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Guo JQ, Zhou JH, Zhang K, Lv XL, Tu CY. Clinical review and literature analysis of hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma in alcoholic cirrhosis: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:2382-2388. [PMID: 38765741 PMCID: PMC11099400 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i14.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma (HEA) has a low incidence and both clinical manifestations and imaging lack specificity. Thus, it is easy to misdiagnose HEA as other tumors of the liver, especially in the presence of liver diseases such as hepatitis cirrhosis. This article reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HEA and alcoholic cirrhosis, and analyzed the literature, in order to improve the understanding of this disease. CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis was admitted due to the discovery of a space-occupying lesion in the liver. Based on the patient's history, laboratory examinations, and imaging examinations, a malignant liver tumor was considered and laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed. Postoperative pathology showed HEA. During outpatient follow-up, the patient showed no sign of recurrence. CONCLUSION HEA is difficult to make a definite diagnosis before surgery. HEA has the potential for malignant degeneration. If conditions permit, surgical treatment is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Qiang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Liang Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao-Yong Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Perić A, Sotirović J, Folić M, Đurdević BV. Angiomyolipoma Originating From the Nasal Vestibule: A Case Report. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:NP7-NP9. [PMID: 34328822 DOI: 10.1177/01455613211036241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomyolipoma is a benign, mesenchymal, hamartomatous lesion often described in the kidney and may be associated with tuberous sclerosis. Nasal angiomyolipoma is an extremely rare tumor with fewer than 20 cases reported in the literature. We report a case of angiomyolipoma arising in the right nasal vestibule in a 68-year-old male with mild, recurrent right-sided epistaxis, and nasal obstruction. With the exception of arterial hypertension, the patient did not have any comorbidities. Gross examination showed a well-circumscribed, lobulated mass. On the microscopic level, it was composed of mature smooth muscle cells, thick-walled blood vessels of varying sizes, and islands of mature adipose tissue. Angiomyolipoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for unilateral nasal masses, especially those situated in the nasal vestibule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Perić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Sotirović
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljan Folić
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biserka Vukomanović Đurdević
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kim YJ, Choi MH, Cheon JS, Choi WY. Periorbital cutaneous angiomyolipoma: a case report. Arch Craniofac Surg 2023; 24:83-86. [PMID: 37150530 PMCID: PMC10165237 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2022.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiomyolipomas are usually found in the kidneys of patients with tuberous sclerosis. They occur less frequently in organs such as the liver, the oral cavity, the nasal cavity, the heart, the large intestines, and the lungs. Angiomyolipomas of the skin are extremely rare, and cutaneous angiomyolipomas generally occur on the elbow, the ends of digits, the ear, and the glabella. Herein we present a rare case of angiomyolipoma occurring on the face-specifically, the right upper eyelid. We propose that upper eyelid angiomyolipoma is a hamartomatous, rather than neoplastic, lesion. Although angiomyolipoma in the periocular area is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of clinically benign masses. and regular follow-up is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min Hyub Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Cheon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woo Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
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Junhao L, Hongxia Z, Jiajun G, Ahmad I, Shanshan G, Jianke L, Lingli C, Yuan J, Mengsu Z, Mingliang W. Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma: magnetic resonance imaging characteristics. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:913-924. [PMID: 36732407 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to analyze MR imaging features of hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma (HEAML). METHODS This study included 113 patients with 122 pathologically confirmed HEAML who underwent enhanced MRI scanning before partial hepatectomy. MR images were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with pathological findings. RESULTS The mean age of 113 patients was 48.12 ± 11.77 years old, and the male to female ratio was 1:3.35 with 87 females (76.99%). 107 (94.69%) patients presented as single tumor, and 96 patients (84.96%) were asymptomatic. 122 HEAML lesions were diagnosed pathologically in 113 patients, with the average of 4.47 ± 3.26 cm. 109 lesions (89.34%) and 108 lesions (88.52%) showed regular and well-defined boundary. On T1WI, 121 lesions (99.18%) mainly presented hypointensity. On T2WI, 118 lesions (96.72%) and 109 lesions (89.34%) mainly showed hyperintensity and heterogeneous signals. Most of the lesions (97.46%) showed hyperintensity on DWI. 118 lesions (96.72%) manifested as severe hyperenhancement and 106 lesions (86.89%) showed heterogeneity during the arterial phase. As for the lesion enhancement pattern, 73 lesions (59.84%) presented as persistent enhancement, 37 lesions (30.33%) as wash out, 8 lesions (6.56%) as degressive enhancement, and 4 lesions (3.28%) as poor blood supply. Additionally, 96 lesions (78.69%) with intra-tumor vessels and 85 lesions (69.67%) with outer rim were confirmed during the delayed phase. CONCLUSION At enhanced MRI, hypointensity on T1WI, hyperintensity and heterogeneous signals on T2WI, hyperintensity on DWI, little or no fat component, heterogenous hyperenhancement, persistent enhancement, intra-tumor vessels, and outer rim would be helpful to diagnose HEAML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Junhao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Hongxia
