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Hsu MY, Chen YS, Chen YC, Wu YL. Nurse-led coaching of shared decision-making for wound treatment of pressure injury: A pilot study of a randomized trial. Tzu Chi Med J 2023; 35:260-266. [PMID: 37545793 PMCID: PMC10399837 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_256_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives International guidelines for managing pressure injury (PI) and ulcers recommend that family members and caregivers should be involved in making decisions for appropriate wound care. However, the effect of shared decision-making (SDM) in the context of PI remains unknown. This study investigated the efficacy of nurse-led medical SDM for PI treatment. Materials and Methods We constructed a patient decision aid (PDA) for PI treatment on the basis of nursing evidence. Subsequently, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of SDM compared with that of usual care (control group, [CG]) for PI treatment. Participants with stage 3, stage 4, or unstageable PI were included and randomized into two groups. In the SDM group (SDMG), 10 participants received the SDM intervention for PI before treatment. All participants were followed up for 4 weeks. Primary outcomes were measured using the nine-item SDM Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) and Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS). Secondary outcomes included wound size and cost of wound management. Results The expert validity (medical professors and general population) of the PDA designed for PI was measured, and the content validity index was 0.96-0.97. A total of 20 participants were enrolled (10 received SDM and 10 received usual care). The mean age of the participants was 55.7 ± 8.8 years. No significant difference in baseline characteristics (sex, age, staging, or wound area) was observed between the two groups. The SDMG had higher SDM-Q-9 (P < 0.001) and DCS (P < 0.01) scores than did the CG. For the secondary outcomes, the SDMG had a decreased change of wound size and lower wound management costs than did the CG; nevertheless, the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion We constructed a PDA for PI treatment, which can be applied in clinical care. The pilot test results revealed that the participants had a lower cost related wound treatment and decreasing wound size in SDMG than CG after the intervention of SDM-PI for 4 weeks. In the future, clinical studies should conduct large-scale randomized trials based on the results of this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sin Chen
- Department of Nursing, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Department of Nursing, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Wu
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shi J, Gao Y, Tian J, Li J, Xu J, Mei F, Li Z. Negative pressure wound therapy for treating pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 5:CD011334. [PMID: 37232410 PMCID: PMC10218975 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011334.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, pressure sores, or pressure injuries, are localised damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue, usually caused by intense or long-term pressure, shear, or friction. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been widely used in the treatment of pressure ulcers, but its effect needs to be further clarified. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2015. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of NPWT for treating adult with pressure ulcers in any care setting. SEARCH METHODS On 13 January 2022, we searched the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Ovid MEDLINE (including In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid Embase, and EBSCO CINAHL Plus. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO ICTRP Search Portal for ongoing and unpublished studies and scanned reference lists of relevant included studies as well as reviews, meta-analyses, and health technology reports to identify additional studies. There were no restrictions with respect to language, date of publication, or study setting. SELECTION CRITERIA We included published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of NPWT with alternative treatments or different types of NPWT in the treatment of adults with pressure ulcers (stage II or above). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently conducted study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence assessment using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology. Any disagreement was resolved by discussion with a third review author. MAIN RESULTS This review included eight RCTs with a total of 327 randomised participants. Six of the eight included studies were deemed to be at a high risk of bias in one or more risk of bias domains, and evidence for all outcomes of interest was deemed to be of very low certainty. Most studies had small sample sizes (range: 12 to 96, median: 37 participants). Five studies compared NPWT with dressings, but only one study reported usable primary outcome data (complete wound healing and adverse events). This study had only 12 participants and there were very few events; only one participant was healed in the study (risk ratio (RR) 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15 to 61.74, very low-certainly evidence). There was no evidence of a difference in the number of participants with adverse events in the NPWT group and the dressing group, but the evidence for this outcome was also assessed as very low certainty (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.44, very low-certainty evidence). Changes in ulcer size, pressure ulcer severity, cost, and pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) sores were also reported, but we were unable to draw conclusions due to the low certainly of the evidence. One study compared NPWT with a series of gel treatments, but this study provided no usable data. Another study compared NPWT with 'moist wound healing', which did not report primary outcome data. Changes in ulcer size and cost were reported in this study, but we assessed the evidence as being of very low certainty; One study compared NPWT combined with internet-plus home care with standard care, but no primary outcome data were reported. Changes in ulcer size, pain, and dressing change times were reported, but we also assessed the evidence as being of very low certainty. None of the included studies reported time to complete healing, health-related quality of life, wound infection, or wound recurrence. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The efficacy, safety, and acceptability of NPWT in treating pressure ulcers compared to usual care are uncertain due to the lack of key data on complete wound healing, adverse events, time to complete healing, and cost-effectiveness. Compared with usual care, using NPWT may speed up the reduction of pressure ulcer size and severity of pressure ulcer, reduce pain, and dressing change times. Still, trials were small, poorly described, had short follow-up times, and with a high risk of bias; any conclusions drawn from the current evidence should be interpreted with considerable caution. In the future, high-quality research with large sample sizes and low risk of bias is still needed to further verify the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of NPWT in the treatment of pressure ulcers. Future researchers need to recognise the importance of complete and accurate reporting of clinically important outcomes such as the complete healing rate, healing time, and adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Shi
- School of nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang Li
- National Cancer Center/National Cancer Clinical Medical Research Center/Cancer Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing , China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Mei
