Network pharmacology and molecular docking reveal zedoary turmeric-trisomes in Inflammatory bowel disease with intestinal fibrosis

Pathophysiological consequences and treatment strategy of obstructive jaundice

Obstructive jaundice (OJ) is a common problem in daily clinical practice. However, completely understanding the pathophysiological changes in OJ remains a challenge for planning current and future management. The effects of OJ are widespread, affecting the biliary tree, hepatic cells, liver function, and causing systemic complications. The lack of bile in the intestine, destruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and increased absorption of endotoxins can lead to endotoxemia, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and induce systemic inflammatory response syndrome, ultimately leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Proper management of OJ includes adequate water supply and electrolyte replacement, nutritional support, preventive antibiotics, pain relief, and itching relief. The surgical treatment of OJ depends on the cause, location, and severity of the obstruction. Biliary drainage, surgery, and endoscopic intervention are potential treatment options depending on the patient's condition. In addition to modern medical treatments, Traditional Chinese medicine may offer therapeutic benefits for OJ. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed for relevant articles published up to August 1970. This review discusses in detail the pathophysiological changes associated with OJ and presents effective strategies for managing the condition.

The Role of Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation in Intestinal Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Descending Process or a Programmed Consequence?

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic diseases characterized by recurring periods of exacerbation and remission. Fibrosis of the intestine is one of the most common complications of IBD. Based on current analyses, it is evident that genetic factors and mechanisms, as well as epigenetic factors, play a role in the induction and progression of intestinal fibrosis in IBD. Key genetic factors and mechanisms that appear to be significant include NOD2, TGF-β, TLRs, Il23R, and ATG16L1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modification, and ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference are the primary epigenetic mechanisms. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, which seem to be important in the pathophysiology and progression of IBD, may potentially be used in targeted therapy in the future. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gather and discuss selected mechanisms and genetic factors, as well as epigenetic factors.