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Ueda Y, Matsunaga D, Deguchi S. Asymmetric response emerges between creation and disintegration of force-bearing subcellular structures as revealed by percolation analysis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2024; 16:zyae012. [PMID: 38900169 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cells dynamically remodel their internal structures by modulating the arrangement of actin filaments (AFs). In this process, individual AFs exhibit stochastic behavior without knowing the macroscopic higher-order structures they are meant to create or disintegrate, but the mechanism allowing for such stochastic process-driven remodeling of subcellular structures remains incompletely understood. Here we employ percolation theory to explore how AFs interacting only with neighboring ones without recognizing the overall configuration can nonetheless create a substantial structure referred to as stress fibers (SFs) at particular locations. We determined the interaction probabilities of AFs undergoing cellular tensional homeostasis, a fundamental property maintaining intracellular tension. We showed that the duration required for the creation of SFs is shortened by the increased amount of preexisting actin meshwork, while the disintegration occurs independently of the presence of actin meshwork, suggesting that the coexistence of tension-bearing and non-bearing elements allows cells to promptly transition to new states in accordance with transient environmental changes. The origin of this asymmetry between creation and disintegration, consistently observed in actual cells, is elucidated through a minimal model analysis by examining the intrinsic nature of mechano-signal transmission. Specifically, unlike the symmetric case involving biochemical communication, physical communication to sense environmental changes is facilitated via AFs under tension, while other free AFs dissociated from tension-bearing structures exhibit stochastic behavior. Thus, both the numerical and minimal models demonstrate the essence of intracellular percolation, in which macroscopic asymmetry observed at the cellular level emerges not from microscopic asymmetry in the interaction probabilities of individual molecules, but rather only as a consequence of the manner of the mechano-signal transmission. These results provide novel insights into the role of the mutual interplay between distinct subcellular structures with and without tension-bearing capability. Insight: Cells continuously remodel their internal elements or structural proteins in response to environmental changes. Despite the stochastic behavior of individual structural proteins, which lack awareness of the larger subcellular structures they are meant to create or disintegrate, this self-assembly process somehow occurs to enable adaptation to the environment. Here we demonstrated through percolation simulations and minimal model analyses that there is an asymmetry in the response between the creation and disintegration of subcellular structures, which can aid environmental adaptation. This asymmetry inherently arises from the nature of mechano-signal transmission through structural proteins, namely tension-mediated information exchange within cells, despite the stochastic behavior of individual proteins lacking asymmetric characters in themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Ueda
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
| | - Daiki Matsunaga
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
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Saito T, Huang W, Matsui TS, Kuragano M, Takahashi M, Deguchi S. What factors determine the number of nonmuscle myosin II in the sarcomeric unit of stress fibers? Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 20:155-166. [PMID: 32776260 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Actin stress fibers (SFs), a contractile apparatus in nonmuscle cells, possess a contractile unit that is apparently similar to the sarcomere of myofibrils in muscles. The function of SFs has thus often been addressed based on well-characterized properties of muscles. However, unlike the fixed number of myosin molecules in myofibrils, the number of nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) within the contractile sarcomeric unit in SFs is quite low and variable for some reason. Here we address what factors may determine the specific number of NMII in SFs. We suggest with a theoretical model that the number lies just in between the function of SFs for bearing cellular tension under static conditions and for promptly disintegrating upon forced cell shortening. We monitored shortening-induced disintegration of SFs in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells expressing mutants of myosin regulatory light chain that virtually regulates the interaction of NMII with actin filaments, and the behaviors observed were indeed consistent with the theoretical consequences. This situation-specific nature of SFs may allow nonmuscle cells to respond adaptively to mechanical stress to circumvent activation of pro-inflammatory signals as previously indicated, i.e., a behavior distinct from that of muscles that are basically specialized for exhibiting contractile activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Saito
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa S Matsui
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuragano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
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KIM J, KIGAMI H, ADACHI T. Characterization of self-organized osteocytic spheroids using mouse osteoblast-like cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1299/jbse.20-00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun KIM
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Hiroyuki KIGAMI
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Taiji ADACHI
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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Takehara H, Sakaguchi K, Kuroda M, Muraoka M, Itoga K, Okano T, Shimizu T. Controlling shape and position of vascular formation in engineered tissues by arbitrary assembly of endothelial cells. Biofabrication 2015; 7:045006. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/4/045006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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5