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center and Cochrane China Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several possible interventions for managing pressure ulcers (sometimes referred to as pressure injuries), ranging from pressure-relieving measures, such as repositioning, to reconstructive surgery. The surgical approach is usually reserved for recalcitrant wounds (where the healing process has stalled, or the wound is not responding to treatment) or wounds with full-thickness skin loss and exposure of deeper structures such as muscle fascia or bone. Reconstructive surgery commonly involves wound debridement followed by filling the wound with new tissue. Whilst this is an accepted means of ulcer management, the benefits and harms of different surgical approaches, compared with each other or with non-surgical treatments, are unclear. This is an update of a Cochrane Review published in 2016. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of different types of reconstructive surgery for treating pressure ulcers (category/stage II or above), compared with no surgery or alternative reconstructive surgical approaches, in any care setting. SEARCH METHODS We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was January 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA Published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed reconstructive surgery in the treatment of pressure ulcers. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected the studies, extracted study data, assessed the risk of bias and undertook GRADE assessments. We would have involved a third review author in case of disagreement. MAIN RESULTS We identified one RCT conducted in a hospital setting in the USA. It enrolled 20 participants aged between 20 and 70 years with stage IV ischial or sacral pressure ulcers (involving full-thickness skin and tissue loss). The study compared two reconstructive techniques for stage IV pressure ulcers: conventional flap surgery and cone of pressure flap surgery, in which a large portion of the flap tip is de-epithelialised and deeply inset to obliterate dead space. There were no clear data for any of our outcomes, although we extracted some information on complete wound healing, wound dehiscence, pressure ulcer recurrence and wound infection. We graded the evidence for these outcomes as very low-certainty. The study provided no data for any other outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Currently there is very little randomised evidence on the role of reconstructive surgery in pressure ulcer management, although it is considered a priority area. More rigorous and robust research is needed to explore this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Norman
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jason Kf Wong
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medical and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Dept of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Kavit Amin
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medical and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Dept of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jo C Dumville
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Susy Pramod
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Kim M, Park SY, Piao M, Lim E, Yoo SH, Ryu M, Lee HY, Won H. Could we prove the nursing outcomes utilising clinical data warehouse? Effectiveness of pressure ulcer intervention in Korean tertiary hospital. Int Wound J 2022; 20:201-209. [PMID: 35675474 PMCID: PMC9797914 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW) for research and quality improvement has become more frequent in the last 10 years. In this study, we used CDW to determine the effectiveness of pressure ulcer interventions offered by ward nurses and wound care nursing specialists. A retrospective clinical outcomes study that utilise CDW has been carried out. We identified 1415 patients who were evaluated as pressure ulcer risk group from 1 July 2019 to 31 December 2019. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to estimate the time to occurrence of pressure ulcers. We compared the survival curves of each group by applying the log-rank test for significance. The overall median time to occurrence for both groups was 13 days (95% CI range: 11-14 days). The control group showed a longer median time (14 days) to occurrence than the case group (12 days). In the pressure ulcer stage I, the case group showed a longer median time (14 days) to occurrence than the control group (8 days), indicating that the intervention provided by the wound care nursing specialist was effective in stage I, and delayed the occurrence of pressure ulcers. The findings may be used as preliminary data for the utilisation of the CDW in the field of nursing research in the future. Also, facilitating the accessibility of the wound care nursing specialist in the general wards should be effective to decrease the incidence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonsook Kim
- Department of NursingSeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Se Yeon Park
- Department of NursingSeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Meihua Piao
- School of NursingChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Earom Lim
- Department of NursingSeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Soon Hwa Yoo
- Department of NursingSeoul Metropolitan Government‐Seoul National University Boramae Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Minju Ryu
- Department of NursingSeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyo Yeon Lee
- Department of NursingSeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyejin Won
- Department of NursingSeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
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Monaco D, Zaghini F, Fiorini J, Venturini G, Iovino P, Vellone E, Alvaro R, Sili A. Effect of a wound healing protocol on patients with stage III and IV pressure ulcers: a preliminary observational study. J Wound Care 2022; 31:322-328. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2022.31.4.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the influence of a wound healing protocol for stage III and IV pressure ulcers (PUs), and to determine the predictive power of specific sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on wound healing and infection. Method: This longitudinal study included participants with stage III and IV PUs who were recruited from 10 acute care settings of an Italian university hospital, and who were managed with a protocol inspired by the TIMECare model. Data were collected between October 2018 and March 2019. The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Staging System was used to stage the PUs. Wound healing was assessed with the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH). Nutritional status was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment Index. Data collection took place at admission and every seven days thereafter—a total of six times before discharge. The outcome and predictors of wound healing were assessed with Student's paired t-tests and multiple linear regressions, respectively. Results: Patients (n=126) were almost equally split between male and female, with a mean age of 78.17 years and who were all retired. Stage III and IV PUs were most prevalent at the sacrum (65.5% and 73.2%, respectively). PUSH wound healing scores improved significantly after six weeks in both stage III and IV PUs (p<0.001). Nutritional status was predictive of wound healing (R2=0.12). Conclusion: Our results showed that a good nutritional status and a protocol inspired by the TIMECare model were associated with wound healing improvements in stage III and IV PUs. We recommend this protocol in older patients with stage III and IV PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Monaco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Fiorini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Iovino
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ercole Vellone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Alvaro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sili
