1
|
Alhulaimi Y, AlAbbasi KK, AlShaya OS, Alrawaf TN, Aldosari NH, Zogel B. Giant Cell Tumor With Secondary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in the Left Distal Humerus: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e65507. [PMID: 39188432 PMCID: PMC11346329 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a common benign aggressive tumor that mostly occurs in the proximal tibia, distal radius, and distal femur but is rarely seen in the distal region of the humerus. It originally presents between the ages of 30 and 50 with suddenly occurring pain. Treatment is generally curettage adjuvant treatment if necessary and reconstruction if required. In our case report, we present the clinical and radiological findings, diagnosis, and management of a 33-year-old female patient with a giant cell tumor (GCT) accompanied by a secondary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in the left distal humerus, where the patient experienced pain for many years without significant history of trauma. Upon clinical examination, the patient displayed tenderness over the medial side of the elbow but no noted swelling, redness, or hotness. She had a painless full range of motion, with an intact distal neurovascular examination. Imaging concluded GCT with secondary ABC. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis, ruling out metastatic lesions. The patient underwent surgical intervention, with plate fixation, which yielded excellent outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Alhulaimi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Khaled K AlAbbasi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Osama S AlShaya
- Department of Reconstructive Orthopedics, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Talal N Alrawaf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Nasser H Aldosari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Basem Zogel
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smolle MA, Roessl V, Leithner A. Effect of Local Adjuvants Following Curettage of Benign and Intermediate Tumours of Bone: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4258. [PMID: 37686534 PMCID: PMC10487159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Local adjuvants are used upon intralesional resection of benign/intermediate bone tumours, aiming at reducing the local recurrence (LR) rate. However, it is under debate whether, when and which local adjuvants should be used. This PRISMA-guideline based systematic review aimed to analyse studies reporting on the role of adjuvants in benign/intermediate bone tumours. All original articles published between January 1995 and April 2020 were potentially eligible. Of 344 studies identified, 58 met the final inclusion criteria and were further analysed. Articles were screened for adjuvant and tumour type, follow-up period, surgical treatment, and development of LR. Differences in LR rates were analysed using chi-squared tests. Altogether, 3316 cases (10 different tumour entities) were analysed. Overall, 32 different therapeutic approaches were identified. The most common were curettage combined with high-speed burr (n = 774; 23.3%) and high-speed burr only (n = 620; 18.7%). The LR rate for studies with a minimum follow-up of 24 months (n = 30; 51.7%) was 12.5% (185/1483), with the highest rate found in GCT (16.7%; 144/861). In comparison to a combination of curettage, any adjuvant and PMMA, the sole application of curettage and high-speed burr (p = 0.015) reduced the LR rate in GCT. The overall complication rate was 9.6% (263/2732), which was most commonly attributable to postoperative fracture (n = 68) and osteoarthritis of an adjacent joint during follow-up (n = 62). A variety of adjuvants treatment options are reported in the literature. However, the most important step remains to be thorough curettage, ideally combined with high-speed burring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Smolle
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (V.R.); (A.L.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan L, Li Y, Hu X, Lu M, Zhang Y, Gan Y, Tu C, Min L. Clinical evaluation of the three-dimensional printed strut-type prosthesis combined with autograft reconstruction for giant cell tumor of the distal femur. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1206765. [PMID: 37675226 PMCID: PMC10479807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1206765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Propose This study aimed to describe the design and surgical techniques of a three-dimensional (3D) printed strut-type prosthesis with a porous titanium surface for distal femur giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) and evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes. Methods From June 2018 to January 2021, 9 consecutive patients with grade I or II GCTB in the distal femur underwent extended intralesional curettage followed by 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis combined with autograft reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed to assess their clinical and radiographic outcomes. Results All patients were followed up for 30.8 ± 7.5 months (18-42 months) after surgery. The mean affected subchondral bone percentage and the mean subchondral bone thickness before surgery was 31.8% ± 9.6% (range, 18.2% ~50.2%) and 2.2 ± 0.8 mm (range, 1.2-4.0 mm), respectively. At the final follow-up, all the patients were alive without local recurrence; no postoperative complications were observed. Patients had significant improvements in postoperative MSTS-93 score [(26.7 ± 2.4) vs. (18.8 ± 3.7), P < 0.05], and ROM [(122.8° ± 9.1°) vs. (108.3° ± 6.1°), P < 0.05] compared with their preoperative statuses. Furthermore, the mean subchondral bone thickness has increased to 10.9 ± 1.3 mm (range, 9.1-12.1 mm). Conclusion 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis combined with autograft reconstruction provides acceptable early functional and radiographic outcomes in patients with grade I or II GCTB in distal femur due to the advantages of the prosthesis such as good biocompatibility, osseointegration capacity, and subchondral bone protection. If our early outcomes can be further validated in studies with more patients and sufficient follow-up, this method may be evaluated as an alternative for the treatment of grade I or II GCTB in the distal femur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyun Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minxun Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxiong Gan
- Key Lab for Biomechanical Engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Model Worker and Innovative Craftsman, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Awasthi A, Dhaniwala N, Taywade S, Dadlani M, Jadhav S. A Rare Case of Giant Cell Tumour of the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus Managed With Curettage and Bone Grafting. Cureus 2023; 15:e43437. [PMID: 37711921 PMCID: PMC10499058 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumours (GCTs) of the medial epicondyle of the humerus are rare. These are generally benign tumours but have the potential to be locally aggressive. They can invade the adjacent joint or the surrounding soft tissues or, in rare cases, cause distant metastasis. Locally aggressive GCTs are generally treated with wide resection, curettage, and bone grafting, followed by joint reconstructions. Here we present a case of a 49-year-old female with a history of swelling over the medial epicondyle of the humerus for six months. The patient was diagnosed with a locally aggressive GCT and was managed with wide excision of the tumour followed by sandwich bone grafting. A two-year follow-up of the patient shows no signs of recurrence. The patient is pain-free and has decent elbow function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Awasthi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Nareshkumar Dhaniwala
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Shounak Taywade
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Mohit Dadlani
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Shivshankar Jadhav
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu X, Lu M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Min L, Tu C. A biomechanical comparison between cement packing combined with extra fixation and three-dimensional printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction for giant cell tumor of bone in distal femur. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:151. [PMID: 35264178 PMCID: PMC8905788 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common reconstruction method for bone defects caused by giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation. However, this method has several limitations involving bone cement and bone graft, which may lead to poor prognosis and joint function. A titanium-based 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis, featured with excellent biocompatibility and osseointegration ability, was developed for this bone defect in our institution. The goal of this study is to comparatively analyze the biomechanical performance of reconstruction methods aimed at the identification of better operative strategy. METHODS Four different 3D finite element models were created. Model #1: Normal femur; Model #2: Femur with tumorous cavity bone defects in the distal femur; Model #3: Cavity bone defects reconstructed by cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation; Model #4: Cavity bone defects reconstructed by 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis combined with subchondral bone grafting. The femoral muscle multiple forces were applied to analyze the mechanical difference among these models by finite element analysis. RESULTS Optimal stress and displacement distribution were observed in the normal femur. Both reconstruction methods could provide good initial stability and mechanical support. Stress distributed unevenly on the femur repaired by cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation, and obvious stress concentration was found around the articular surface of this femur. However, the femur repaired by 3D-printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction showed better performance both in displacement and stress distribution, particularly in terms of the protection of articular surface and subchondral bone. CONCLUSIONS 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis is outstanding in precise shape matching and better osseointegration. Compared to cement packing and extra fixation, it can provide the almost same support and fixation stiffness, but better biomechanical performance and protection of subchondral bone and articular cartilage. Therefore, 3D-printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction combined with subchondral bone grafting may be evaluated as an alternative for the treatment of GCTBs in distal femur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minxun Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ashford R, Aujla RS. Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78529-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
