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Üstün R, Oğuz EK, Şeker A, Taspinar F. Functional and structural neurodegenerative activities of Ankaferd BloodStopper in a mouse sciatic nerve model. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:345. [PMID: 39071898 PMCID: PMC11273257 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic and postoperative hemorrhages are life-threatening complications. Ankaferd BloodStopper (ABS) is a potent topical hemostatic agent to stop bleeding. However, ABS is associated with nerve toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the functional and structural neurodegenerative effects of ABS in a mouse model. A total of 30 male BALB/c mice, aged 6-8 weeks, were randomly divided into control group (no treatment), a sham group (treated with saline) and an experimental group (treated with ABS). In the saline and the ABS groups, the right sciatic nerve was surgically exposed and treated with saline or ABS, respectively. No surgical procedure was performed in the control group. On day 7 post-treatment, functional changes of the sciatic nerve were evaluated by a horizontal ladder rung walking task. Structural changes were assessed with immunohistochemistry. In the horizontal ladder rung walking test, the gait impairment was proportional to the severity of sciatic nerve damage, with the ABS group showing a significantly higher rate of errors than the control and saline groups. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated extensive degeneration and deformation in the axons and myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve in the ABS group. The results provide compelling evidence for the neurotoxicity of ABS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Üstün
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van 65080, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van 65080, Turkey
| | - Elif Kaval Oğuz
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van 65080, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Şeker
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van 65080, Turkey
| | - Filiz Taspinar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey
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Alsalamah S, Alsumairi S, Alaraifi A, Alfayez A, Halawani M. Incidence and predictive factors of bleeding following tonsillectomy among pediatrics: A retrospective cohort study. Saudi Med J 2024; 45:694-699. [PMID: 38955443 PMCID: PMC11237284 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.7.20240253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence of post tonsillectomy bleeding and to identify its predisposing factors among the pediatric population. METHODS A retrospective cohort study included 1280 pediatric patients (18 years or younger) who underwent tonsillectomy at King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2019 and 2020. The study sample was divided into 2 groups based on the development of postoperative bleeding and were compared using Chi-square test and independent t-test. Significant variables (p-value ≤0.05) were included in the logistic regression model to determine the predictors of bleeding following tonsillectomy. RESULTS The bleeding rate following tonsillectomy was 3.4% in 43 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-4.5) patients. In the multivariable logistic regression model, the significant predictors of post tonsillectomy bleeding were age ≥12 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.685, p=0.027), decreased postoperative oral intake (OR: 4.244, p=0.042), and single use of postoperative analgesia (OR: 53.124, p<0.001). Out of the 43 patients, 39 (90.7%) patients experienced secondary bleeding, and more than half of the patients who developed bleeding required surgical intervention 27 (62.8%). CONCLUSION Tonsillectomy is a safe and common surgical procedure but carries risks for postoperative bleeding. Age ≥12 years, poor postoperative oral intake, and the use of a single postoperative analgesic increase the risk of bleeding. We encourage healthcare providers to ascertain early resumption of oral intake and ensure effective pain management. We recommend a dual alternating analgesic regimen with weight-based dosing for optimal pain control. Furthermore, educating caregivers about the importance of adequate oral intake following tonsillectomy may improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmokh Alsalamah
- From the College of Medicine, (Alsalamah, Alsumairi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Alaraifi, Alfayez, Halawani), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the Department of Surgery (Alaraifi, Alfayez, Halawani), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alsumairi
- From the College of Medicine, (Alsalamah, Alsumairi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Alaraifi, Alfayez, Halawani), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the Department of Surgery (Alaraifi, Alfayez, Halawani), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alaraifi
- From the College of Medicine, (Alsalamah, Alsumairi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Alaraifi, Alfayez, Halawani), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the Department of Surgery (Alaraifi, Alfayez, Halawani), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Alfayez
- From the College of Medicine, (Alsalamah, Alsumairi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Alaraifi, Alfayez, Halawani), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the Department of Surgery (Alaraifi, Alfayez, Halawani), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Halawani