- Nursing Department, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Wung Buh A, Mahmoud H, Chen W, McInnes MDF, Fergusson DA. Effects of implementing Pressure Ulcer Prevention Practice Guidelines (PUPPG) in the prevention of pressure ulcers among hospitalised elderly patients: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043042. [PMID: 33712523 PMCID: PMC7959222 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pressure ulcers are serious and potentially life-threatening problems across all age groups and across all medical specialties and care settings. The hospitalised elderly population is the most common group to develop pressure ulcers. This study aims to systematically review studies implementing pressure ulcer prevention strategies recommended in the Pressure Ulcer Prevention Practice Guidelines for the prevention of pressure ulcers among hospitalised elderly patients globally. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic review of all studies that have assessed the use of pressure ulcer prevention strategies in hospital settings among hospitalised elderly patients shall be conducted. A comprehensive search of all published articles in Medline Ovid, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Scopus and Web of Science will be done using terms such as pressure ulcers, prevention strategies, elderly patients and hospital. Studies will be screened for eligibility through title, abstract and full text by two independent reviewers. Study quality and risk of bias will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute for Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument. If sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted to synthesise the effect size reported as OR with 95% CIs using both fixed and random effect models. I2 statistics and visual inspection of the forest plots will be used to assess heterogeneity and identify the potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed by visual inspections of funnel plots and Egger's test. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No formal ethical approval or consent is required as no primary data will be collected. We aim to publish the research findings in a peer-reviewed scientific journal to promote knowledge transfer, as well as in conferences, seminars, congresses or symposia in a traditional manner. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019129088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Wung Buh
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hassan Mahmoud
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenjun Chen
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Matthew D F McInnes
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean A Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Monaco D, Iovino P, Lommi M, Marano G, Zaghini F, Vellone E, Alvaro R, Sili A. Outcomes of wound care nurses' practice in patients with pressure ulcers: An integrative review. J Clin Nurs 2020; 30:372-384. [PMID: 33270322 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound care nurses are recognised as a key element for improving health outcomes. However, there is still fragmented knowledge of the outcomes associated with their practice in individuals with pressure ulcers. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To identify, summarise and map all available evidence related to the outcomes of wound care nurses' practice in individuals with pressure ulcers. DESIGN Integrative literature review. REVIEW METHOD To report the review, we followed the modified version of Cooper's five-step methodology, and the PRISMA guidelines. METHODS The search was carried out on CINAHL, PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Scopus, with a time frame ranging from each database inception to December 21, 2019. We included observational or experimental studies of adult individuals affected by (or at risk of) developing pressure ulcers who were also cared for by wound care nurses. RESULTS Of the 439 peer-reviewed publications, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. The most frequent outcomes were pressure ulcer incidence, healing rate and time taken for complete healing. Less frequent outcomes were changes in pressure ulcers' stage, number of completely healed wounds, treatment costs and physical discomfort. No patient-reported outcomes were assessed. CONCLUSION This review indicates that clinical-related outcomes were by far the most reported. Future studies should broaden the spectrum of outcomes to include more subjective parameters (e.g. pain, quality of life, stress, etc.), in order to gain a better understanding of the global impact of wound care practice on patients with pressure ulcers. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE There is promising evidence of a positive impact of wound care nurses' practice on health and economic outcomes. Nonetheless, more robust and rigorous research is needed to provide stronger evidence in the field and support investment in these practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Monaco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Iovino
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,School of Nursing Midwifery and Paramedicin Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Francesco Zaghini
- Nursing Department, Tor Vergata University Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ercole Vellone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Alvaro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sili
- Nursing Department, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Shih DF, Wang JL, Chao SC, Chen YF, Liu KS, Chiang YS, Wang C, Chang MY, Yeh SL, Chu PH, Lai CS, Shye DC, Ho LH, Yang CM. Flexible Textile-Based Pressure Sensing System Applied in the Operating Room for Pressure Injury Monitoring of Cardiac Operation Patients. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164619. [PMID: 32824481 PMCID: PMC7472060 DOI: 10.3390/s20164619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pressure injury is the most important issue facing paralysis patients and the elderly, especially in long-term care or nursing. A new interfacial pressure sensing system combined with a flexible textile-based pressure sensor array and a real-time readout system improved by the Kalman filter is proposed to monitor interfacial pressure progress in the cardiac operation. With the design of the Kalman filter and parameter optimization, noise immunity can be improved by approximately 72%. Additionally, cardiac operation patients were selected to test this developed system for the direct correlation between pressure injury and interfacial pressure for the first time. The pressure progress of the operation time was recorded and presented with the visible data by time- and 2-dimension-dependent characteristics. In the data for 47 cardiac operation patients, an extreme body mass index (BMI) and significantly increased pressure after 2 h are the top 2 factors associated with the occurrence of pressure injury. This methodology can be used to prevent high interfacial pressure in high-risk patients before and during operation. It can be suggested that this system, integrated with air mattresses, can improve the quality of care and reduce the burden of the workforce and medical cost, especially for pressure injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Fen Shih
- eBio Technology Inc., Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (D.-F.S.); (J.-L.W.); (S.-C.C.); (D.-C.S.)
| | - Jyh-Liang Wang
- eBio Technology Inc., Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (D.-F.S.); (J.-L.W.); (S.-C.C.); (D.-C.S.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 243, Taiwan
| | - Sou-Chih Chao
- eBio Technology Inc., Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (D.-F.S.); (J.-L.W.); (S.-C.C.); (D.-C.S.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 243, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Fa Chen
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (C.-M.Y.)
| | - Kuo-Sheng Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Shan Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (C.W.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (C.W.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-L.Y.)
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Chang
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (C.W.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-L.Y.)
- Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Yeh
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (C.W.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-L.Y.)
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Hsien Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 199 Tung Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Sung Lai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Der-Chi Shye
- eBio Technology Inc., Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (D.-F.S.); (J.-L.W.); (S.-C.C.); (D.-C.S.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 243, Taiwan
| | - Lun-Hui Ho
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (C.W.); (M.-Y.C.); (S.-L.Y.)