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guo Jiajun
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ikram Ahmad
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gao Shanshan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jianke
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Lingli
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng Mengsu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Mingliang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Leong WHJ, Tan XHA, Salazar E. More than Pus - Primary Hepatic Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma Masquerading as Liver Abscess. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2021; 15:1-8. [PMID: 33613156 PMCID: PMC7879258 DOI: 10.1159/000511886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic angiomyolipomas (AML) are rare mesenchymal tumours of which the epithelioid type is a rare type with malignant potential. We report a case of primary hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma masquerading as liver abscess. A 46-year-old man presented with a 5-day history of fever with epigastric pain and nausea. On the night of admission, his temperature spiked to 39°C, his blood pressure was 135/79, his heart rate 98, his liver function test revealed albumin 37 g/L, bilirubin 25 μmol/L, ALP 298 U/L, ALT 247 U/L, and AST 344 U/L. The clinical suspicion was hepatobiliary sepsis and intravenous ceftriaxone was commenced. CT of the abdomen showed an ill-defined hypodense focus in segment 4A/8 (4.5 × 3.5 cm) with a minimal fluid component implying a developing abscess or phlegmon. The images were reviewed by a radiologist and showed minimal fluid for percutaneous drainage. MRI of the liver was performed to further characterize the lesion and revealed a solid mass with nodular areas of arterial enhancement and washout, suspicious of neoplasm. Ultrasound-guided liver biopsy of the lesion was performed. Histology showed a histiocyte-rich epithelioid neoplasm consistent with the epithelioid variant of AML. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for human melanoma black 45, melan-A and cluster of differentiation 68. He successfully underwent liver resection of segment 4A/8 after 6 weeks of antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature of primary hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma masquerading as liver abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao Justin Leong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xia Huang Andrew Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ennaliza Salazar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Günster SA, Kim M, Lock JF, Krajinovic K. Hepatic angiomyolipoma: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 77:345-348. [PMID: 33212308 PMCID: PMC7683232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HAML is a rare mesenchymal liver tumour which belongs to the family of perivascular epithelioid cell tumours. HAML is typically composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose cells. HAML is characteristically positive for HMB-45. In patients with symptoms, uncertain diagnosis, or tumour growth, surgical resection should be performed.
Introduction Hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) is a rare mesenchymal liver tumour which belongs to the family of perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas). It is typically composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose cells, and shows strong immunoreactivity for HMB-45. Presentation of the case A 57-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with an unclear liver lesion. A fine needle biopsy revealed a suspicion of hepatic angiomyolipoma with extramedullary haematopoiesis. Preoperative imaging revealed a tumour 17 cm in diameter in the left liver lobe segments II and III. A lobectomy of the left lobe segments II and III was performed. The pathological diagnosis of hepatic angiomyolipoma was obtained. Discussion Variations in the predominance of the tissue components in HAML impedes diagnosis based on imaging alone. The most promising evidence of HAML is the histological identification of lipomatous, myomatous, and angiomatous tissue combined with immunohistochemical positivity for HMB-45. Although the tumour is considered benign, some cases have been described with malignant behaviour. Surgical resection should be considered in case of symptoms, inconclusive biopsy, or growth in follow-up. Other surgical indications may include aggressive patterns such as vascular invasion, p53 immunoreactivity, or rapidly proliferating tumour cells. Conclusion HAML is a rare liver tumour. In patients with symptoms, uncertain diagnosis, or tumour growth, surgical resection should be performed according to oncological criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A Günster
- Surgical Department 1, Clinical Center Fürth, Jakob-Henle-Straße 1, D-90766, Fürth, Germany
| | - Mia Kim
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johan F Lock
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katica Krajinovic
- Surgical Department 1, Clinical Center Fürth, Jakob-Henle-Straße 1, D-90766, Fürth, Germany.