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Computational studies on strain transmission from a collagen gel construct to a cell and its internal cytoskeletal filaments. Comput Biol Med 2015; 56:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Akimoto J, Arauchi A, Nakayama M, Kanaya R, Iwase Y, Takagi S, Yamato M, Okano T. Facile cell sheet manipulation and transplantation by usingin situgelation method. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1659-68. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Akimoto
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns); Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
| | - Ayumi Arauchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns); Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
| | - Masamichi Nakayama
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns); Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
| | - Ryo Kanaya
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns); Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
- Kowa Company Limited, 3-6-29, Nishiki, Naka-ku; Nagoya Aichi 460-8625 Japan
| | - Yuko Iwase
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns); Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
| | - Soichi Takagi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns); Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns); Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns); Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8666 Japan
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Kim MC, Neal DM, Kamm RD, Asada HH. Dynamic modeling of cell migration and spreading behaviors on fibronectin coated planar substrates and micropatterned geometries. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1002926. [PMID: 23468612 PMCID: PMC3585413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrative cell migration model incorporating focal adhesion (FA) dynamics, cytoskeleton and nucleus remodeling, actin motor activity, and lamellipodia protrusion is developed for predicting cell spreading and migration behaviors. This work is motivated by two experimental works: (1) cell migration on 2-D substrates under various fibronectin concentrations and (2) cell spreading on 2-D micropatterned geometries. These works suggest (1) cell migration speed takes a maximum at a particular ligand density (∼1140 molecules/µm(2)) and (2) that strong traction forces at the corners of the patterns may exist due to combined effects exerted by actin stress fibers (SFs). The integrative model of this paper successfully reproduced these experimental results and indicates the mechanism of cell migration and spreading. In this paper, the mechanical structure of the cell is modeled as having two elastic membranes: an outer cell membrane and an inner nuclear membrane. The two elastic membranes are connected by SFs, which are extended from focal adhesions on the cortical surface to the nuclear membrane. In addition, the model also includes ventral SFs bridging two focal adhesions on the cell surface. The cell deforms and gains traction as transmembrane integrins distributed over the outer cell membrane bond to ligands on the ECM surface, activate SFs, and form focal adhesions. The relationship between the cell migration speed and fibronectin concentration agrees with existing experimental data for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell migrations on fibronectin coated surfaces. In addition, the integrated model is validated by showing persistent high stress concentrations at sharp geometrically patterned edges. This model will be used as a predictive model to assist in design and data processing of upcoming microfluidic cell migration assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kim
- BioSystem & Micromechanics IRG, Singapore MIT Alliance Research Technology, Singapore.
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Ronan W, Deshpande VS, McMeeking RM, McGarry JP. Numerical investigation of the active role of the actin cytoskeleton in the compression resistance of cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 14:143-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Matsui TS, Kaunas R, Kanzaki M, Sato M, Deguchi S. Non-muscle myosin II induces disassembly of actin stress fibres independently of myosin light chain dephosphorylation. Interface Focus 2011; 1:754-66. [PMID: 23050080 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic remodelling of actin stress fibres (SFs) allows non-muscle cells to adapt to applied forces such as uniaxial cell shortening. However, the mechanism underlying rapid and selective disassembly of SFs oriented in the direction of shortening remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated how myosin crossbridge cycling induced by MgATP is associated with SF disassembly. Moderate concentrations of MgATP, or [MgATP], induced SF contraction. Meanwhile, at [MgATP] slightly higher than the physiological level, periodic actin patterns emerged along the length of SFs and dispersed within seconds. The actin fragments were diverse in length, but comparable to those in characteristic sarcomeric units of SFs. These results suggest that MgATP-bound non-muscle myosin II dissociates from the individual actin filaments that constitute the sarcomeric units, resulting in unbundling-induced disassembly rather than end-to-end actin depolymerization. This rapid SF disassembly occurred independent of dephosphorylation of myosin light chain. In terms of effects on actin-myosin interactions, a rise in [MgATP] is functionally equivalent to a temporal decrease in the total number of actin-myosin crossbridges. Actin-myosin crossbridges are known to be reduced by an assisting load on myosin. Thus, the present study suggests that reducing the number of actin-myosin crossbridges promotes rapid and orientation-dependent disassembly of SFs after cell shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa S Matsui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8579 , Japan
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10
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Kaunas R, Deguchi S. Multiple Roles for Myosin II in Tensional Homeostasis Under Mechanical Loading. Cell Mol Bioeng 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-011-0175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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11