7
|
Soares do Brito J, Spranger A, Almeida P, Portela J, Barrientos-Ruiz I. Giant cell tumour of bone around the knee: a systematic review of the functional and oncological outcomes. EFORT Open Rev 2021; 6:641-650. [PMID: 34532071 PMCID: PMC8419793 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) is a relatively rare, locally aggressive benign neoplasm observed in the long bone epiphyseal-metaphyseal regions of young adults. The optimal treatment strategy for these tumours remains controversial, and a huge amount of contradictory data regarding the functional and oncological outcomes can be found. Therefore, we performed a systematic review intended to investigate the functional and oncological outcomes after surgical treatment of GCTs arising around the knee, namely in the distal femur and proximal tibia. A trend towards better oncological control was found using wide resections, nonetheless, curettage-based techniques achieve a highly acceptable recurrence rate with overall better knee function. A slight advantage favouring proximal tibia GCTs regarding the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was also observed. Prospective studies comparing groups of more homogeneous patients, tumours, and treatment options should be developed to obtain more conclusive and definitive results regarding the optimal strategy for treating GCTs.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:641-650. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200154
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - André Spranger
- Orthopedics Department, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Almeida
- Orthopedics Department, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Portela
- Orthopedics Department, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Agrawal AC, Choudhary R, Verma S. The Successful Management of a Repetitively Infected Recurrent Proximal Humerus Giant Cell Tumour of 20 Years' Duration With Two-Staged Surgery: A Rare Case Report. Cureus 2021; 13:e14492. [PMID: 34007746 PMCID: PMC8122010 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recurrence of giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is quite well known. It is mainly attributed to the presence of microscopic tumour remnants left behind after tumour treatment by intralesional curettage. This condition becomes more serious and alarming when the lesion gets infected postoperatively. Several studies have indicated that the role of adjuvants in preventing the recurrence of GCTs is limited, and complete removal of malignant cells is often mandatory. We present a rare case GCT of the proximal humerus in a female patient who developed repetitive recurrences of the tumour; her salvage procedures were also complicated by the development of infection after every treatment procedure for over 20 years. The patient was finally treated successfully with a two-stage revision and reconstruction procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok C Agrawal
- Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Ranjeet Choudhary
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND.,Orthopaedics and Trauma, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Shilp Verma
- Orthopaedic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Machak GN, Snetkov AI. The impact of curettage technique on local control in giant cell tumour of bone. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2020; 45:779-789. [PMID: 33094400 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although consensus has been reached regarding the main aspects of intralesional surgery for giant cell tumour of the bone (GCTB), debates continue about the most effective combination of local adjuvants. The purpose of study was to analyze the previous experience and determine the most effective curettage approach for GCTB. METHODS We summarized the findings from 89 papers published from 1962 to 2020 related to this subject. Database consisted of 137 treated groups that included 6441 patients who underwent different curettage techniques without pre-operative administration of bisphosphonates or RANKL inhibitors. RESULTS Recurrence rates after simple curettage ranged between 27 and 82% with a median value at 47%. The use of one or two local adjuvants reduced the incidence of recurrences approximately by 50% when compared with simple curettage. High-speed burring combined with chemical adjuvants or followed by poly(methyl methacrylate) cementation with or without bone grafting further improved the local control leading to good and excellent results; however, these were not documented in all studies. Simultaneous use of burring, chemical adjuvants, and cementation, which we named here as combined curettage, allowed to down local relapses to the range of 0-26%, with a median at 11%. Oncologic outcomes after combined curettage are significantly better when compared with simple curettage (p < 0.0001) and other variants of enhancement (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Combined curettage appears to provide the most potent and comprehensive impact on residual tumour cells located in risk zones. This approach should be considered for locally advanced tumours when function-preserving surgery is planned. Additional comparative studies are required to define the optimal curettage enhancement for each individual patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennady N Machak
- Priorov Central Institute for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey I Snetkov
- Priorov Central Institute for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bai WZ, Guo SB, Zhao W, Yu XC, Xu M, Zheng K, Hu YC, Wang F, Zhang GC. Comparison of outcomes of 2 surgical treatments for proximal humerus giant cell tumors: a multicenter retrospective study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2019; 28:2103-2112. [PMID: 31272888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of giant cell tumors in the proximal humerus is low. We evaluated 2 surgical treatments for giant cell tumors of the proximal humerus and postoperative upper-extremity function. METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 27 cases of giant cell tumors of the proximal humerus at 4 Chinese medical centers specializing in bone oncology collected between January 2002 and June 2015. All patients were followed up for more than 2 years. The surgical procedures performed for treatment included curettage in 14 patients and segmental resection in 13. The Campanacci grade, occurrence of pathologic fracture, surgical method, complications, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score were recorded for each cohort. RESULTS The recurrence rate was 7.1% in the curettage group and 15.4% in the segmental resection group. Other postoperative complications occurred in 4 patients with segmental resection, including resorption of the osteoarticular allograft in 2, subluxation of the glenohumeral joint in 1, and prosthetic loosening and exposure in 1. A significant difference in postoperative upper-extremity function was noted between the 2 groups (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative upper-extremity function in the curettage group was significantly better than that in the segmental resection group. Segmental resection and reconstruction with a large segmental osteoarticular allograft were considered unadvisable. We suggest that extensive curettage should be selected to treat proximal humerus giant cell tumors as much as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhe Bai
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shi-Bing Guo
- Department of Bone Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Bone Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiu-Chun Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Jinan, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Jinan, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Hu
- Department of Bone Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Bone Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Chuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abdulrazak S, Marzouki A, Bah S, Lahrach K, Boutayeb F. Giant cell tumour of the femoral neck: Failure of curettage-cavity filling cementation with screw fixation, a case report. Trauma Case Rep 2019; 22:100216. [PMID: 31289738 PMCID: PMC6593345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcr.2019.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giant cell tumours are common primary long bone tumours with femoral neck locations infrequent and notorious for pathological fractures. Treatment with simple curettage often results in local recurrence. Aggressive treatment that combines tumour resection with cement filling and internal fixation aims at preserving native joint function. CASE REPORT The authors intend to illustrate the short falls of such conservative approach through a case report of a femoral neck giant cell tumour in a 37 year old patient. Patient had undergone curettage-cavity filling with screw fixation for a pathological femoral neck fracture. Total hip arthroplasty was undertaken following implant failure and severe hip impairment 3 years after initial surgery. CONCLUSION Intralesional curettage and cavity cementation with internal fixation of giant cell tumour of the proximal femur allows joint preservation. Mechanical failure, local recurrence and degenerative changes hinder long term outcomes especially in the setting of pathological fractures. Further studies are required to delineate the benefits of joint sparing techniques vis-a-vis total hip replacement for giant cell bone tumours of the femoral neck.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Abdulrazak
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery A, Hassan II Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akel U, Robinson ME, Werier J, Rampersaud R, Rakhra K, Johnston D, Konji VN, Ma J, Pagé M, Matzinger MA, Ward LM. Local Tumor Recurrence and Escape from Suppression of Bone Resorption With Denosumab Treatment in Two Adolescents With Giant Cell Tumors of Bone. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10196. [PMID: 31667453 PMCID: PMC6808219 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) may be difficult to resect because of size or location. We describe two adolescents who were treated with denosumab and followed for tumoral and biochemical responses. Denosumab was effective in achieving sufficient regression to allow surgical resection and in preserving peritumor cortical bone. Reactivation of bone resorption markers was noted while the patients were receiving monthly denosumab. One patient suffered a local tumor recurrence. Denosumab was safe in enabling surgical resection of GCTB. However, the effect was transient, with an escape of resorption markers and tumor recurrence. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umar Akel
