Balornock Road, Glasgow, G21 3US, UK.,School of Medicine, Nursing and Healthcare, University of Glasgow, 59 Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8LL, UK
| | - Jean Lugton
- Marie Curie Hospice Edinburgh, 45 Frogston Road West, Edinburgh, EH10 7DR, UK
| | - Stephen Fenning
- Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Bridget Johnston
- Florence Nightingale Foundation, Clinical Nursing Practice Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow and NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, 57-61 Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8LL, UK
| | - Marie Fallon
- Institute of Genetics and Palliative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - David Clark
- School of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Glasgow, Bankend Road, Dumfries, DG1 4ZL, UK
| | - Juliet A Spiller
- Marie Curie Hospice Edinburgh, 45 Frogston Road West, Edinburgh, EH10 7DR, UK
| | - Scott A Murray
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Old Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
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Recruiting participants to a randomized controlled trial testing an intervention in palliative cancer care – The perspectives of health care professionals. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2017; 31:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Campbell CL, Kelly M, Rovnyak V. Pain management in home hospice patients: A retrospective descriptive study. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 19:381-387. [PMID: 28612352 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The development and evaluation of evidence-based, safe, and effective home-based pain management models for caregivers implementation is receiving greater attention in the literature because of international initiatives intended to increase the number of people who receive end-of-life care in home-based settings. The purpose of this "retrospective descriptive design" study was to describe pharmacological pain management and outcomes for 40 cancer and non-cancer patients receiving hospice care at home. While the median pain score was higher at admission in the cancer group than in the hospice care at home group, the difference was not significant at or within 48 hour of admission. Overall, there was a significant decrease in pain from the first measurement to the second. Within the last seven days of life, the majority of participants were not able to provide a pain severity score when asked to evaluate the effectiveness of pain management, thus their caregiver provided a proxy evaluation. Pain management was effective in the home setting. More research is needed on the best methods to teach lay caregivers to assess pain and evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological modalities to manage pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy L Campbell
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Meghan Kelly
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Virginia Rovnyak
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, Virginia
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