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OKEYO KO, ADACHI T, HOJO M. Mechanical Regulation of Actin Network Dynamics in Migrating Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1299/jbse.5.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Taiji ADACHI
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University
- Computational Cell Biomechanics Team, VCAD System Research Program, RIKEN
| | - Masaki HOJO
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University
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12
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ADACHI T, SHIMADA Y, INOUE Y, HOJO M. Approach Behavior of Binding Proteins Toward Actin Filament : Brownian Dynamics Simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1299/kikaia.76.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiji ADACHI
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University
| | | | - Yasuhiro INOUE
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University
| | - Masaki HOJO
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University
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Okeyo KO, Adachi T, Sunaga J, Hojo M. Actomyosin contractility spatiotemporally regulates actin network dynamics in migrating cells. J Biomech 2009; 42:2540-8. [PMID: 19665125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Coupling interactions among mechanical and biochemical factors are important for the realization of various cellular processes that determine cell migration. Although F-actin network dynamics has been the focus of many studies, it is not yet clear how mechanical forces generated by actomyosin contractility spatiotemporally regulate this fundamental aspect of cell migration. In this study, using a combination of fluorescent speckle microscopy and particle imaging velocimetry techniques, we perturbed the actomyosin system and examined quantitatively the consequence of actomyosin contractility on F-actin network flow and deformation in the lamellipodia of actively migrating fish keratocytes. F-actin flow fields were characterized by retrograde flow at the front and anterograde flow at the back of the lamellipodia, and the two flows merged to form a convergence zone of reduced flow intensity. Interestingly, activating or inhibiting actomyosin contractility altered network flow intensity and convergence, suggesting that network dynamics is directly regulated by actomyosin contractility. Moreover, quantitative analysis of F-actin network deformation revealed that the deformation was significantly negative and predominant in the direction of cell migration. Furthermore, perturbation experiments revealed that the deformation was a function of actomyosin contractility. Based on these results, we suggest that the actin cytoskeletal structure is a mechanically self-regulating system, and we propose an elaborate pathway for the spatiotemporal self-regulation of the actin cytoskeletal structure during cell migration. In the proposed pathway, mechanical forces generated by actomyosin interactions are considered central to the realization of the various mechanochemical processes that determine cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Omondi Okeyo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Adachi T, Okeyo KO, Shitagawa Y, Hojo M. Strain field in actin filament network in lamellipodia of migrating cells: Implication for network reorganization. J Biomech 2009; 42:297-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Nagayama K, Matsumoto T. Contribution of actin filaments and microtubules to quasi-in situ tensile properties and internal force balance of cultured smooth muscle cells on a substrate. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295:C1569-78. [PMID: 18923059 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00098.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of actin filaments (AFs) and microtubules (MTs) on quasi-in situ tensile properties and intracellular force balance were studied in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). A SMC cultured on substrates was held using a pair of micropipettes, gradually detached from the substrate while maintaining in situ cell shape and cytoskeletal integrity, and then stretched up to approximately 15% and unloaded three times at the rate of 1 mum every 5 s. Cell stiffness was approximately 20 nN per percent strain in the untreated case and decreased by approximately 65% and approximately 30% following AF and MT disruption, respectively. MT augmentation did not affect cell stiffness significantly. The roles of AFs and MTs in resisting cell stretching and shortening were assessed using the area retraction of the cell upon noninvasive detachment from thermoresponsive gelatin-coated dishes. The retraction was approximately 40% in untreated cells, while in AF-disrupted cells it was <20%. The retraction increased by approximately 50% and decreased by approximately 30% following MT disruption and augmentation, respectively, suggesting that MTs resist intercellular tension generated by AFs. Three-dimensional measurements of cell morphology using confocal microscopy revealed that the cell volume remained unchanged following drug treatment. A concomitant increase in cell height and decrease in cell area was observed following AF disruption and MT augmentation. In contrast, MT disruption significantly reduced the cell height. These results indicate that both AFs and MTs play crucial roles in maintaining whole cell mechanical properties of SMCs, and that while AFs act as an internal tension generator, MTs act as a tension reducer, and these contribute to intracellular force balance three dimensionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Nagayama
- Nagoya Institute of Technology Omohi College, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
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Adachi T, Sato K, Higashi N, Tomita Y, Hojo M. Simultaneous observation of calcium signaling response and membrane deformation due to localized mechanical stimulus in single osteoblast-like cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2008; 1:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 06/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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