- Pediatric Bone Health Clinical Research Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Robinson
- Pediatric Bone Health Clinical Research Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Canada.,Department of Pediatrics Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa Canada
| | - Joel Werier
- Department of Surgery Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital Ottawa Canada
| | - Raja Rampersaud
- Department of Surgery Division of Orthopaedics, University Health Network Toronto Canada
| | - Kawan Rakhra
- Department of Surgery Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital Ottawa Canada
| | - Donna Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa Canada
| | - Victor N Konji
- Pediatric Bone Health Clinical Research Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Canada
| | - Jinhui Ma
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University Hamilton Canada
| | - Marika Pagé
- Pediatric Bone Health Clinical Research Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Canada
| | - Mary Ann Matzinger
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa Canada
| | - Leanne M Ward
- Pediatric Bone Health Clinical Research Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Canada.,Department of Pediatrics Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa Canada.,Department of Surgery Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital Ottawa Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miwa S, Shirai T, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Takeuchi A, Tada K, Kajino Y, Higuchi T, Abe K, Aiba H, Taniguchi Y, Tsuchiya H. Risk factors for surgical site infection after malignant bone tumor resection and reconstruction. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:33. [PMID: 30621654 PMCID: PMC6325841 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of an implant is one of the risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after malignant bone tumor resection. We developed a new technique of coating titanium implant surfaces with iodine to prevent infection. In this retrospective study, we investigated the risk factors for SSI after malignant bone tumor resection and to evaluate the efficacy of iodine-coated implants for preventing SSI. METHODS Data from 302 patients with malignant bone tumors who underwent malignant bone tumor resection and reconstruction were reviewed. Univariate analyses were performed, followed by multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for SSI based on the treatment and clinical characteristics. RESULTS The frequency of SSI was 10.9% (33/302 tumors). Pelvic bone tumor (OR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.8-13.4) and an operative time ≥ 5 h (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.2-9.6) were independent risk factors for SSI. An iodine-coated implant significantly decreased the risk of SSI (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9). CONCLUSION The present data indicate that pelvic bone tumor and long operative time are risk factors for SSI after malignant bone tumor resection and reconstruction, and that iodine coating may be a promising technique for preventing SSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shirai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Kajino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kensaku Abe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hisaki Aiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yuta Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Errani C, Tsukamoto S, Ciani G, Donati DM. Present day controversies and consensus in curettage for giant cell tumor of bone. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019; 10:1015-1020. [PMID: 31736607 PMCID: PMC6844202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ideal treatment for giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether curettage was successful in the treatment of GCTB. Intralesional curettage with adjuvant therapies, such as high-speed burring, polymethylmethacrylate, phenol, ethanol, and liquid nitrogen, may be used to reduce the local recurrence rate. However, there is no consensus on the optimal use of curettage, along with fillers and adjuvants, to limit the recurrence rate. METHODS We performed a systematic review of articles using the terms long bones, GCTB, and treatment. Case reports, reviews, opinion articles, or technique notes were excluded based on the abstract. Twenty-six articles included in this review were then studied to establish the index in suggesting the surgical treatment of GCTB. RESULTS The patient's gender, their age, the Campanacci grade of their tumor, and the type of surgery they had were not significantly associated with the local recurrence rate. Local recurrences seemed to be associated with the site of the tumor, occurring more frequently in the proximal femur or distal radius. A pathological fracture was not a contraindication for intralesional curettage. Treatment with denosumab did not decrease the local recurrence rate in patients who had been treated with curettage. CONCLUSION The current literature seems to suggest that the ideal treatment for GCTB is to remove the tumor while preserving as much of the joint as possible. Local recurrent tumors can be treated with curettage to keep the re-recurrence rate within an acceptable limit. The choice for how to treat GCTB in the proximal femur or distal radius requires special attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Errani
- Orthopaedic Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy,Corresponding author. Orthopaedic Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via pupilli n1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Ciani
- Orthopaedic Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Prabowo Y, Abubakar I. Reconstruction giant cell tumor of the right proximal humerus Campanacci 3 with pedicle and rod system: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2018; 52:67-74. [PMID: 30321828 PMCID: PMC6197710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant Cell tumors (GCT) are benign tumors with potential for aggressive behavior and capacity to metastasize. GCT were classified by Enneking and later by Campanacci based on radiographic appearance. Wide resection is associated with decreased risk of local recurrence compared to intralesional curettage and may increase the recurrence free survival rate. A 24-years-old male presented with Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the right proximal humerus Campanacci 3 and underwent wide resection and reconstruction type 1B with pedicle screw and rod system. The procedure provided excellent local control as the outcome was good both aesthetically and functionally.
Introduction Giant Cell tumors (GCT) are benign tumors with potential for aggressive behavior and capacity to metastasize. Although considered to be benign tumors of bone, GCT has a relatively high recurrence rate. Tumor often extends to the articular subchondral bone or even abuts the cartilage. The joint and/or its capsule are rarely invaded. Surgical resection is the universal standard of care for the treatment of bone GCT. The key ensuring an adequate surgical treatment with complete removal of tumor is by obtaining adequate exposure of the lesion. Presentation of case We reported a case of 24-years-old male with Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the right proximal humerus. Patient presented with chief complaint of pain on the right shoulder and had a history of fell on the right elbow. Radiographic examination showed a primary bone tumor of the proximal humerus. MRI provided excellent depiction in suggesting the diagnosis of cutaneous GCT Campanacci 3, which was later, affirmed by biopsy. Patient underwent successful wide excision and reconstruction. The limb salvage procedure consisted of shoulder resection type 1B and reconstruction with pedicle screw and rod system. During 5 days post-operative period, there was no major event observed. Patient could do shoulder flexion forward 0–30, shoulder extension 0–20, elbow extension – Flexion, wrist flexion extension, and fingers flexion. Discussion GCT of bone typically shown as an epiphyseal, eccentric, expansive lytic lesion with a ‘soap-bubble appearance’. MRI is useful to assess extracortical spread and intramedullary extension. Surgery is the treatment of choice. Curettage is usually combined with cementing or bone grafting. Hemi-articular and total elbow allografts have been used for reconstruction of the defects following tumor excision, but the complication rates are high, and these techniques are reserved as salvage procedures following failed total elbow arthroplasty. Conclusion Wide resection and total elbow arthroplasty enables good functional outcome and lower risk for recurrence. Pedicle and rod system for shoulder reconstruction is a viable option, as it provides good pain relief and functional improvement with lower complication rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogi Prabowo
- Musculoskeletal Oncology Division, Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Diponegoro No. 71, Central Jakarta, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
| | - Irsan Abubakar