- From the College of Medicine, (Alsalamah, Alsumairi), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Alaraifi, Alfayez, Halawani), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the Department of Surgery (Alaraifi, Alfayez, Halawani), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Idris R, Ramli RR, Yaacob WNW, Hassan S. Posttonsillectomy Pain Relief and Wound Healing by Applying Bismuth Iodoform Paraffin Paste (BIPP) to Dissected Tonsillar Beds. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 28:e440-e450. [PMID: 38974633 PMCID: PMC11226248 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tonsillectomy is one of the most common operations performed by otorhinolaryngology surgeons worldwide; however, the insufficient quality of the postoperative pain management and effective posttonsillectomy pain relief remain a clinical dilemma. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of applying bismuth iodine paraffin paste (BIPP) to the dissected fossa as an adjuvant therapy for a better outcome in terms of posttonsillectomy pain management and due to its wound healing properties. Methods The present is a prospective randomized control pilot study with 44 patients aged > 7 years who underwent tonsillectomy. The patients were divided into two groups: the control group and the group that had BIPP applied to the dissected tonsillar fossa. The visual analogue scale score and the post-onsillectomy percentage of tonsillar fossa epithelization were recorded and evaluated. Results Both subjectively and objectively, there a was statistically significant pain-relieving effect in the BIPP group within the first 5 postoperative days ( p < 0.05). From postoperative day 3 onward, the dissected area of the tonsillar fossa healed significantly faster in the BIPP group compared with the control group, and it became stable on day 14. Conclusion The topical application of BIPP showed a better pain-relieving effect, it was safe, and hastened wound healing after tonsillectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahimah Idris
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Pantai Hospital Laguna Merbok, Bandar Laguna Merbok, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Ramiza Ramza Ramli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Wan NorSyafiqah W Yaacob
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Shahid Hassan
- International Medical University (IMU) Centre for Education, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jacobson A, Mack D, Herrera G, Bowe SN, Highland KB, Patzkowski MS. Incidence of Surgically Managed Post-Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage Associated With NSAID Prescribing for Postoperative Pain Management. Mil Med 2024:usae194. [PMID: 38758073 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tonsillectomy ranks high among the most common pediatric surgical procedures in the United States. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, are routinely prescribed to manage post-tonsillectomy pain, but may carry the risk of hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective, longitudinal, secondary-data analysis study compared the incidence of surgically managed post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (sPTH) in pediatric patients prescribed ibuprofen at Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC) after tonsillectomy compared to a similar cohort of pediatric patients at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) not prescribed ibuprofen. Additional regression analysis examined predictors of sPTH at BAMC. RESULTS The odds of sPTH was lower in patients who were prescribed ibuprofen at BAMC, relative to patients who were not at CHOP (OR 0.57, 95% CI, 0.37, 0.87; P < 0.01). In a generalized linear model evaluating BAMC patient data, there was a lack of a relationship between reason for tonsillectomy (tonsillitis versus tonsillar obstruction), primary procedure (tonsillectomy-only versus tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy), and presence of a co-occurring procedure. CONCLUSIONS Post-tonsillectomy ibuprofen prescribing practices were not associated with an elevated risk of sPTH, relative to patients at CHOP not exposed to ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jacobson
- Department of Anesthesia, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6200, USA
| | - Douglas Mack
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6200, USA
| | - Germaine Herrera
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Inc., Rockville, MD 20852, USA
- Defense and Veterans Center for Integrative Pain Management, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sarah N Bowe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6200, USA
| | - Krista B Highland
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Michael S Patzkowski
- Department of Anesthesia, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6200, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Schafer A, Worobetz N, Lukens J, Bourgeois T, Onwuka A, Elmaraghy C, Chiang T. Assessing the Relationship Between Infection Frequency and Risk of Post-Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2023; 132:1424-1429. [PMID: 37005553 DOI: 10.1177/00034894231159328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between frequency of tonsillitis and the risk of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis. METHODS After obtaining IRB approval from Nationwide Children's Hospital, charts for all patients who underwent a total tonsillectomy in 2017 for recurrent or chronic tonsillitis were retrospectively reviewed (n = 424). Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on the frequency of tonsillitis prior to surgery: those meeting the 1-year criteria with 7 or more infections in the past year (n = 100), and those who did not meet criteria defined as those with fewer than 7 infections in the past year (n = 324). The primary outcome of interest was PTH. Comparison of cohorts and frequency of PTH were assessed using bivariate analyses. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare time to onset of hemorrhage between primary vs. secondary PTH. Generalized mixed and logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk of hemorrhage following tonsillectomy. RESULTS Among a total cohort of 424 patients undergoing tonsillectomy, 23.58% (n = 100) met criteria while 76.42% (n = 324) did not. A total of 8.73% (n = 37) patients experienced PTH. Compared to those who did not meet criteria, those who met criteria had a higher odds of developing PTH; however, this was not significant (OR: 1.42 [95% CI: 0.67, 2.98], P = .3582). Estimated probability of developing PTH for those who met criteria was 11% [95% CI: 6.19, 18.81] compared to 8.03% [95% CI: 5.52, 11.54] for those who did not meet criteria. Among all PTH cases, 5.41% (n = 2) were primary hemorrhage while 94.59% (n = 35) were secondary hemorrhage with 50% of those with secondary PTH having experienced hemorrhage within 6 days [95% CI: 5, 7] of tonsillectomy. Patients with neuromuscular conditions had significantly higher odds of PTH (OR: 4.75 [95% CI: 1.19, 18.97], P = .0276). CONCLUSION Patients who met the 1-year criteria for tonsillectomy did not have a significantly higher odds of PTH. Further research is needed to better evaluate the relationship between infection frequency and risk of PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Schafer
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Noah Worobetz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jordan Lukens
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tran Bourgeois
- The Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Onwuka
- The Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charles Elmaraghy
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Gutierrez JA, Shannon CM, Nguyen SA, Labadie RF, White DR. The Impact of Surgical Indication on Posttonsillectomy Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:780-791. [PMID: 37003296 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of the surgical indication on posttonsillectomy bleed rates. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review was performed searching for articles published from the date of inception to July 6, 2022. English language articles describing posttonsillectomy hemorrhage rates in pediatric patients (age ≤ 18) stratified by indication were selected for inclusion. A meta-analysis of proportions with comparison (Δ) of weighted proportions was conducted. All studies were assessed for risk of bias. RESULTS A total of 72 articles with 173,970 patients were selected for inclusion. The most common indications were chronic/recurrent tonsillitis (CT/RT), obstructive sleep apnea/sleep-disordered breathing (OSA/SDB), and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH). Posttonsillectomy hemorrhage rates for CT/RT, OSA/SDB, and ATH were 3.57%, 3.69%, and 2.72%, respectively. Patients operated on for a combination of CT/RT and OSA/SDB had a bleed rate of 5.99% which was significantly higher than those operated on for CT/RT alone (Δ2.42%, p = .0006), OSA/SDB alone (Δ2.30%, p = .0016), and ATH alone (Δ3.27%, p < .0001). Additionally, those operated on for a combination of ATH and CT/RT had a hemorrhage rate of 6.93%, significantly higher than those operated on for CT/RT alone (Δ3.36%, p = .0003), OSA/SDB alone (Δ3.01%, p = .0014), and ATH alone (Δ3.98%, p < .0001). CONCLUSION Patients operated on for multiple indications had significantly higher rates of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage than those operated on for a single surgical indication. Better documentation of patients with multiple indications would help further characterize the magnitude of the compounding effect described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Gutierrez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christian M Shannon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shaun A Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Robert F Labadie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David R White
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Hu X, Yang Z, Ma Y, Wang M, Liu W, Qu G, Zhong C. Development and validation of a machine learning-based predictive model for secondary post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Front Surg 2023; 10:1114922. [PMID: 36824494 PMCID: PMC9941337 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1114922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The main obstacle to a patient's recovery following a tonsillectomy is complications, and bleeding is the most frequent culprit. Predicting post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) allows for accurate identification of high-risk populations and the implementation of protective measures. Our study aimed to investigate how well machine learning models predict the risk of PTH. Methods Data were obtained from 520 patients who underwent a tonsillectomy at The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army. The age range of the patients was 2-57 years, and 364 (70%) were male. The prediction models were developed using five machine learning models: decision tree, support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest, and logistic regression. The performance of the models was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) was used to interpret the results of the best-performing model. Results The frequency of PTH was 11.54% among the 520 patients, with 10.71% in the training group and 13.46% in the validation set. Age, BMI, season, smoking, blood type, INR, combined secretory otitis media, combined adenoidectomy, surgical wound, and use of glucocorticoids were selected by mutual information (MI) method. The XGBoost model had best AUC (0.812) and Brier score (0.152). Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the model had a high clinical utility. The SHAP method revealed the top 10 variables of MI according to the importance ranking, and the average of the age was recognized as the most important predictor variable. Conclusion This study built a PTH risk prediction model using machine learning. The XGBoost model is a tool with potential to facilitate population management strategies for PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandou Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhu Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijie Liu