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 2811)
| | - Chia-Ming Yang
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (C.-M.Y.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
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Aloweni FAB, Ang SY, Chang YY, Ng XP, Teo KY, Choh ACL, Goh IHQ, Lim SH. Evaluation of infrared technology to detect category I and suspected deep tissue injury in hospitalised patients. J Wound Care 2020; 28:S9-S16. [PMID: 31825768 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2019.28.sup12.s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of an infrared thermography device in assessing skin temperature among category I pressure ulcer (PU) and/or suspected deep tissue injuries (SDTI) with intact skin. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study design was used. Adult inpatients (cases) who had a category I PU or suspected deep tissue injury (skin intact) on the sacral or heel during the study period (March to April 2018) were recruited. Patients without a PU were also recruited to act as control. Thermal images of the patient's PU site and non-PU site were taken within 24 hours of PU occurrence. Thermal images of the control patients (no PU) were also taken. Each PU case was matched to three control patients in terms of age, gender, race and anatomical sites. All thermal images were taken using a portable CAT S60 Thermal Imaging Rugged Smartphone (Caterpillar Inc., US) that provided readings of the skin temperature in degrees Celsius. RESULTS A total of 17 cases and 51 controls were recruited. Among the cases, the mean difference in skin temperature between the PU site (mean: 31.14°C; standard deviation [SD]: 1.54) and control site within the cases (mean: 28.93°C; SD: 3.47) was significant (difference: 2.21±3.66°C; p=0·024). When comparing between all cases and controls, the mean temperature difference was non-significant. When comparing between the category I PU and suspected deep pressure injury cases, the mean difference was also non-significant. CONCLUSION Using infrared thermography technology at the bedside to measure skin temperature will support the clinical diagnosis of patients with skin types I to III. However, there is a need for a more accurate and objective measurement to identify and diagnose early category I PU or suspected deep tissue injury in adult patients with darker skin types 4 and above, enabling early initiation of preventive measures in the hospital acute care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shin Yuh Ang
- Division of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yee Yee Chang
- Division of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xin Ping Ng
- Division of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kai Yunn Teo
- Division of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Ivy Hui Qi Goh
- Division of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Siew Hoon Lim
- Division of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Haynes D, Hammer P, Malachowski SJ, Kaffenberger B, Yi JS, Vera N, Calhoun C, Shinohara MM, Seminario-Vidal L, Trinidad JC, Keller JJ, Ortega-Loayza AG. Characterisation and diagnosis of ulcers in inpatient dermatology consultation services: A multi-centre study. Int Wound J 2019; 16:1440-1444. [PMID: 31475449 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and prompt diagnosis of skin ulcers is critical to optimise management; however, studies in hospitalised patients are limited. This retrospective review of dermatologic consultations included 272 inpatients with skin ulcers between July 2015 and July 2018 in four U.S. academic hospitals. The median age was 54 years and 45% were male. In 49.3% of the patients, skin ulcers were considered the primary reason for admission. Ulcers of 62% were chronic and 49.6% were located on the lower extremities. Pyoderma gangrenosum (17.3%), infection (12.5%), and exogenous causes (11.8%) were the leading aetiologies; 12% remained diagnostically inconclusive after consultation. Diagnostic agreements pre-dermatology and post-dermatology consult ranged from 0.104 (n = 77, 95% CI 0.051-0.194) to 0.553 (n = 76, 95% CI 0.440-0.659), indicating poor-modest agreement. This study highlights the diagnostic complexity and relative incidences of skin ulcers in the inpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Haynes
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Dermatology, Portland, Oregon
| | - Phoebe Hammer
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | - Jonathan S Yi
- University of Washington, Division of Dermatology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nora Vera
- University of South Florida, Department of Dermatology, Tampa, Florida
| | - Cody Calhoun
- Ohio State University, Department of Dermatology, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michi M Shinohara
- University of Washington, Division of Dermatology, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - John C Trinidad
- Ohio State University, Department of Dermatology, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jesse J Keller
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Dermatology, Portland, Oregon
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11
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Chan B, Cadarette S, Wodchis W, Wong J, Mittmann N, Krahn M. Cost-of-illness studies in chronic ulcers: a systematic review. J Wound Care 2019; 26:S4-S14. [PMID: 28379102 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.sup4.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the published academic literature on the cost of chronic ulcers. METHODS A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, HealthSTAR, Econlit and CINAHL up to 12 May 2016 to identify potential studies for review. Cost search terms were based on validated algorithms. Clinical search terms were based on recent Cochrane reviews of interventions for chronic ulcers. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers to determine eligibility for full text review. Study characteristics were summarised. The quality of reporting was evaluated using a modified cost-of-illness checklist. Mean costs were adjusted and inflated to 2015 $US and presented for different durations and perspectives. RESULTS Of 2267 studies identified, 36 were eligible and included in the systematic review. Most studies presented results from the health-care public payer or hospital perspective. Many studies included hospital costs in the analysis and only reported total costs without presenting condition-specific attributable costs. The mean cost of chronic ulcers ranged from $1000 per year for patient out of pocket costs to $30,000 per episode from the health-care public payer perspective. Mean one year cost from a health-care public payer perspective was $44,200 for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), $15,400 for pressure ulcer (PU) and $11,000 for leg ulcer (LU). CONCLUSIONS There was large variability in study methods, perspectives, cost components and jurisdictions, making interpretation of costs difficult. Nevertheless, it appears that the cost for the treatment of chronic ulcers is substantial and greater attention needs to be made for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chan
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - S Cadarette
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - W Wodchis
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - J Wong
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment Collaborative, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - N Mittmann
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada
| | - M Krahn
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment Collaborative, University of Toronto, Canada
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12
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Impact of Pressure Injuries on Patient Outcomes in a Korean Hospital. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2019; 46:194-200. [DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Professionals' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Pressure Injuries in Canada. Adv Skin Wound Care 2019; 32:228-233. [PMID: 31008758 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000554444.52120.f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure injuries (PIs) represent a significant burden on the healthcare system and have a negative impact on the quality of life of those affected by these wounds. Despite best practice guidelines and other protocols to help healthcare facilities prevent PIs, the prevalence of PIs in Canada across all healthcare settings is concerning. OBJECTIVE To describe the pattern of PI prevention and identify national priorities and opportunities to address PIs. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional, online survey was created between August and December 2017 to explore Canadian healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to PIs. RESULTS In total, 590 surveys were completed. Eighty-five percent of respondents confirmed that PIs occur in their work environments, and 29% claimed PIs are a frequent occurrence. Most of the respondents (91%) confirmed that they were part of a team that treats PIs. Of the 590 participants, 90% confirmed that they are aware of PI prevention devices and technologies. Between 80% and 90% attest to using offloading devices including prophylactic dressings to prevent PIs, but only 20% instituted measures to address moisture-associated skin damage. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this survey have highlighted a disconnect between Canadian healthcare professionals' awareness of PIs and the implementation of best practices for PI prevention. It is evident that, although the majority of respondents were aware of PIs and related treatment protocols, barriers still exist that impede optimized care and treatment.