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Diponegoro No. 71, Central Jakarta, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng K, Yu XC, Hu YC, Wang Z, Wu SJ, Ye ZM. How to Fill the Cavity after Curettage of Giant Cell Tumors around the Knee? A Multicenter Analysis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2541-2546. [PMID: 29067952 PMCID: PMC5678251 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.217093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intralesional excision with curettage is the standard method of giant cell tumor (GCT) treatment, but the ideal filling material after curettage remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the oncological and functional outcomes which underwent cementation or bone grafting after GCT curettage around the knee. Methods: We reported 136 cases with GCTs in distal femur or proximal tibia who accepted curettage from five clinical centers during the last 15 years. All patients were divided into two groups according to filling materials. Recurrence-free survival proportions were used to evaluate oncological outcomes while the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 93 functional score was used to evaluate functional outcomes. Other parameters including surgical complication, general condition, and radiological classification had been analyzed. The valid statisitical data was analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software. Results: After GCT curettage, 86 patients (63.2%) accepted bone grafting while 50 patients (36.8%) accepted cementation. There was no statistical difference in age, gender, tumor location, radiological classification, fixation, follow-up time, and MSTS 93 functional score between cementation group and bone grafting group. The recurrence-free survival proportions showed that the recurrence rate in bone grafting group was higher than it in cementation group (P = 0.034). Surgical complication was lower in cementation group than that in bone grafting group but without statistically significant difference (P = 0.141). Conclusions: Parameters including patients’ age, gender, tumor location, and radiological classification did not affect surgeons’ treatments in cavity filling after GCT curettage. Cementation should be recommended because of easy usage, the similar postoperative knee function with bone grafting, and the better local tumor control than bone grafting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Commanding Region, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Xiu-Chun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Commanding Region, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Hu
- Department of Bone Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Su-Jia Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Zhao-Ming Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Risk factors for postoperative deep infection in bone tumors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187438. [PMID: 29121658 PMCID: PMC5679626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative deep infection after bone tumor surgery remains a serious complication. Although there are numerous reports about risk factors for postoperative deep infection in general surgery, there is only a small number of reports about those for bone tumor surgery. This retrospective study aimed to identify risk factors for postoperative deep infection after bone tumor resection. METHODS We reviewed data of 681 patients (844 bone tumors) who underwent surgery. Associations between variables, including age, recurrent tumor, pathological fracture, surgical site (pelvis/other), chemotherapy, biological reconstruction, augmentation of artificial bone or bone cement, the use of an implant, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, additional surgery for complications, and postoperative deep infection were evaluated. RESULTS The rate of postoperative deep infection was 3.2% (27/844 tumors). A pelvic tumor (odds ratio [OR]: 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0-11.3) and use of an implant (OR: 9.3, 95% CI: 1.9-45.5) were associated with an increased risk of deep infection. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study showed that pelvic tumor and use of an implant were independent risk factors for deep infection. This information will help surgeons prepare an adequate surgical plan for patients with bone tumors.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mavrogenis AF, Igoumenou VG, Megaloikonomos PD, Panagopoulos GN, Papagelopoulos PJ, Soucacos PN. Giant cell tumor of bone revisited. SICOT J 2017; 3:54. [PMID: 28905737 PMCID: PMC5598212 DOI: 10.1051/sicotj/2017041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a locally aggressive benign neoplasm that is associated with a large biological spectrum ranging from latent benign to highly recurrent and occasionally metastatic malignant bone tumor. It accounts for 4–10% of all bone tumors and typically affects the meta-epiphyseal region of long bones of young adults. The most common site involved is the distal femur, followed by the distal radius, sacrum, and proximal humerus. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific and may include local pain, swelling, and limited range of motion of the adjacent joint. Radiographs and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the imaging modalities of choice for diagnosis. Surgical treatment with curettage is the optimal treatment for local tumor control. A favorable clinical outcome is expected when the tumor is excised to tumor-free margins, however, for periarticular lesions this is usually accompanied with a suboptimal functional outcome. Local adjuvants have been used for improved curettage, in addition to systematic agents such as denosumab, bisphosphonates, or interferon alpha. This article aims to discuss the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, and treatments for GCT of bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Mavrogenis
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, 15562 Holargos, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios G Igoumenou
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, 15562 Holargos, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis D Megaloikonomos
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, 15562 Holargos, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios N Panagopoulos
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, 15562 Holargos, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis J Papagelopoulos
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, 15562 Holargos, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis N Soucacos
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, 41 Ventouri Street, 15562 Holargos, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu Y, Li M, Li L, Wei S, Hu X, Wang X, Shan G, Zhang Y, Xia H, Yin Q. High-activity chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite/zoledronic acid scaffolds for simultaneous tumor inhibition, bone repair and infection eradication. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 82:225-233. [PMID: 29025652 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Implanted biomaterials combined tumor inhibition and bone repair property are urgently needed to address the huge bone destruction and the high local recurrence following primary surgery in bone tumor therapy. In this work, a high-activity chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) scaffold containing zoledronic acid (CS/nHA/Zol) was prepared with a facile method. The prepared CS/nHA/Zol scaffolds exhibited excellent tumor inhibition property towards giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) in vitro through inducing cells apoptosis by up-regulating pro-apoptosis genes expression and reducing the osteoclastic activity of tumor cells by down-regulating osteoclastic genes. Meanwhile, the prepared scaffolds possessed well biocompatibility and osteoinductivity as compared to pure CS/nHA scaffolds. Furthermore, the prepared scaffolds also presented outstanding antibacterial activity against clinical pathogenic S. aureus and E. coli. These overall findings successfully demonstrated the prepared CS/nHA/Zol scaffolds had a multifunction of tumor therapy, bone repair, and antibacterium, which provides a new approach possessed promising advantages in bone tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, No. 111, Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Mei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, No. 111, Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, No. 111, Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Shuzhen Wei
- Department of Blood Bank, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, No. 111, Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, No. 111, Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, No. 111, Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Guiqiu Shan
- Department of Blood Bank, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, No. 111, Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, No. 111, Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, No. 111, Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China.
| | - Qingshui Yin
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Tissue Repair of Tropical Area of PLA, Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, No. 111, Liuhua Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao M, Li H, Liang X, Fu X, Li X. Multifocal pigmented villonodular synovitis coexisting in both the knee joint and the patella: a case report and literature review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:293. [PMID: 28683727 PMCID: PMC5501528 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is an uncommon entity of proliferative lesion of the synovium, presenting with different clinical signs and symptoms. PVNS rarely forms an osteolytic lesion in a bone. Here we report a unique case of PVNS with a nodular lesion in the left patella. CASE PRESENTATION A 37-year-old female was referred to our hospital with complaints of ongoing left knee pain and a painful and palpable mass in her left popliteal fossa. MRI demonstrated a nodular lesion in the left patella, diffuse affected synovial tissue in the left knee and an extra-articular mass in the left popliteal fossa. After a primary diagnosis of PVNS had been established, combined arthroscopic synovectomy and open resection were performed. The postoperative pathological diagnoses of the resected mass from the popliteal fossa, the affected synovial tissue and the lesion in the patella were consistent with PVNS. At 1-year follow-up, no evidence of recurrence was noted. CONCLUSIONS Based on brief literature review of PNVS, we presented a very rare case of PVNS with a nodular lesion in the left patella, diffuse affected synovial tissue in the left knee and an extra-articular mass in the left popliteal fossa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Gao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, NO. 333 Nanbinhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, China
| | - Hong Li
- Ophthalmology Center, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, NO. 333 Nanbinhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Department, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Gansu, 730050, China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, NO. 333 Nanbinhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rigollino AV, Fernando TS, Tanaka MH, Souza MM. Tumor de células gigantes localmente avançado ao nível do joelho: tratamento e revisão da literatura. Rev Bras Ortop 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbo.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
22
|