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China,School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gaoya Qu
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Zhong
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China,Correspondence: Cuiping Zhong
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Murakami D, Hijiya M, Iyo T, Sugita G, Hayata S, Kono M, Hotomi M. Improvement of Surgical View and Working Space at the Lower Pole by Three-Dimensional Exoscope-Assisted Coblation Tonsillectomy: A Case Series. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020259. [PMID: 36837461 PMCID: PMC9962279 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Advantages of hot devices for tonsillectomy, represented by coblation, have been highlighted in recent years. During hot technique tonsillectomy it is important to identify and coagulate the vessels of the tonsillar capsule, especially at the lower pole of the tonsil. Hot technique tonsillectomy under microscope or endoscope has therefore been recommended to achieve accurate identification of the microstructure of the surgical field. We have applied ORBEYE, a three-dimensional surgical exoscope system, to coblation tonsillectomy. Advantages of using ORBEYE include high definition and high magnification images, and flexibility of camera position and angle. This means there is an improved surgical view and working space, particularly at the lower pole during performance of coblation tonsillectomy. Here, we demonstrate that ORBEYE can be an effective surgical instrument in coblation tonsillectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Murakami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kinan Hospital, 46-70 Shinjo-cho, Tanabe-shi 646-8588, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-shi 641-5810, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hijiya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kinan Hospital, 46-70 Shinjo-cho, Tanabe-shi 646-8588, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-shi 641-5810, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takuro Iyo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kinan Hospital, 46-70 Shinjo-cho, Tanabe-shi 646-8588, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-shi 641-5810, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Gen Sugita
- Gen ENT Clinic, 3-14-1, Takasu, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi 261-0004, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hayata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kinan Hospital, 46-70 Shinjo-cho, Tanabe-shi 646-8588, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Kono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-shi 641-5810, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Muneki Hotomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-shi 641-5810, Wakayama, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-73-447-2300
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De Ravin E, Banik GL, Buzi A. Effect of ibuprofen on severity of surgically-managed pediatric post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 164:111422. [PMID: 36549016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between ibuprofen use and severity of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) remains unclear. We aimed to compare PTH severity in patients who did or did not receive ibuprofen. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients requiring operative control of PTH at a tertiary children's hospital between 2015 and 2019 was performed. PTH severity was assessed using pre-tonsillectomy and post-hemorrhage hemoglobin and hematocrit values, estimated intraoperative blood loss, estimated hemorrhage flow rate, and need for transfusion. Differences in hemorrhage severity markers between the two cohorts were compared. RESULTS A total of 168 consecutive patients were included in this study. The mean age was 8.8 years, and 55.4% of patients were male. Sixty-five patients (38.7%) received ibuprofen postoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean change in hemoglobin (1.1 vs. 1.1, P = 0.85) or hematocrit (3.1 vs. 3.2, P = 0.97) between patients who received ibuprofen compared to those who did not. Similarly, there were no significant differences in need for transfusion (3.1% vs. 3.9%, P = 1.00) or occurrence of high-flow (arterial) blood loss (33.8% vs. 40.8%, P = 0.42) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Postoperative ibuprofen use does not appear to significantly increase PTH severity, as measured by change in hemoglobin and hematocrit values, need for transfusion, or presence of high-flow blood loss. This study introduces previously unexplored markers to assess PTH severity and supports further prospective studies to determine the effect of ibuprofen on PTH severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma De Ravin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Grace L Banik
