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Baz L, Algarni S, Al-thepyani M, Aldairi A, Gashlan H. Lycopene Improves Metabolic Disorders and Liver Injury Induced by a Hight-Fat Diet in Obese Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:7736. [PMID: 36431836 PMCID: PMC9699056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is positively related to the development of obesity. Lycopene (LYC) can potentially combat HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in rats. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LYC on metabolic syndrome and assess its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the liver and adipose tissue in rats fed an HFD. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group Ι (the control group) was fed a normal diet, group ΙΙ (HFD) received an HFD for 16 weeks, and group ΙΙΙ (HFD + LYC) received an HFD for 12 weeks and then LYC (25 mg/kg b.wt) was administered for four weeks. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, lipid profile, liver function biomarkers, and inflammatory markers were determined. The results showed that long-term consumption of an HFD significantly increased weight gain, liver weight, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Rats on an HFD displayed higher levels of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers. Moreover, liver and white adipose tissue histopathological investigations showed that LYC treatment mended the damaged tissue. Overall, LYC supplementation successfully reversed HFD-induced changes and shifts through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, LYC displayed a therapeutic potential to manage obesity and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Baz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salha Algarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Al-thepyani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Art, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aldairi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Gashlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Vasconcelos AG, Valim MO, Amorim AGN, do Amaral CP, de Almeida MP, Borges TKS, Socodato R, Portugal CC, Brand GD, Mattos JSC, Relvas J, Plácido A, Eaton P, Ramos DAR, Kückelhaus SAS, Leite JRSA. Cytotoxic activity of poly-ɛ-caprolactone lipid-core nanocapsules loaded with lycopene-rich extract from red guava (Psidium guajava L.) on breast cancer cells. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109548. [PMID: 32846600 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to produce poly-ɛ-caprolactone lipid-core nanocapsules containing lycopene-rich extract from red guava (LEG), to characterize those nanoparticles and to evaluate their cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer cells. Lipid-core nanocapsules containing the extract (nanoLEG) were produced by the method of interfacial deposition of the preformed polymer. The nanoparticles were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Polydispersity Index, Zeta Potential, pH, Encapsulation Efficiency, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT dye reduction method in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line and inhibition of ROS and NF-κB was assayed in living human microglial cell line (HMC3) by time-lapse images microscopy. A hemolytic activity assay was carried out with sheep blood. Data showed that nanoparticles average size was around 200 nm, nanoparticles concentration/mL was around 0.1 µM, negative zeta potential, pH < 5.0 and spherical shape, with low variation during a long storage period (7 months) at 5 °C, indicating stability of the system and protection against lycopene degradation. The percentage of encapsulation varied from 95% to 98%. The nanoLEG particles significantly reduced the viability of the MCF-7 cells after 24 h (61.47%) and 72 h (55.96%) of exposure, even at the lowest concentration tested (6.25-200 μg/ml) and improved on the cytotoxicity of free LEG to MCF-7. NanoLEG inhibited LPS-induced NF-kB activation and ROS production in microglial cells. The particles did not affect the membrane integrity of sheep blood erythrocytes at the concentrations tested (6.25-200 μg/mL). Thus, the formulation of lipid-core nanocapsules with a polysorbate 80-coated poly-ɛ-caprolactone wall was efficiently applied to stabilize the lycopene-rich extract from red guava, generating a product with satisfactory physico-chemical and biological properties for application as health-promoting nanotechnology-based nutraceutical, emphasizing its potential to be used as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreanne G Vasconcelos
- Applied Immunology and Morphology Research Centre, NuPMIA, Morphology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Martina O Valim
- Applied Immunology and Morphology Research Centre, NuPMIA, Morphology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Adriany G N Amorim
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research Centre, BIOTEC, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University of Piauí, UFPI, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Constança Pais do Amaral
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Peixoto de Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana K S Borges
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Pathology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme D Brand
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - João Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter Eaton
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departmento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Doralina A R Ramos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, Pathology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Selma A S Kückelhaus
- Applied Immunology and Morphology Research Centre, NuPMIA, Morphology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - José Roberto S A Leite
- Applied Immunology and Morphology Research Centre, NuPMIA, Morphology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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