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Chen B, Hong H, Sun Y, Chen C, Wu C, Xu G, Bao G, Cui Z. Role of macrophage polarization in osteoarthritis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:757. [PMID: 36561979 PMCID: PMC9748658 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease involving the whole joint that seriously reduces the living standards of individuals. Traditional treatments include physical therapy, administration of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs and injection of glucocorticoids or hyaluronic acid into the joints. However, these methods have limited efficacy and it is difficult to reverse the progression of OA, therefore it is urgent to find new effective treatment methods. Immune microenvironment is significant in the occurrence and development of OA. Recent studies have shown that macrophages are important targets for the treatment of OA. Macrophages are polarized into M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype and M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype under stimulation of different factors, which release and regulate inflammatory response and cartilage growth. Accumulating studies have tried to alleviate OA by regulating macrophage homeostasis. The present study summarized the related studies, discuss the mechanism of various therapeutic reagents on OA, expound the molecular mechanism of drug effect on OA and attempted to provide clues for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226003, P.R. China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Zhiming Cui, Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City No 1 People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 6 North Road, Haierxiang, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Lee HS, Lee IH, Kang K, Jung M, Yang SG, Kwon TW, Lee DY. Network Pharmacological Dissection of the Mechanisms of Eucommiae Cortex-Achyranthis Radix Combination for Intervertebral Disc Herniation Treatment. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211055024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucommiae cortex (EC) and Achyranthis radix (AR) are herbal medicines widely used in combination for the treatment of intervertebral disc herniation (IDH). The mechanisms of action of the herbal combination have not been understood from integrative and comprehensive points of view. By adopting network pharmacological methodology, we aimed to investigate the pharmacological properties of the EC-AR combination as a therapeutic agent for IDH at a systematic molecular level. Using the pharmacokinetic information for the chemical ingredients of the EC-AR combination obtained from the comprehensive herbal drug-associated databases, we determined its 31 bioactive ingredients and 68 IDH-related therapeutic targets. By analyzing their enrichment for biological functions, we observed that the targets of the EC-AR combination were associated with the regulation of angiogenesis; cytokine and chemokine activity; oxidative and inflammatory stress responses; extracellular matrix organization; immune response; and cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, differentiation, migration, and activation. Pathway enrichment investigation revealed that the EC-AR combination may target IDH-pathology-associated signaling pathways, such as those of cellular senescence and chemokine, neurotrophin, TNF, MAPK, toll-like receptor, and VEGF signaling, to exhibit its therapeutic effects. Collectively, these data provide mechanistic insights into the pharmacological activity of herbal medicines for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases such as IDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The Fore, 87 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05542, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hee Lee
- The Fore, 87 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05542, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungrae Kang
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Jung
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Yang
- Kyunghee Naro Hospital, 67, Dolma-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13586, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kwon
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Lee
- The Fore, 87 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05542, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, 129 Ogeum-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05549, Republic of Korea
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Use of Herbal Medications for Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7110067. [PMID: 33126603 PMCID: PMC7693010 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arthritis is a chronic condition that affects nearly a quarter of the United States population. Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two major forms of arthritis associated with severe joint pain and reduced quality of life. Various pharmacological interventions may be utilized for arthritis treatment when non-pharmacological therapy is insufficient. However, pharmacological therapy can be associated with serious side effects and high costs. Therefore, alternative therapies have been under investigation. Herbal medications have shown the potential for safe and effective management of arthritis. For this review, we attempt to summarize the mechanisms, safety, and efficacy of herbal treatments for OA and RA. After searching electronic databases, we identified nine herbs among 23 clinical trials used for the treatment of OA or RA patients. Improvement of OA and RA symptoms, pain, and inflammation was demonstrated. The herbs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, contributing to a reduction in inflammation and tissue damage. Several herbs elucidated new mechanisms for OA and RA treatment as well. Though these herbs have shown promise for OA and RA treatment, more studies and clinical trials are required for determining safety and efficacy, bioactivity, and optimal bioavailability.
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