- Division of Otolaryngology, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Adva Buzi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Tovmasyan AS, Golubeva LI, Zotova PK, Muratov DL, Shvedov NV, Golovatyuk AA, Filina EV, Kryukova MS, Ramazanov SR. [The role of tonsillectomy in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2023; 88:67-73. [PMID: 37184557 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228802167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The problem of chronic tonsillitis remains one of the urgent problems of modern otorhinolaryngology. The article discusses the statistics and complications of chronic tonsillitis, provides indications for tonsillectomy and its main complications. OBJECTIVE Generalization and systematization of data on the impact of surgical treatment on the quality of life of patients with chronic tonsillitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Search for literary sources, carried out using the search engines of the RSCI, PubMed, Web of Science, and eLibrary. RESULTS A review of literature sources demonstrates a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients after tonsillectomy; however, data from some studies show a trend towards a decrease in the number of planned tonsillectomies and an associated increase in the detection of local purulent-septic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Tovmasyan
- Sverzhevsky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L I Golubeva
- Sverzhevsky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - P K Zotova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D L Muratov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Shvedov
- Sverzhevsky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Golovatyuk
- Sverzhevsky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Filina
- Sverzhevsky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Kryukova
- Sverzhevsky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S R Ramazanov
- Sverzhevsky Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
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Wang J, Chen J, Hu B, Zhao L, Li X. A novel classification and grading scale of palatine tonsil anatomy in children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:5921-5928. [PMID: 35852650 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of tonsil anatomical differences on post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage and pain has not been studied yet. This study aimed to establish a classification and grading scale of palatine tonsil anatomy, not size, for personalized post-tonsillectomy care. METHODS Between August 2020 and August 2021, 337 children who underwent extracapsular tonsillectomy were recruited. The images of tonsil anatomy during the surgery were recorded and then classified and graded. Postoperative hemorrhage was recorded, and the degree of pain was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). The primary outcomes were the associations between postoperative hemorrhage, pain, and the classification and grade of tonsil anatomy, analyzed by univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS 186 of the 337 patients (55.2%) were male and 151 (44.8%) were female; the mean age was 5.59 years. The overall postoperative hemorrhage rate was 4.1%. The mean postoperative VAS score was 4.96. By univariable analysis with logistic regression model, significant associations were found between postoperative hemorrhage and the grade 2 and grade 3 tonsillar lower pole, and grade 3 tonsillar bed. Multivariable analysis with binary logistic regression model also revealed significant associations between postoperative hemorrhage and the grade 2 and grade 3 lower pole (OR: 8.23, 95% CI 1.01-67.37, P = 0.049; OR: 23.86, 95% CI 2.22-56.47, P = 0.009, respectively) and grade 3 tonsillar bed (OR: 14.25, 95% CI 1.46-18.75, P = 0.022). Linear regression analysis showed the associations between postoperative pain and grade 2 and grade 3 lower pole (β: 0.88, 95% CI 0.31-1.32, P = 0.002; β: 1.56, 95% CI 1.29-3.29, P = 0.001, respectively) and grade 3 anterior surface (β: 0.85, 95% CI 0.30-3.07, P = 0.004). Age and upper pole were not associated with the postoperative hemorrhage and pain neither. CONCLUSION In the present study, we established a novel classification and 3-grade scale of palatine tonsil anatomy, based on upper pole, anterior surface, lower pole, and tonsillar bed. Furthermore, we revealed for the first time that some anatomical characteristics of tonsils were associated with post-tonsillectomy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355, Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355, Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355, Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355, Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355, Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
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Commesso EA, Osazuwa-Peters N, Frank-Ito DO, Einhorn L, Ji KSY, Greene NH, Eapen RJ, Raynor EM. Opioid and non-opioid analgesic prescribing practices for pediatric adenotonsillectomy in a tertiary care center. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 163:111337. [PMID: 36302324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The U.S. is in an opioid epidemic with greater than 40,000 deaths annually. Pediatric adenotonsillectomy is one of the most common and painful otolaryngology surgeries performed, often associated with opioid prescriptions. OBJECTIVE To understand postoperative prescribing practices of adenotonsillectomy in a tertiary care institution and associated postoperative emergency department (ED) visits. DESIGN Descriptive analysis of retrospective cohort data. SETTING Tertiary academic healthcare institution. PARTICIPANTS Pediatric patients <18yo undergoing adenotonsillectomy between 2013 and 2016. INTERVENTIONS/EXPOSURES Postoperative analgesic regimens assessed including opioid and non-opioid analgesic prescriptions upon discharge from tonsillectomy surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Main outcomes included ED presentation within 30-days of surgery and reoperation. Secondary outcomes included reason for ED presentation and relation to prescribed analgesics. Data was analyzed between November 2021-February 2022. RESULTS 200 patients were included in the study with 69% prescribed opioids, and 