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Goodman L, Khemani E, Cacao F, Yoon J, Burkoski V, Jarrett S, Collins B, Hall TNT. A comparison of hospital-acquired pressure injuries in intensive care and non-intensive care units: a multifaceted quality improvement initiative. BMJ Open Qual 2018; 7:e000425. [PMID: 30397664 PMCID: PMC6202997 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPI) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and represent a major health concern worldwide. Patients suffering from HAPI report a poor quality of life on several dimensions of health. Moreover, HAPI is reported to lengthen in-hospital stay in the acute setting, posing significant healthcare resource utilisations and costs. Given the clinical and economic burden of HAPI, recent best practice guidelines provide recommendations to reduce the prevalence of pressure injuries. Humber River Hospital (HRH), a large community hospital in Toronto, Canada, has a daily census of approximately 500 patients. The aim of this project was to reduce the prevalence of HAPI within the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU setting at HRH within a 1-year period. Using the International Pressure Injury/Ulcer Prevalence (IPUP) Survey we established a baseline prevalence of HAPI of 27.6% (n=315) for non-ICU and 30% for ICU (n=33) patients at our institution in 2015. Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) method for quality improvement, we implemented a multifaceted approach aimed at improving equipment, digital documentation and education on risk assessment, prevention and treatment strategies. Over multiple PDSA cycles, our prevalence of HAPI reduced to 16% for non-ICU patients with no changes to the HAPI prevalence in ICU patients in 2016. Sustainability continues with HAPI prevalence currently at 10% in 2017 for non-ICU patients, which outperforms the Canadian prevalence (13.7%) by census size for 2017. However, the prevalence of HAPI in the ICU increased to 45% in 2017 despite multiple quality improvement initiatives, suggesting critically ill patients represent a unique challenge for reducing HAPI for these patients at our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Goodman
- Professional Practice, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekta Khemani
- Department of Quality and Patient Safety, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, Niagara Health, St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francis Cacao
- Critical Care, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yoon
- Professional Practice, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Burkoski
- Senior Administration, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Jarrett
- Senior Administration, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Collins
- Senior Administration, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor N T Hall
- Department of Quality and Patient Safety, Humber River Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure ulcers are treated by reducing pressure on the areas of damaged skin. Special support surfaces (including beds, mattresses and cushions) designed to redistribute pressure, are widely used as treatments. The relative effects of different support surfaces are unclear. This is an update of an existing review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of pressure-relieving support surfaces in the treatment of pressure ulcers. SEARCH METHODS In September 2017 we searched the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Ovid MEDLINE (including In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid Embase and EBSCO CINAHL Plus. We also searched clinical trials registries for ongoing and unpublished studies, and scanned reference lists of relevant included studies as well as reviews, meta-analyses and health technology reports to identify additional studies. There were no restrictions with respect to language, date of publication or study setting. SELECTION CRITERIA We included published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs), that assessed the effects of support surfaces for treating pressure ulcers, in any participant group or setting. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data extraction, assessment of 'Risk of bias' and GRADE assessments were performed independently by two review authors. Trials with similar participants, comparisons and outcomes were considered for meta-analysis. Where meta-analysis was inappropriate, we reported the results of the trials narratively. Where possible, we planned to report data as either risk ratio or mean difference as appropriate. MAIN RESULTS For this update we identified one new trial of support surfaces for pressure ulcer treatment, bringing the total to 19 trials involving 3241 participants. Most trials were small, with sample sizes ranging from 20 to 1971, and were generally at high or unclear risk of bias. PRIMARY OUTCOME healing of existing pressure ulcersLow-tech constant pressure support surfacesIt is uncertain whether profiling beds increase the proportion of pressure ulcer which heal compared with standard hospital beds as the evidence is of very low certainty: (RR 3.96, 95% CI 1.28 to 12.24), downgraded for serious risk of bias, serious imprecision and indirectness (1 study; 70 participants).There is currently no clear difference in ulcer healing between water-filled support surfaces and foam replacement mattresses: (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.37); low-certainty evidence downgraded for serious risk of bias and serious imprecision (1 study; 120 participants).Further analysis could not be performed for polyester overlays versus gel overlays (1 study; 72 participants), non-powered mattresses versus low-air-loss mattresses (1 study; 20 participants) or standard hospital mattresses with sheepskin overlays versus standard hospital mattresses (1 study; 36 participants).High-tech pressure support surfacesIt is currently unclear whether high-tech pressure support surfaces (such as low-air-loss beds, air suspension beds, and alternating pressure surfaces) improve the healing of pressure ulcers (14 studies; 2923 participants) or which intervention may be more effective. The certainty of the evidence is generally low, downgraded mostly for risk of bias, indirectness and imprecision.Secondary outcomesNo analyses were undertaken with respect to secondary outcomes including participant comfort and surface reliability and acceptability as reporting of these within the included trials was very limited.Overall, the evidence is of low to very low certainty and was primarily downgraded due to risk of bias and imprecision with some indirectness. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on the current evidence, it is unclear whether any particular type of low- or high-tech support surface is more effective at healing pressure ulcers than standard support surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth McInnes
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic UniversityNursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Australia (Sydney) and Australian Catholic University (ACU)Executive Suite, Level 5 DeLacy BuildingSt Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria RoadDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia2010
| | - Asmara Jammali‐Blasi
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic UniversityNursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Australia (Sydney) and Australian Catholic University (ACU)Executive Suite, Level 5 DeLacy BuildingSt Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria RoadDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia2010
| | - Sally EM Bell‐Syer
- CochraneCochrane Editorial UnitSt Albans House57‐59 HaymarketLondonUKSW1Y 4QX
| | - Vannessa Leung
- Sydney Eye HospitalKensingtonSydneyNSWAustralia2052
- The University of SydneyReserve RoadSydneyNSWAustralia2065
- The University of New South WalesReserve RoadSydneyNSWAustralia2065
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Usefulness of the Braden Scale in Intensive Care Units: A Study Based on Electronic Health Record Data. J Nurs Care Qual 2018; 33:238-246. [PMID: 29227335 DOI: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nurses working in intensive care units have expressed concern that some categories of the Braden scale such as activity and nutrition are not suitable for intensive care unit patients. Upon examining the validity of the Braden scale using the electronic health data, we found relatively low predictability of the tool. Risk factors from the sensory perception and activity categories were not associated with risk of pressure ulcers.