Rigollino AV, Fernando TS, Tanaka MH, Souza MM. Giant cell tumor locally advanced around the knee: treatment and literature review. Rev Bras Ortop 2017; 52:473-478. [PMID: 28884107 PMCID: PMC5582821 DOI: 10.1016/j.rboe.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a benign bone tumor with aggressive characteristics. They are more prevalent in the third decade of life and demonstrate a preference for locating in the epiphyseal region of long bones. They have a high local recurrence rate, which depends on the type of treatment and initial tumor presentation. The risk of lung metastases is around 3%. Between October 2010 and August 2014, nine patients diagnosed with locally advanced GCT or with pathological fracture to the knee level underwent surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the treatment, particularly with regard to relapse, and to conduct a literature review. There was a predominance of males (77.7%). The most common location was the distal femur. Four patients (44%) developed local recurrence in the first year after surgery, three in distal femur and one in proximal tibia. Of the two patients with pathologic fracture at diagnosis, one of them presented recurrence after five months. The treatment of GCT is still a challenge. The authors believe that the best treatment method is wide resection and reconstruction of bone defects with non-conventional endoprostheses. Patients should be aware and well informed about the possible complications and functional losses that may occur as a result of the surgical treatment chosen and the need for further surgery in the medium and long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valeria Rigollino
- Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Grupo de Oncologia Ortopédica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | - Thiago Santos Fernando
- Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Hajime Tanaka
- Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Grupo de Oncologia Ortopédica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcello Martins Souza
- Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Grupo de Oncologia Ortopédica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Zhou Z, Wang X, Wu Z, Huang W, Xiao J. Epidemiological characteristics of primary spinal osseous tumors in Eastern China. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:73. [PMID: 28376922 PMCID: PMC5379532 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary spinal osseous tumors are rare, yet they represent a difficult treatment paradigm because of the complexities of tumor resection and significant resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The geographic distribution of primary spinal osseous tumors throughout the world appears to be quite variable, with a very low incidence reported in Asian countries. METHODS Data on 1209 cases of primary spinal osseous malignant and benign tumor cases diagnosed during the 20-year period of 1995 through 2015 in eastern China were analyzed. RESULTS In 780 cases (64.5%), the lesion was benign and in 429 (35.5%) was malignant. The commonest primary malignant tumors were chordoma (9.8% of all cases) followed by plasma cell myeloma (8.5% of all cases). The most common benign tumor was hemangioma (28.1% of all cases) followed by giant cell tumor of bone (15.7% of all cases) and osteoblastoma (4.4% of all cases). The benign tumors affected men in 33.8% of cases and women in 30.7% of cases, the malignant tumors affected men in 23.7% of cases and women in 11.8%. The mean age (mean ± SD) in the benign group was 34.7 ± 19.8 years and in the malignant group was 47.4 ± 16.5 years. Related symptoms were pain (54.4%), radiculopathy (12.9%), cord compression (9.2%), mass (5.7%), pathological fracture (4.7%), deformity (2.1%), and weight loss (1.9%). The anatomical locations included almost every vertebra of the spine. The thoracic spine (38.1%) was the most common location of the tumors, followed by the cervical spine (27.4%) and lumbar spine (18.4%). CONCLUSIONS Compared with other similar series reported in the literature from the other countries, our results obtained in a developing country were different in some degree. This large series of primary spinal osseous tumors may reflect fairly well their real incidence and provide a sufficiently detailed perspective on epidemiologic studies of primary spinal osseous tumors in eastern China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital,, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital,, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital,, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wending Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital,, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital,, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Eajazi A, Kheterpal A, Kattapuram S, Nielsen GP, Rosenthal DI. Multiple giant cell tumors of bone arising from multiple fatty tumors. Skeletal Radiol 2017; 46:117-121. [PMID: 27771752 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-016-2498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a patient with a history of giant cell tumor who over the course of 18 years developed multiple fat containing osseous lesions in the pelvis and spine. Two of these lesions subsequently evolved into biopsy proven giant cell tumor of bone. To our knowledge, this phenomenon of giant cell tumors evolving from fat containing lesions has not been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Eajazi
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Yawkey 6E, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Arvin Kheterpal
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Yawkey 6E, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Susan Kattapuram
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Yawkey 6E, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Gunnlaugur Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Warren 2, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Ira Rosenthal
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Yawkey 6E, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kamal AF, Simbolon EL, Prabowo Y, Hutagalung EU. Wide resection versus curettage with adjuvant therapy for giant cell tumour of bone. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2016; 24:228-31. [PMID: 27574268 DOI: 10.1177/1602400221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the association between type of surgery (wide resection versus curettage with adjuvant therapy) and outcome in patients with giant cell tumour (GCT) of bone. METHODS Records of 30 male and 52 female consecutive patients aged 10 to 62 years who underwent wide resection (n=57) or curettage with adjuvant therapy (n=25) for primary GCT of bone were reviewed. The surgical decision was based on patient age, tumour location, functional demand, and patient preference. The median tumour size was 8.5 cm. Tumours were classified as stage 1 (n=4), stage 2 (n=60), and stage 3 (n=18), and 25%, 68.3%, and 83.3% of them were treated with wide resection, respectively. Functional outcome was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score; the maximum score was 30. RESULTS The wide resection and curettage with adjuvant therapy groups were comparable in terms of patient age, gender, tumour size, location, symptoms, tumour stage, type of biopsy, and MSTS score. The MSTS score was excellent in 50.2% of patients, good in 38.7% of patients, and fair and poor in the remaining patients. The MSTS score was not associated with tumour stage or type of surgery. Four patients in the wide resection group had metastasis to the lung. They also had lower haemoglobin level (10.6 vs. 12.7 g/dl, p=0.020) and higher percentage of stage-3 tumour (100% vs. 17.9%, p=0.001) but had no recurrence (0% vs. 6.4%, p=0.774), compared with those without metastatsis. All died from massive haemoptysis and respiratory failure. Eight patients died; their haemoglobin level was lower than that of patients who were still living (11.2 vs. 12.7 g/dl, p=0.032). Mortality was associated with metastasis (100% vs 5.2%, p<0.001) but not recurrence or complication. Two patients in each group had recurrence; recurrence was not associated with type of surgery. CONCLUSION There was no association between type of surgery and tumour recurrence, metastasis, or outcome. Curettage with adjuvant therapy was more commonly performed for stage 1 and 2 tumours, whereas wide resection was more for stage 3 tumours. Metastasis was associated with stage 3 tumour and mortality but not recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Kamal
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital / Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zheng K, Yu X, Hu Y, Wang Z, Wu S, Ye Z. Surgical treatment for pelvic giant cell tumor: a multi-center study. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:104. [PMID: 27044392 PMCID: PMC4820864 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to discuss the clinical results which related to the location of giant cell tumors (GCTs) in the pelvis so as to determine the ideal surgical treatment protocol. Methods We report 29 cases who accepted surgical treatment from five clinical centers during the last 12 years. All patients were divided into three groups according to tumor locations, and they were also classified into two groups in light of surgical treatments. The parameters for outcome evaluation consisting of general condition, surgical complications, local disease control, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 93 functional score had been analyzed, respectively. Results Surgical treatment in the acetabular area usually resulted in postoperative complications and poor function. One patient who accepted intralesional surgery and two who accepted wide resection had local recurrence. The mean functional score was 25.4 for the 8 patients who received intralesional surgery and 21.9 for the 21 patients who received wide resection. Surgical complications occurred in 1 patient who underwent intralesional surgery and the other 6 patients who underwent wide resection. Conclusions We conclude that surgical treatment of pelvic GCTs in the acetabular area is difficult to select as it is always accompanied by complications and poor function. Compared to wide resection, intralesional surgery combined with a meticulous preoperative planning may lower the recurrence rate and obtain favorable postoperative functional results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Commanding Region, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Giant Cell Tumor Group of China (GTOC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiuchun Yu
- Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Commanding Region, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Giant Cell Tumor Group of China (GTOC), Beijing, China.