51% prescribed non-opioid analgesics. Number of opioid doses ranged widely with a median of 37 (Q1, Q3: 0, 62). There were no demographic differences in patients prescribed opioids from those who were not. Of those patients who presented to the ED, 81% were not specifically prescribed acetaminophen (p < 0.001). Regression analysis models were not predictive of postoperative analgesic regimen or 30-day ED presentation (p > 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: Wide ranges of post tonsillectomy prescribing practices currently exist in our institution. Prescribing acetaminophen may help to reduce 30-day ED presentation rate. Larger prospective studies are needed to optimize pain control regimens and reduce variability of opioid prescribing practices. Standardization of postoperative pain medication doses may also reduce postoperative ED presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Commesso
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Nosayaha Osazuwa-Peters
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Dennis O Frank-Ito
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lisa Einhorn
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Keven S Y Ji
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Greene
- Legacy Emanuel Medical Center and Randall Children's Hospital, Portland, OR, 972272, USA
| | - Rose J Eapen
- South Bay Pediatric Otolaryngology, Manhattan Beach, CA, 90266, USA
| | - Eileen M Raynor
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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A quality assessment of online patient information regarding tonsillitis using the EQIP tool. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 159:111224. [PMID: 35785584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tonsillitis is a common paediatric condition. The decision to seek medical attention and consent to treatment is usually made by parents or guardians. With increased accessibility of the internet, online medical information plays an increasingly significant role in the decision-making process. Little is known regarding the quality of online patient information on tonsillitis, as this has not been previously studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to identify the quality of information regarding tonsillitis on websites intended for the public. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of online information on tonsillitis using the following search terms: "Tonsillectomy", "Tonsillitis", "Adenotonsillectomy" and "Tonsil". The first three pages of returned websites were captured and each website was examined using the validated Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) tool (score 0-36). RESULTS A total of 92 websites met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The overall median EQIP score was 19 with an interquartile range of 17-22 and a maximum of 32. More than half of all websites originated from the USA (61%) and hospitals were the most common source of information (29%). Most websites failed to describe the quantitative benefits or address the medical intervention costs and insurance issues. Half of the websites included both tonsillectomy and antibiotics as treatments for tonsillitis. Only 68% included complications of tonsillitis or tonsillectomy. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of the quality of online patient information websites regarding tonsillitis by the EQIP tool indicates that most websites were of poor credibility, with minimal information regarding treatment choices and complications. To improve awareness of tonsillitis, there is a need for more informative and patient-centred websites that are compatible with the international quality standard for patient information.
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Lou Z, Lou Z, Lv T, Chen Z. A prospective, randomized, single‐blind study comparing coblation and monopolar extracapsular tonsillectomy. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:707-714. [PMID: 35734048 PMCID: PMC9195012 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH), and medical costs associated with extracapsular tonsillectomy between coblation and monopolar electrocautery in children. Materials and methods This study included 293 patients aged 6–15 years planned to undergo extracapsular tonsillectomy. Data on estimated blood loss, postoperative pain score, operation time, PTH, and the cost of disposable equipment were collected. Results Coblation extracapsular tonsillectomy was associated with significantly lower mean pain scores than monopolar technique on postoperative days 1 (p <.001) and 2 (p = 0.02). However, the pain score was similar between the groups at all other time points. The monopolar group had a significantly shorter operation time compared to the coblation group (11.09 ± 7.53 vs. 17.12 ± 4.29 min, p <.001). Intraoperative estimated blood loss was not significantly different between the groups (p = .43).The cost of extracapsular tonsillectomy was significantly lower in the monopolar compared to the coblation group (US$ 28.18 vs. US$ 430.48, p <.001). PTH occurred in 17 patients (5.80%) and required a second surgery. Secondary PTH occurred in 6.16% (9/146) and 0.68% (1/147) of patients in the coblation and monopolar groups, respectively (p <.001). The PTH was significantly higher in the tonsillitis compared to in the tonsillar hypertrophy (12.37% vs. 2.55%, p = .002), However, the difference of PTH was not significant among mean pain scores subgroups. Of the 17 patients with PTH, the lower pole, middle portion, and upper pole were involved in 15 (88.24%), 2 (11.76%), and 0 cases, respectively. Conclusions Coblation and novel monopolar electrocautery extracapsular tonsillectomy are associated with similar postoperative pain scores except on postoperative days 1 and 2. However, monopolar technique offers significant advantages over coblation method with less operative time, decreased secondary PTH, and cost. Level of Evidence: NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcai Lou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yiwu Central Hospital Yiwu city Zhejiang Province China