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Mao JX, Yuan H, Sun KY, Liu C, Fu H, Ding GS, Guo WY, Teng F. Pooled analysis of hepatic inflammatory angiomyolipoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:e145-e151. [PMID: 32482543 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xi Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Ke-Yan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Hong Fu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Guo-Shan Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Wen-Yuan Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Tang M, Li Y, Lin Z, Shen B, Huang M, Li ZP, Li X, Feng ST. Hepatic nodules with arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging: how to avoid pitfalls. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:3730-3742. [PMID: 32377756 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This essay aimed to illustrate the various hepatic nodules that may exhibit arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI). Hepatic nodules with arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on CT/MRI include hepatocellular carcinoma, focal nodular hyperplasia-like nodules, serum amyloid A-positive hepatocellular neoplasms, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, intrahepatic bile duct adenoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular adenoma, hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma, and metastasis including neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Understanding the imaging findings is important to ensure correct diagnosis.
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Wang L, Leng B, Liu L. Angiomyolipoma of the Nasal Cavity: A Distinct Entity. A Case Report and Literature Review. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 15:709-714. [PMID: 32939743 PMCID: PMC8134609 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a mesenchymal tumor commonly found in the kidneys. Extra-renal AML is uncommon and especially rare in the nasal cavity. To our knowledge, fewer than five cases of nasal AML are reported in the United States. We present a case of nasal AML in a 65-year-old man with a history of rhinosinusitis and obstruction of the left nasal cavity. The lesion comprised of admixed spindled smooth muscle cells, mature adipose tissue, and thick-walled blood vessels. Smooth muscle differentiation of the spindled cells was confirmed by expression of smooth muscle actin. Surprisingly, melanocytic markers, such as HMB45, were negative. The histologic features and immunoprofile suggest that nasal AML is pathologically distinct from neoplastic AMLs/perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) that typically occur in the kidney. We propose that nasal AML is a hamartomatous lesion rather than neoplastic. Although AML is rare in the nasal cavity, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of clinically benign nasal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott and White Health, 2401 S 31st St, Temple, TX USA
| | - Bing Leng
- Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott and White Health, 2401 S 31st St, Temple, TX USA
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott and White Health, 2401 S 31st St, Temple, TX USA
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Tan Y, Xie XY, Li XJ, Liu DH, Zhou LY, Zhang XE, Lin Y, Wang W, Wu SS, Liu J, Huang GL. Comparison of hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma and non-hepatitis B, non-hepatitis C hepatocellular carcinoma on contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Diagn Interv Imaging 2020; 101:733-738. [PMID: 32331793 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the imaging features of hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma (HEAML) to those of hepatocellular carcinoma negative for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C antibody (NBNC-HCC) on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two patients (4 men, 18 women) with a mean age of 42.6±10.2 (SD) years (range: 22-63 years) with histopathologically confirmed HEMAL were included in the study. Forty-four patients (30 men, 14 women) with a mean age of 57.3±15.9 years (range: 19-85 years) with histopathologically confirmed NBNC-HCC were randomly selected from our institution's database as a control group. The CEUS characteristics of the two groups were compared. RESULTS On conventional ultrasound, significant differences in tumor diameter were found between HEAML (4.0±2.0 [SD] cm; range: 1.3-8.9cm) and NBNC-HCC (8.4±4.4 [SD] cm; range: 1.6-18cm) (P<0.001) as well as in degrees of enhancement during the portal (P=0.001) and late phases (P=0.003), contrast distribution (P<0.001) and absence of pseudocaspule (P<0.001). On CEUS, hyperenhancement during the arterial phase was observed in 21/22 (95.5%) HEAMLs and in 43/44 (97.7%) NBNC-HCCs (P>0.999). Homogeneous enhancement was more frequent in HEAMLs (20/22; 90.9%) than in NBNC-HCCs (13/44; 29.6%) (P<0.001). Pseudocapsule was observed in 0/22 HEAMLs (0.0%) and in 36/44 NBNC-HCCs (81.8%) (P=0.017). A prolonged enhancement was observed in 5/22 HEAMLs (22.7%) and in 0/44 NBNC-HCCs (0.0%) (P<0.001) during the late phase. CONCLUSION CEUS with sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles is helpful in discriminating between HEAML and NBNC-HCC. Homogeneous enhancement and lack of pseudocapsule are suggestive features for the diagnosis of HEAML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tan
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Road 2, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - X-Y Xie
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Road 2, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - X-J Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Road 2, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - D-H Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - L-Y Zhou
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Road 2, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - X-E Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Road 2, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Road 2, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Road 2, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - S-S Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Road 2, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - G-L Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Division of Interventional Ultrasound, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhong Shan Road 2, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
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