| | - Yongcheng Hu
- Department of Bone Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Giant Cell Tumor Group of China (GTOC), Beijing, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shannxi, China.,Giant Cell Tumor Group of China (GTOC), Beijing, China
| | - Sujia Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Giant Cell Tumor Group of China (GTOC), Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Giant Cell Tumor Group of China (GTOC), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bydon M, De la Garza-Ramos R, Bettegowda C, Suk I, Wolinsky JP, Gokaslan ZL. En Bloc Resection of a Giant Cell Tumor in the Sacrum via a Posterior-Only Approach Without Nerve Root Sacrifice: Technical Case Report. Neurosurgery 2016; 11 Suppl 3:E472-8. [PMID: 26103558 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are rare primary bone neoplasms. The best long-term prognosis is achieved via complete tumor excision, but this feat is challenging in the spine due to proximity of blood vessels and nervous tissue. When occurring in the sacrum, GCTs have been removed in an en bloc fashion via combined anterior/posterior approaches, oftentimes with nerve root sacrifice. The purpose of this article is to present a case of a single-staged, posterior-only approach for en bloc resection of a sacral GCT without nerve root sacrifice. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 45-year-old female presented with intractable lower back and leg pain, saddle anesthesia, and lower extremity weakness. She underwent imaging studies, which revealed a lesion involving the S1 and S2 vertebral bodies. Computed tomography guided biopsy revealed the lesion to be a GCT. The patient underwent a posterior-only approach without nerve root sacrifice to achieve an en bloc resection, followed by lumbopelvic reconstruction. CONCLUSION Sacrectomy via a single-staged posterior approach with nerve root preservation is a challenging yet feasible procedure for the treatment of giant cell tumors in carefully selected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Bydon
- ‡The Spinal Column Biomechanics and Surgical Outcomes Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; §Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) comprises up to 20 % of benign bone tumors in the US. GCTB are typically locally aggressive, but metastasize to the lung in ~5 % of cases. Malignant transformation occurs in a small percentage of cases, usually following radiation therapy. Historically, GCTB have been treated primarily with surgery. When the morbidity of surgery would be excessive, radiation therapy may achieve local control. In most cases the primary driver of the malignant cell appears to be a mutation in H3F3A leading to a substitution of Gly34 to either Trp or Leu in Histone H3.3. This change presumably alters the methylation of the protein, and thus, its effect on gene expression. The malignant stromal cells of GCTB secrete RANKL, which recruits osteoclast precursors to the tumor and stimulates their differentiation to osteoclasts. The elucidation of the biology of GCTB led to trials of the anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody denosumab in this disease, with a clear demonstration of beneficial clinical effect. Surgery remains the primary treatment of localized GCTB. When surgery is not possible or would be associated with excessive morbidity, denosumab is a good treatment option. The optimal length of treatment and schedule of denosumab is unknown, but recurrences after apparent complete responses have been observed after stopping denosumab, and long-term follow-up of denosumab treatment may reveal unrecognized effects. The role of denosumab in the preoperative or adjuvant setting will require clinical trials. In some cases local radiation therapy may be useful, although long term effects should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Skubitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, and the Masonic Cancer Center, Box 286, University Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Primary total knee arthroplasty twenty years after distal femoral cement augmentation of a giant cell tumor. Case Rep Orthop 2015; 2015:283294. [PMID: 25945272 PMCID: PMC4405295 DOI: 10.1155/2015/283294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of knee reconstruction 20 years after treatment of a giant cell tumor (GCT) with curettage and cementation. There is currently an ongoing debate whether cement or allograft bone is the preferred material for filling the void after GCT curettage. In this case we were able to readily implant a primary total knee replacement without disturbing the existing well-interdigitated large cement bolus and did not require any stems or augments for the reconstruction. Given the ease of TKR implantation in this patient, we feel that the use of cement following curettage of a GCT lesion is a better choice than allograft bone which may not provide enough structural support for the knee reconstruction and lead to a much more extensive procedure.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hakim DN, Pelly T, Kulendran M, Caris JA. Benign tumours of the bone: A review. J Bone Oncol 2015; 4:37-41. [PMID: 26579486 PMCID: PMC4620948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign tumours of the bone are not cancerous and would not metastasise to other regions of the body. However, they can occur in any part of the skeleton, and can still be dangerous as they may grow and compress healthy bone tissue. There are several types of benign tumours that can be classified by the type of matrix that the tumour cells produce; such as bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, fat or blood vessel. Overall, 8 different types can be distinguished: osteochondroma, osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, giant cell tumour, aneurysmal bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia and enchondroma. The incidence of benign bone tumours varies depending on the type. However, they most commonly arise in people less than 30 years old, often triggered by the hormones that stimulate normal growth. The most common type is osteochondroma. This review discusses the different types of common benign tumours of the bone based on information accumulated from published literature.
Collapse
|
32
|
Giant cell tumor of the lower end of tibia. Curettage and cement reconstruction. Foot Ankle Surg 2015; 21:e16-20. [PMID: 25682416 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone giant cell tumor (GCT) is a rare, generally benign and locally aggressive tumor. It accounts for about 5% of all primary bone tumors and is located preferentially on the epiphyseal long bone. Ankle localization is rare. We present two cases of GCT of the lower end of tibia, presenting as gradually increasing pain and swelling in the tibial pilon over the course of 3 months. Standard radiology and MRI showed large eccentric, expansile lesion in the distal tibia with rupture of the cortex suggestive of a malignant tumor of the bone. A biopsy was performed which confirmed a GCT of bone. Curettage of the lesion and packing the cavity with bone cement resulted in disappearance of the tumor with good functional recovery. We conclude that intralesional curettage and cement packing is a good treatment option for Campanacci grade 2 and 3 GCT lesions of lower tibia.