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White BA, Dea N, Street JT, Cheng CL, Rivers CS, Attabib N, Kwon BK, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF. The Economic Burden of Urinary Tract Infection and Pressure Ulceration in Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Admissions: Evidence for Comparative Economics and Decision Analytics from a Matched Case-Control Study. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2892-2900. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Dea
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - John T. Street
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Najmedden Attabib
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; Horizon Health Network, Division of Neurosurgery, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles G. Fisher
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcel F. Dvorak
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Martin D, Albensi L, Van Haute S, Froese M, Montgomery M, Lam M, Gierys K, Lajeunesse R, Guse L, Basova N. Healthy Skin Wins: A Glowing Pressure Ulcer Prevention Program That Can Guide Evidence-Based Practice. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2017; 14:473-483. [PMID: 28755424 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2013, an observational survey was conducted among 242 in-patients in a community hospital with a pressure ulcer (PU) prevalence of 34.3%. An evidence-based pressure ulcer prevention program (PUPP) was then implemented including a staff awareness campaign entitled "Healthy Skin Wins" with an online tutorial about PU prevention. AIMS To determine the effectiveness of the PUPP in reducing the prevalence of PUs, to determine the effectiveness of the online tutorial in increasing hospital staff's knowledge level about PU prevention, and to explore frontline staff's perspectives of the PUPP. METHODS This was a mixed methods study. A repeat observational survey discerned if the PUPP reduced PU prevalence. A pre-test post-test design was used to determine whether hospital staff's knowledge of PU prevention was enhanced by the online tutorial. Qualitative interviews were conducted with nurses, allied health professionals, and health care aides to explore staff's perspectives of the PUPP. RESULTS A comparison of initial and repeat observational surveys (n = 239) identified a statistically significant reduction in the prevalence of PU to 7.53% (p < .001). The online tutorial enhanced staff knowledge level with a statistically significantly higher mean post-test score (n = 80). Thirty-five frontline staff shared their perspectives of the PUPP with "it's definitely a combination of everything" and "there's a disconnect between what's needed and what's available" as the main themes. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating evidence-based PU prevention into clinical practice greatly reduced the prevalence of PUs among hospital in-patients. Due to the small sample size for the pre-test post-test component, the effectiveness of the online tutorial in improving the knowledge level of PU prevention among hospital staff requires further research. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Evidence-based PU prevention strategies are facilitated by using a multidisciplinary approach. Educational tools about PU prevention must target all members of the healthcare team including healthcare aides, patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Martin
- Xi Lambda, Associate Professor, University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Nursing, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lisa Albensi
- Xi Lambda, Director of Health Services, Southern Health Sante-Sud Regional Authority, Bethesda Regional Health Centre, Steinbach, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stephanie Van Haute
- Program Development Officer, Manitoba HIV Program, Winnipeg Manitoba; Nursing Supervisor, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg Manitoba; Facility Patient Care Manager, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Maria Froese
- Physiotherapist, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mary Montgomery
- Occupational Therapist, Seven Oaks Hospital, Occupational Therapy, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mavis Lam
- Registered Dietician, Seven Oaks Hospital, Clinical Nutrition, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kendra Gierys
- Continuing Education Instructor, Seven Oaks Hospital, Critical Care, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rob Lajeunesse
- Program Care Team Manager, Seven Oaks Hospital, Renal Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lorna Guse
- Associate Professor, University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Nursing, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nataliya Basova
- Xi Lambda, Registered Nurse, Health Sciences Centre, Central Support Services, Surgical Relief Team, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Ocampo W, Cheung A, Baylis B, Clayden N, Conly JM, Ghali WA, Ho CH, Kaufman J, Stelfox HT, Hogan DB. Economic Evaluations of Strategies to Prevent Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injuries. Adv Skin Wound Care 2017; 30:319-333. [PMID: 28617751 PMCID: PMC5482558 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000520289.89090.b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
GENERAL PURPOSE To provide information from a review of literature about economic evaluations of preventive strategies for pressure injuries (PIs). TARGET AUDIENCE This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:1. Identify the purpose and methods used for this study.2. Compare costs and effectiveness related to preventative strategies for PIs. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Pressure injuries (PIs) are a common and resource-intensive challenge for acute care hospitals worldwide. While a number of preventive strategies have the potential to reduce the cost of hospital-acquired PIs, it is unclear what approach is the most effective. OBJECTIVE The authors performed a narrative review of the literature on economic evaluations of preventive strategies to survey current findings and identify important factors in economic assessments. DATA SOURCES Ovid, MEDLINE, NHS Economic Evaluation Databases, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic ReviewsSELECTION CRITERIA: Potentially relevant original research articles and systematic reviews were considered. DATA EXTRACTION Selection criteria included articles that were written in English, provided data on cost or economic evaluations of preventive strategies of PIs in acute care, and published between January 2004 and September 2015. Data were abstracted from the articles using a standardized approach to evaluate how the items on the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist were addressed. DATA SYNTHESIS The searches identified 192 references. Thirty-three original articles were chosen for full-text reviews. Nineteen of these articles provided clear descriptions of interventions, study methods, and outcomes considered. CONCLUSIONS Limitations in the available literature prevent firm conclusions from being reached about the relative economic merits of the various approaches to the prevention of PIs. The authors' review revealed a need for additional high-quality studies that adhere to commonly used standards of both currently utilized and emerging ways to prevent hospital-acquired PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wrechelle Ocampo
- Wrechelle Ocampo, MBT • Research Associate • W21C Research and Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine • University of Calgary • Calgary, Alberta • Canada Amanda Cheung, MBT, BS • Research Assistant • W21C Research and Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine • University of Calgary • Calgary, Alberta • Canada Barry Baylis, MD • Executive Codirector • W21C Research and Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine • University of Calgary • Calgary, Alberta • Canada • Clinical Associate Professor • Department of Medicine • University of Calgary Nancy Clayden, EMT-P • Research Associate • W21C Research and Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine • University of Calgary • Calgary, Alberta • Canada John M. Conly, MD • Medical Director • W21C Research and Innovation Centre, Cumming School of Medicine • University of Calgary • Calgary, Alberta • Canada • Professor • Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases • University of Calgary William A. Ghali, MD • Scientific Director • O'Brien Institute for Public Health • University of Calgary • Calgary, Alberta • Canada • Professor • Division of General Internal Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences • Cumming School of Medicine • University of Calgary Chester H. Ho, MD • Associate Professor and Head • Department of Clinical Neurosciences • University of Calgary • Calgary, Alberta • Canada Jaime Kaufman, PhD • Manager • W21C Strategic Programs • W21C Research and Innovation Centre • Cumming School of Medicine • University of Calgary • Calgary, Alberta • Canada Henry T. Stelfox, MD, PhD • Associate Professor • Departments of Community Health Sciences, Medicine, and Critical Care Medicine • University of Calgary • Calgary, Alberta • Canada David B. Hogan, MD • Brenda Stafford Foundation Chair • Geriatric Medicine • Calgary, Alberta • Canada • Professor • Departments of Medicine, Clinical Neurosciences, and Community Health Sciences • Cumming School of Medicine • University of Calgary • Calgary, Alberta • Canada
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Silva DRA, Bezerra SMG, Costa JP, Luz MHBA, Lopes VCA, Nogueira LT. Pressure ulcer dressings in critical patients: a cost analysis. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2017; 51:e03231. [PMID: 28614438 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2016014803231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the direct cost of dressings in pressure ulcer treatment. METHOD This was a descriptive observational study conducted at an intensive care unit in the Northeast region of Brazil, between November and December 2015. Data were gathered using the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing and a form to characterize and assess costs. Values in Brazilian reais (BRL) were converted into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of USD 0.26/BRL. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS The sample consisted of 15 patients with at least stage 2 ulcers. There was a significant reduction in costs with dressing materials between the initial and final assessments (p=0.002), with a mean of USD 11.9 (±7.4). The most common topical treatments used were essential fatty acids and papain. CONCLUSION Cost reduction was proportional to the stage of pressure ulcer. The role of nurses in creating evidence-based care plans is crucial to improve care management. OBJETIVO Avaliar o custo direto com curativos no tratamento de lesões por pressão. MÉTODO Estudo observacional descritivo, realizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do nordeste do Brasil, de novembro a dezembro de 2015. Foi aplicada a Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing e formulário para caracterização e avaliação de custos. Os valores da moeda brasileira (R$) foram convertidos para a moeda norte-americana (US$) à taxa de US$0,26/R$. Foram realizadas análises univariadas e bivariadas. RESULTADOS Compuseram a amostra 15 pacientes com lesões, no mínimo, estágio 2. Houve redução significativa dos custos com materiais de curativos entre as avaliações inicial e final (p=0,002), com média de US$11,9 (±7,4). As terapias tópicas mais frequentes foram ácidos graxos essenciais e papaína. CONCLUSÃO Verificou-se redução de custos proporcional aos estágios das lesões. Enfatiza-se o papel do enfermeiro na elaboração de planos de cuidados baseados em evidências para melhor gerenciamento do cuidado. OBJETIVO Evaluar el costo directo de curativos para el tratamiento de lesiones por presión. MÉTODO Estudio observacional descriptivo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del noreste de Brasil, de noviembre a diciembre del año 2015. Se aplicó la Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing y formulario para la caracterización y evaluación de los costos. Los valores de la moneda brasileña (Reales- R$) se convirtieron al dólar estadounidense (US$) a razón de $0.26/R$. Se realizaron análisis univariados y bivariados. RESULTADOS La muestra consistió en 15 pacientes con lesiones al menos en Etapa 2. Hubo una reducción significativa en el costo de los materiales de curación entre las evaluaciones inicial y final (p=0,002), con un promedio de US$11.9 (±7.4). Los tratamientos tópicos más comunes son los ácidos grasos esenciales y papaína. CONCLUSIÓN Se verificó una reducción de los costos proporcional a las etapas de las lesiones. Se hace hincapié en el papel de los enfermeros en el desarrollo de planes de cuidados basados en la evidencia, para una mejor gestión de la atención.