| | - Zihan Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
- Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing Shanghai China
| | - Tian Lv
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Yiwu Central Hospital Yiwu city Zhejiang Province China
| | - Zhengnong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Center of Sleep Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
- Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing Shanghai China
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Key S, Alnimri F, Ney B, De Freitas R, Paddle P. Paediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy in a rural setting: a retrospective study over a period of 6-years. ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:1401-1406. [PMID: 35347814 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swan Hill District Health (SHDH) provides Otolaryngological services to outer regional Victoria. A preoperative checklist determines eligibility for tonsillectomy, and the role of preoperative investigations such as oximetry. Visiting specialists who provide T&A also remain on-site for 24 h post-surgery. Management of post-discharge complications is supported by SHDH's Emergency Department. Unstable patients are transferred to tertiary care hospitals. This study examines the safety outcomes associated with rural Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy (T&A) and the impact of peri-operative protocols on these outcomes. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of all paediatric (2-18 years old) patients undergoing T&A from August 2014 to June 2020 at SHDH. Four external hospital databases which accept patient transfers from SHDH were searched for T&A-related complications. The primary outcome was complication incidence. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, and rates of hospital readmissions, return to theatre and inter-hospital transfer. RESULTS Two hundred and four patients were included, with median age 6 years old; 68.1% (n = 139/204) had obstructive sleep apnoea, or sleep disordered breathing, wherein 36.0% (n = 50/139) had documented evidence of normal/inconclusive oximetry. The complication rate is 6.9% (n = 14/204), with two intraoperative, five perioperative and seven post-discharge complications. All intra- and peri-operative complications were managed locally. All post-discharge complications presented to outer regional EDs. Two patients required inter-hospital transfer for monitoring of post-tonsillectomy bleeds in a specialist unit. CONCLUSIONS Patients who pass a preoperative risk checklist can safely undergo T&A in selected rural settings which adhere to strict patient selection criteria and implement safety measures to address complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraphina Key
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Feras Alnimri
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Blair Ney
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Swan Hill District Health, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan De Freitas
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Swan Hill District Health, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Paddle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Swan Hill District Health, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lee AC, Haché M. Pediatric Anesthesia Management for Post-Tonsillectomy Bleed: Current Status and Future Directions. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:63-69. [PMID: 35027837 PMCID: PMC8749229 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s312866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
After medical stabilization, several techniques are considered for anesthesia in the surgical intervention of post-tonsillectomy bleeding in children. Hypoxia during induction of general anesthesia occurs more frequently than aspiration for this population. While classical (apneic) rapid sequence induction and intubation with cricoid pressure still has a role, controlled rapid sequence induction and intubation that incorporates mask ventilation at low pressure (<12 cm H2O) before direct laryngoscopy under a deep plane of anesthesia is a viable alternative for cases of slow venous bleeding. Supplemental oxygen delivery during laryngoscopy to permit apneic oxygenation is a future trend in management. While the routine administration of tranexamic acid during tonsillectomy has not been shown to be of benefit, it may have a role in post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage with further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Lee
- Division of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Manon Haché
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Considerations in Surgical Management of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Tonsillectomy and Beyond. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8110944. [PMID: 34828657 PMCID: PMC8623402 DOI: 10.3390/children8110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an increasingly recognized disorder with a reported incidence of 5.7% in children. Tonsillectomy (with or without adenoidectomy) in pediatric OSA in otherwise healthy non-obese children has a success rate of approximately 75%. However, the cure rate reported for all children undergoing tonsillectomy varies from 51% to 83%. This article reviews the history of tonsillectomy, its indications, techniques, various methods, risks, and successes. The article also explores other surgical options in children with residual OSA post-tonsillectomy.
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