Collapse
|
33
|
Treatment and outcome of primary aggressive giant cell tumor in the spine. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015; 24:1747-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-3777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
34
|
López-Pousa A, Martín Broto J, Garrido T, Vázquez J. Giant cell tumour of bone: new treatments in development. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 17:419-30. [PMID: 25617146 PMCID: PMC4448077 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a benign osteolytic tumour with three main cellular components: multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, mononuclear spindle-like stromal cells (the main neoplastic components) and mononuclear cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The giant cells overexpress a key mediator in osteoclastogenesis: the RANK receptor, which is stimulated in turn by the cytokine RANKL, which is secreted by the stromal cells. The RANK/RANKL interaction is predominantly responsible for the extensive bone resorption by the tumour. Historically, standard treatment was substantial surgical resection, with or without adjuvant therapy, with recurrence rates of 20–56 %. Studies with denosumab, a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to RANKL, resulted in dramatic treatment responses, which led to its approval by the United States Food and Drugs Administration (US FDA). Recent advances in the understanding of GCTB pathogenesis are essential to develop new treatments for this locally destructive primary bone tumour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A López-Pousa
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Giant cell tumor of bone: A series of 97 cases with a mean follow-up of 12 years. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recote.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
36
|
Cytogenetic study of secondary malignancy in giant cell tumor. J Orthop Sci 2015; 20:217-23. [PMID: 23929353 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-013-0446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
37
|
Saibaba B, Chouhan DK, Kumar V, Dhillon MS, Rajoli SR. Curettage and reconstruction by the sandwich technique for giant cell tumours around the knee. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2014; 22:351-5. [PMID: 25550017 DOI: 10.1177/230949901402200317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate outcomes of 36 patients who underwent curettage, use of phenol, and reconstruction using the sandwich technique for giant cell tumour (GCT) of bone around the knee. METHODS 22 women and 14 men aged 19 to 46 (mean, 29.6) years underwent intralesional curettage, use of phenol, and reconstruction using the sandwich technique for GCT of the proximal tibia (n=23) or distal femur (n=13). Two of the cases were recurrences. Two, 18, and 16 tumours were classified as grade I, grade II, and grade III, respectively. Five of the grade III tumours were associated with an extra-articular pathological fracture. Patients underwent intralesional curettage, use of phenol, and reconstruction with allograft, gel foam, and cement (the sandwich technique). Pathological fractures were fixed with plates. Functional outcome was evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 5 (2.5-11) years. The mean MSTS score was 27.7 out of 30 (standard deviation, 3; range, 16-30). One patient with a grade III tumour in the proximal tibia had a recurrence detected elsewhere after 3 years. Her MSTS score at 2 years was 26. No patient had malignant transformation. CONCLUSION Intralesional curettage, use of phenol, and reconstruction with allograft, gel foam, and cement (the sandwich technique) for GCT of bone achieved good functional outcome and a low recurrence rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Saibaba
- Department of Orthopaedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ossified soft tissue recurrence of giant cell tumor of the bone: four case reports with follow-up radiographs, CT, ultrasound, and MR images. Skeletal Radiol 2014; 43:1457-63. [PMID: 24816907 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-014-1898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone is a benign tumor with a high incidence of recurrence. The majority of recurrence occurs in the bone, typically where curettage was performed previously. Soft tissue recurrence is much less common and often shows ossification at the periphery of the soft tissue mass. We report four cases of ossified soft tissue recurrence of giant cell tumor of the bone after surgery at follow-up examination using plain radiography, ultrasound, CT, and MR imagings. Imaging findings of soft tissue recurrence with peripheral or central ossification were reviewed with pathologic correlation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe soft tissue tumor recurrence with ossification illustrated and monitored at various imaging modalities over an extended follow-up period.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abat F, Almenara M, Peiró A, Trullols L, Bagué S, Grácia I. [Giant cell tumour of bone: a series of 97 cases with a mean follow-up of 12 years]. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2014; 59:59-65. [PMID: 25151296 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe our series of patients with giant cell tumour of bone with a long-term follow-up to show the results obtained with our treatment protocol. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 97 histologically confirmed giant cell tumour of bone were treated in our center between 1982 and 2009. The mean follow-up period was 12 years (2-27 years). The treatment received was determined by the radiological grade based on the Campanacci classification. The series consisted of 53 women (54.6%) and 44 men (54.4%) with a median age of 34.16 years (15-71 years). The data collected was focused on the clinical presentation, location, phase, extension, recurrences, and complications. RESULTS The treatment most used in Campanacci grades i and ii was intralesional excision with high velocity drilling and filling with a graft. In grades iii that could not be treated with the aforementioned method, it was decided to perform en bloc resection. An overall recurrence rate of around 25.8% was observed. Seven cases (7.2%) presented with a recurrence of the malignancy. The death rate at the end of follow-up was 2.1% (2 cases). CONCLUSIONS Curettage with a high-velocity drill and a bone graft in giant cell tumour of bone Campanacci grades i and ii obtain good results after long-term follow-up. Some grade iii giant cell tumour of bone that cannot be treated with this therapeutic option require en bloc resection and reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Abat
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - M Almenara
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - A Peiró
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - L Trullols
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - S Bagué
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - I Grácia
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gouin F, Rochwerger AR, Di Marco A, Rosset P, Bonnevialle P, Fiorenza F, Anract P. Adjuvant treatment with zoledronic acid after extensive curettage for giant cell tumours of bone. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2425-31. [PMID: 25088085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giant cell tumours (GCT) of bone are benign neoplasms associated with a high rate of local recurrence after extensive intra-lesional curettage. Recently, understanding of the biological molecular availability of strong anti-osteoclastic drugs has suggested their potential value in reducing local recurrences after curettage. Through a phase II clinical trial, we investigated the effect of a short treatment with zoledronic acid (ZOL) after intra-lesional curettage of GCT, as well as local recurrence and tolerance of the treatment. METHODS AND PATIENTS Twenty-four patients were enrolled in a multicentre, phase 2 study. The patients were treated with extensive intra-lesional curettage followed by five courses of ZOL (4 mg IV every 3 weeks). The clinical and biological tolerance of each patient was assessed. Patients were reviewed clinically and by X-ray every 6 months until the end of the study (36 months). RESULTS Eighteen out of 20 patients reported side-effects with ZOL, mainly grade 1 and 2 effects. The local recurrence rate was 15%; three patients had a recurrence, one at 4 months (huge GCT of the sacrum), one at 24 months (patient who discontinued the treatment after the first course of ZOL), and one after the observational period, at 58 months. Finally, local relapse-free survival was 82 ± 9% at 60 months. CONCLUSION Short adjuvant treatments with ZOL after extensive intra-lesional curettage of GCT were associated with a low rate of recurrence but did not prevent local recurrence in this study. No serious general adverse effects were observed. More studies are needed to evaluate the potential benefit of medical bisphosphonate injections combined with intra-lesional curettage in the treatment of GCTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francois Gouin
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, University Hospital of Nantes CHU, Hôtel-Dieu, 44 093 Nantes Cedex, France; LPRO, Inserm U957, UFR Médecine, Université de Nantes, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Antonio Di Marco
- University Hospital de Hautepierre, Av. Molière, 67 000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Philippe Rosset
- University Hospital Trousseau, Rue des Loches, 37 004 Tours, France.
| | - Paul Bonnevialle
- University Hospital of Purpan, Place du Dr. Baylac, 31 059 Toulouse, France.
| | - Fabrice Fiorenza
- University Hospital Dupuytren, Av. Martin Luther King, 87 042 Limoges, France.
| | - Philippe Anract
- University Hospital of Cochin-Port Royal, Av. Du Fb Saint Jacques, 75 014 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sun S, Zhang Q, Zhao CS, Cai J. Long-term outcomes of ultrasonic scalpel treatment in giant cell tumor of long bones. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:145-150. [PMID: 24959235 PMCID: PMC4063628 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are generally benign, locally aggressive lesions with the potential to metastasize and a tendency of local recurrence. The present study aimed to investigate the advantages and long-term outcomes of application of ultrasonic scalpel in the treatment of GCT of long bones. This study retrospectively analyzed 32 cases of GCT of long bones, including 24 males and eight females. The age range was from 8 to 34 years old (mean age, 23.5 years old). The 32 cases were randomly divided into an observation group (n=10) and a control group (n=22). Patients in the observation group received curettage by ultrasonic scalpel combined with local methotrexate gelfoam adjuvant treatment, and then the cavity was filled with allograft and/or homograft bone. Patients in the control group eceived curettage by local methotrexate gelfoam adjuvant treatment and bone grafting. No local recurrence or pulmonary metastases were observed among patients in the observation group, however, six patients in the control group exhibited recurrence following surgery, although none of the patients demonstrated distant metastasis (P<0.05). Additionally, all 10 patients showed good bone knitting and rehabilitation without deformity and functional issues. The segmental bone graft was perfectly incorporated without obvious immune rejection, collapse and fracture. Curettage by ultrasonic scalpel with local methotrexate gelfoam adjuvant treatment and filling the site by allograft and/or homograft bone showed satisfactory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Song Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee CG, Kim SH, Kim DM, Kim SW. Giant cell tumor of upper thoracic spine. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2014; 55:167-9. [PMID: 24851155 PMCID: PMC4024819 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2014.55.3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the spine is a rare benign tumor, but can be aggressive and can exhibit a high local recurrence rate. Furthermore, GCT of the upper thoracic spine may pose diagnostic and management difficulties. Here, we report a rare case of GCT of the upper thoracic spine with soft tissue extension to the spinal canal. The patient was managed by decompressive laminectomy and posterolateral fusion followed by an injection of polymethylmethacrylate into the vertebral lesion. The patient recovered clinically and showed radiological improvement after surgical treatment without tumor recurrence at his last follow-up of postoperative 7 years. We present this unusual case of GCT and include a review of the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chul Gab Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dong Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Amanatullah DF, Clark TR, Lopez MJ, Borys D, Tamurian RM. Giant cell tumor of bone. Orthopedics 2014; 37:112-20. [PMID: 24679193 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20140124-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to: 1. Identify at-risk populations for giant cell tumor of bone. 2. Recognize the biology that drives giant cell tumor of bone. 3. Describe modern surgical and adjuvant techniques to effectively treat giant cell tumor of bone. 4. Recognize the complications associated with radiation therapy, poor resection, and adjuvant treatments. Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a benign, locally aggressive bone tumor. Giant cell tumor of bone primarily affects the young adult patient population. The natural history of GCT is progressive bone destruction leading to joint deformity and disability. Surgery is the primary mode of treatment, but GCT has a tendency to recur locally despite a range of adjuvant surgical options. Pulmonary metastasis has been described. However, systemic spread of GCT rarely becomes progressive, leading to death. This review presents the clinicopathologic features of GCT and a historical perspective that highlights the current rationale and controversies regarding the treatment of GCT.