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Mitsakakis N, Tomlinson G. Bayesian regression models for the estimation of net cost of disease using aggregate data. Stat Methods Med Res 2017; 26:1110-1129. [PMID: 25616479 DOI: 10.1177/0962280214568110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of net costs attributed to a disease or other health condition is very important for health economists and policy makers. Skewness and heteroscedasticity are well-known characteristics for cost data, making linear models generally inappropriate and dictating the use of other types of models, such as gamma regression. Additional hurdles emerge when individual level data are not available. In this paper, we consider the latter case were data are only available at the aggregate level, containing means and standard deviations for different strata defined by a number of demographic and clinical factors. We summarize a number of methods that can be used for this estimation, and we propose a Bayesian approach that utilizes the sample stratum specific standard deviations as stochastic. We investigate the performance of two linear mixed models, comparing them with two proposed gamma regression mixed models, to analyze simulated data generated by gamma and log-normal distributions. Our proposed Bayesian approach seems to have significant advantages for net cost estimation when only aggregate data are available. The implemented gamma models do not seem to offer the expected benefits over the linear models; however, further investigation and refinement is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mitsakakis
- 1 Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 2 Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- 3 Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Tomlinson
- 4 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 5 Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Mt Sinai Hospital, ON, Canada
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Chacon JM, Blanes L, Borba LG, Rocha LR, Ferreira LM. Direct variable cost of the topical treatment of stages III and IV pressure injuries incurred in a public university hospital. J Tissue Viability 2017; 26:108-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of pressure ulcers involves several interventions ranging from pressure-relieving measures such as repositioning, to treatments that can include reconstructive surgery. Such surgery may be considered for recalcitrant wounds when full thickness skin loss arises and deeper structures such as muscle fascia and even bone are exposed. The surgery commonly involves wound debridement followed by the addition of new tissue into the wound. Whilst reconstructive surgery is an accepted means of ulcer management, the benefits and harms of surgery compared with non-surgical treatments, or alternative surgical approaches are not clear. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of reconstructive surgery for healing pressure ulcers (stage II or above), comparing surgery with no surgery or comparing alternative forms of surgery in any care setting. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic databases to identify reports of relevant randomised clinical trials (searched 26 September 2016): the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. We also searched three clinical trials registers and reference lists of relevant systematic reviews, meta-analyses and health technology assessment reports. SELECTION CRITERIA Published or unpublished randomised controlled trials that assessed reconstructive surgery in the treatment of pressure ulcers. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently performed study selection. We planned that two review authors would also assess the risk of bias and extract study data. MAIN RESULTS We did not identify any studies that met the review eligibility criteria nor any registered studies investigating the role of reconstructive surgery in the management of pressure ulcers. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Currently there is no randomised evidence that supports or refutes the role of reconstructive surgery in pressure ulcer management. This is a priority area and there is a need to explore this intervention with more rigorous and robust research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason KF Wong
- University Hospital South ManchesterPlastic and Reconstructive SurgerySouthmoor Road, WythenshaweManchesterUKM23 9LT
| | - Kavit Amin
- University Hospital South ManchesterPlastic and Reconstructive SurgerySouthmoor Road, WythenshaweManchesterUKM23 9LT
| | - Jo C Dumville
- University of ManchesterDivision of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & HealthManchesterUKM13 9PL
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Kirkland-Walsh H, Teleten O, Wilson M, Raingruber B. Pressure Mapping Comparison of Four OR Surfaces. AORN J 2016; 102:61.e1-9. [PMID: 26119617 DOI: 10.1016/j.aorn.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mortality and health care costs associated with hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) increase yearly. After four hours of surgery, the risk of developing a pressure ulcer increases by 33% for every 30 minutes of surgery. Prolonged immobility, lower blood pressures, and increased surface interface pressure may hinder the blood supply delivered to the skin, eventually leading to pressure ulcers. We measured and compared four different OR surfaces to identify the most effective pressure redistribution surface for prolonged OR procedures. The best surface attributes that provide efficient pressure redistribution should have the following properties: the lowest average interface pressure, the lowest peak interface pressure, and the highest skin contact area. Although all surfaces had similar average interface pressures, the air-inflated static seat cushion had the best pressure redistribution properties in the sacral region compared with the other surfaces tested.
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The cost of prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52:1754-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, decubitus ulcers and pressure injuries, are localised areas of injury to the skin or the underlying tissue, or both. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a treatment option for pressure ulcers; a clear, current overview of the evidence is required to facilitate decision-making regarding its use. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of negative pressure wound therapy for treating pressure ulcers in any care setting. SEARCH METHODS For this review, we searched the following databases in May 2015: the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register; The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; The Cochrane Library); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid EMBASE; and EBSCO CINAHL. There were no restrictions based on language or date of publication. SELECTION CRITERIA Published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of NPWT with alternative treatments or different types of NPWT in the treatment of pressure ulcers (stage II or above). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently performed study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. MAIN RESULTS The review contains four studies with a total of 149 participants. Two studies compared NPWT with dressings; one study compared NPWT with a series of gel treatments and one study compared NPWT with 'moist wound healing'. One study had a 24-week follow-up period, and two had a six-week follow-up period, the follow-up time was unclear for one study. Three of the four included studies were deemed to be at a high risk of bias from one or more 'Risk of bias' domains and all evidence was deemed to be of very low quality. Only one study reported usable primary outcome data (complete wound healing), but this had only 12 participants and there were very few events (only one participant healed in the study). There was little other useful data available from the included studies on positive outcomes such as wound healing or negative outcomes such as adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently no rigorous RCT evidence available regarding the effects of NPWT compared with alternatives for the treatment of pressure ulcers. High uncertainty remains about the potential benefits or harms, or both, of using this treatment for pressure ulcer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo C Dumville
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, M13 9PL
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Ackroyd-Stolarz S. Improving the prevention of pressure ulcers as a way to reduce health care expenditures. CMAJ 2014; 186:E370-1. [PMID: 24778356 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.131620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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