Clinical outcomes and 5-year follow-up results of keratosis pilaris treated by a high concentration of glycolic acid

Follicular Keratosis in Adolescents: Diagnostic Features and Cosmetological Aspects of Therapy

Follicular keratosis (FK) is one of the most common dermatological diseases in children. FK manifests usually in early childhood and worsen frequently, thus, symptoms are more prominent during puberty. The skin of proximal extensors of upper and lower limbs is mainly affected, while skin of cheeks, back and buttocks is affected more rarely. FK is just a cosmetic defect which significantly affects adolescents’ self-esteem and emotional state up to the development of severe depressive syndrome and obsessive conditions accompanied by pathomimia. FK can be associated with other nosologies such as: atopic dermatitis, vulgar ichthyosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and even aggravate Down and Noonan syndromes. Spontaneous improvement is still possible with age. We can use topical therapy with emollient, keratolytic, anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as various types of laser and phototherapy to alleviate the disease symptoms. This article provides basic information on etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of FK with clinical case description.

Comparative study of the efficacy of Fractional Er: YAG 2940 nm laser and Q-switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm laser in keratosis pilaris

BACKGROUND

Keratosis pilaris is a common keratinization disorder of the extensor surfaces of the proximal extremities. Various treatment modalities reduce symptoms, but their efficacy is limited.

AIMS

The aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser and fractional Er: YAG laser.

MATERIAL/METHOD

The lesions in both arms were randomly divided into areas A and B. Fractional Er: YAG 2940 nm laser performed to area A 1.5 joules/cm2, spot size 7 mm, frequency 3 Hz and three passes and Q-Switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm laser performed to Area B, 4-6 joules/cm2 spot size 4 mm, 8 Hz frequency, and as a single pass. Both lasers were performed in 4 sessions at 3-week intervals. The global improvement scale evaluated treatment responses in dyspigmentation and skin texture.

RESULTS

Twenty patients completed the study, and the mean age of a total of 20 patients was 22.9. There was no significant difference in dyspigmentation and skin texture with global improvement scale between Area A and Area B, respectively ( p=0.078, p=0.638). In addition, there was no significant difference between patient satisfaction levels after treatment in Area A and Area B (p=0.868).

CONCLUSION

The efficiency of the fractional Er: YAG 2940 nm laser was found equal to the Q-switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm laser. Fractional Er: YAG 2940 nm laser may be a new treatment option in the treatment of keratosis pilaris.

A Narrative Review on the Role of Acids, Steroids, and Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Keratosis Pilaris

Keratosis pilaris is a common and benign genetic skin disorder that results in patches of rough bumps on the skin, with varying degrees of reddening and inflammation. These bumps in the skin are caused by the dead skin cells that plug the hair follicles. Keratosis pilaris often manifests in small, hard bumps on the legs and arms. A common treatment method for many acne conditions, including keratosis pilaris, is acid, which has shown promise in recent years. This review examines the use and success of multiple types of acids, steroids, and kinase inhibitors in clinical and non-clinical settings to treat and understand keratosis pilaris. In the treatment of keratosis pilaris, acid primarily works by breaking down the dead skin cells that clog the hair follicles. Some types of steroids have anti-inflammatory properties that have proven useful in minimizing the appearance of acne. Kinase inhibitors control important skin cell functions, such as cell signaling, metabolism, division, and survival, which undoubtedly affect the appearance of skin as a whole. The known impact of acid, steroids, and kinase inhibitors on keratosis pilaris is underestimated and should be given more attention by healthcare industry leaders.