Collapse
|
44
|
Fan H, Guo Z, Wang Z, Li J, Li X. Reply to letter to the editor: Surgical technique: Unicondylar osteoallograft prosthesis composite in tumor limb salvage surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013; 471:2039-40. [PMID: 23553073 PMCID: PMC3706656 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-2973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Clinical evaluation of β-TCP in the treatment of lacunar bone defects: A prospective, randomized controlled study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1894-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is sometimes difficult to distinguish from other giant-cell-rich tumors such as chondroblastoma (CHB) and aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). The usefulness of p63 as a diagnostic marker for GCT is controversial. While there have been no reports about p63 as a prognostic marker for local recurrence, various p63-positive rates in GCT have been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate retrospectively whether p63 is useful as a diagnostic marker and/or a prognostic marker for local recurrence of GCT. METHODS This study included 36 patients diagnosed with either GCT (n = 16), CHB (n = 9), ABC (n = 7), or non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) (n = 4). p63 immunostaining was performed for all specimens. The mean p63-positive rate was compared with the four diseases and between the recurrent and non-recurrent cases of GCT. RESULTS Although the mean p63-positive rate for GCT (36.3%) was statistically higher than that of all other diseases examined (CHB: 15.2%; ABC: 5.8%; NOF: 3.4%), p63 was not specific for GCT. The mean p63-positive rate for recurrent GCT cases (73.6%) was statistically higher than that for non-recurrent cases (29.1%). CONCLUSION In the diagnosis of GCT, p63 is a useful but not a conclusive marker. However, p63 did appear to indicate the biological aggressiveness of GCT. Therefore, p63 may help surgeons to estimate the risk of recurrence after surgery and help them to choose the best treatment for each GCT case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiro Yanagisawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chakarun CJ, Forrester DM, Gottsegen CJ, Patel DB, White EA, Matcuk GR. Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Review, Mimics, and New Developments in Treatment. Radiographics 2013; 33:197-211. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.331125089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
48
|
Xu W, Li X, Huang W, Wang Y, Han S, Chen S, Xu L, Yang X, Liu T, Xiao J. Factors affecting prognosis of patients with giant cell tumors of the mobile spine: retrospective analysis of 102 patients in a single center. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 20:804-10. [PMID: 23096699 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the mobile spine is a benign tumor, but it can be potentially aggressive. There is not much published information on GCT of the mobile spine as a result of rarity of the disease, and there are controversies over prognostic factors of the condition. METHODS A retrospective analysis of GCT of the mobile spine was performed by survival analysis. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was defined as the interval between the date of surgery and the date of recurrence. The postoperative RFS rate was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors with P values of ≤0.1 were subjected to multivariate analysis for RFS by proportional hazard analysis. P values of ≤0.5 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 102 patients with GCT of the mobile spine were included in the study. The mean follow-up period was 39.9 (median 26.0, range 2-153) months. Thirty-eight patients developed recurrence. The univariate and multivariate analysis suggested that age less than 40 years, total spondylectomy either by en bloc or piecemeal method, and administration of bisphosphonate were independent favorable prognostic factors. Subgroup analysis by excluding patients before the year 2000 further confirmed our findings. CONCLUSIONS The removal of the entire osseous compartment either by en bloc or piecemeal method in combination with the long-term use of bisphosphonate could significantly reduce the recurrence rate of GCT of the mobile spine. Age less than 40 years is a favorable prognostic factor for GCT in the mobile spine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu YP, Li KH, Sun BH. Which treatment is the best for giant cell tumors of the distal radius? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012; 470:2886-94. [PMID: 22773395 PMCID: PMC3442009 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-012-2464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intralesional excision and en bloc resection are used to treat giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the distal radius. However, it is unclear whether one provides lower rates of recurrences and fewer complications, and whether the use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) after curettage reduces the risk of recurrence. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We examined whether curettage was associated with lower rates of recurrence and fewer major complications compared with en bloc excision, and whether PMMA resulted in lower rates of recurrence compared with a bone graft. METHODS We systematically searched the literature using the criteria, "giant cell tumor" AND "curettage" OR "intralesional excision" OR "resection". Six relevant articles were identified that reported data for 80 curettage cases (PMMA, n = 49; bone graft, n = 26; no PMMA or bone grafts, n = 5) and 59 involving en bloc excision. A meta-analysis was performed using these data. RESULTS Overall, patients in the intralesional excision group had a higher recurrence rate (relative risk [RR], 2.80; 95% CI, 1.17-6.71), especially for Campanacci grade 3 GCTs (RR, 4.90; 95% CI, 1.36-17.66), yet fewer major complications (RR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09-0.54) than the en bloc resection group. The use of PMMA versus bone graft did not affect the recurrence rate (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.44-2.17). CONCLUSIONS Based on data obtained from the limited number of studies available, intralesional excision appears to be more appropriate for the treatment of local lesions (e.g., grades 1 and 2) than grade 3 GCTs of the distal radius. Moreover, PMMA was not additionally effective as an adjuvant. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study (systematic review). See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-peng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 PR China
| | - Kang-hua Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 PR China
| | - Bu-hua Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shinozaki T, Saito K, Kobayashi T, Yanagawa T, Takagishi K. Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b is a Useful Serum Marker for Diagnosis and Recurrence Detection of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone. Open Orthop J 2012; 6:392-9. [PMID: 22962569 PMCID: PMC3434889 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001206010392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) 5b was investigated for use as a marker for diagnosis of giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone and for detection of its recurrence. Four patients with GCT of bone who were initially referred to our hospital were classified as a primary group. Three patients who had local recurrence following curettage were classified as a local recurrence group. Five with no recurrence were classified as a no-recurrence group. Eighteen patients with primary and metastatic malignant bone tumors were also enrolled in the study as a control group. Serum TRACP 5b was measured before the biopsy in all patients and was measured periodically after the operation in patients with GCT of bone. Student t-tests were used for statistical analyses. TRACP 5b was greater than 1500 Um/dL in all primary group patients. Mean TRACP 5b values decreased gradually with post-operative time, showing lower values until local recurrence. The mean value of TRACP 5b of the local recurrence group (753 ± 68.7 mU/dL) was significantly higher than that of the no-recurrence group (340.6 ± 78.3 mU/dL). The mean value of TRACP 5b of the control group (466.9 ± 130.3 mU/dL) was much lower than that of the primary group and markedly lower than that of the local recurrence group. However, no significant difference was found between the no-recurrence group and the control group. Serum TRACP 5b is a useful and convenient marker for diagnosing GCT of bone and for predicting its recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Shinozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|