The rate of symptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing elective Ilizarov surgery and the cost of chemical prophylaxis

Modified tibial transverse transport technique for the treatment of ischemic diabetic foot ulcer in patients with type 2 diabetes

Background

Ischemic diabetic foot ulcer is one of the terminal complications of diabetes. The high amputation rate, recurrence rate, and treatment cost have caused a huge burden on patients and society. This study designed the modified tibial transverse transport (mTTT) technology to treat diabetic ischemic diabetic foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes and investigated the effectiveness and safety of this technique.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes and ischemic diabetic foot ulcers at two hospitals during January 2016–October 2019. These patients underwent mTTT surgery combined with wound debridement and vacuum sealing drainage negative pressure drainage treatment. In-hospital follow-up was performed at 1 month after the operation, while outpatient follow-up was performed at 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation. The ulcer healing time, recurrence rate, major amputation rate, and complications were analysed.

Results

A total of 201 patients were enrolled in this study, including 107 males and 94 females (mean age: 68.3 ​± ​7.1 years). The wounds of all patients healed completely (mean healing time: 4.6 ​± ​1.6 months). There was no occurrence of major amputation, recurrence, and treatment-related complications in the patients.

Conclusion

mTTT can effectively and safely treat ischemic diabetic foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes. This technology is an important part of the ischemic diabetic foot ulcer treatment system and warrants further research.

The Translational Potential of this Article

This study introduced a new method to treat the ischemic diabetic foot ulcer which was called modified tibial transverse transport. The promising outcomes of patients indicated that this surgical method had great potential for clinical application and was worthy of further clinical research with high evidence level.

[Clinical study on treatment of chronic infection of foot and ankle with lower extremity ischemic diseases by tibial transverse transport combined with antibiotic embedded bone cement]

OBJECTIVE

To study the effectiveness of tibial transverse transport combined with the antibiotics embedded bone cement in the treatment of chronic infection of foot and ankle with lower extremity ischemic diseases.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was performed on 28 patients with ischemic diseases of lower extremities associated with chronic foot and ankle infection who were treated with tibial transverse transport combined with antibiotic bone cement between August 2015 and October 2019. There were 22 males and 6 females, with an average age of 65.6 years (range, 41-86 years). There were 25 cases of diabetic foot, 2 cases of arteriosclerosis obliterans, and 1 case of thromboangiitis obliterans. The course of infection ranged from 1 to 27 years, with an average of 14.9 years. The healing condition and time of foot and ankle in all patients were recorded and compared, and the Wagner grading and WIFi (W: lower extremity wound classification; I: ischemic classification; Fi: foot infection classification) grading were compared before and at last follow-up.

RESULTS

The wound surface of 1 diabetic foot patient improved at 111 days after operation, without purulent secretion, and lost follow-up. The remaining 27 cases were followed up 5 to 21 months (mean, 8.4 months). There was no necrosis in the tibial osteotomy incision and the local flap. After operation, 21 cases showed needle reaction of external fixator, but the needle infection gradually improved after the corresponding treatment. Among the 24 patients with diabetic foot, 1 died of multiple organ failure due to pulmonary infection. Acute lower extremity vascular embolism occurred in 1 case, and the foot was amputated due to acute gangrene. In the remaining 22 cases, the wound healing time of foot and ankle was 2.5-11.0 months (mean, 4.6 months). At last follow-up, Wagner grading and WIFi grading of the patients were significantly improved when compared with those before operation ( P<0.05). One patient with thromboangiitis obliterans had foot and ankle healing at 6 months after operation. Two patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans had foot and ankle healing at 16 and 18 months after operation, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Tibial transverse transport combined with the antibiotics embedded bone cement is effective in treating chronic infection of foot and ankle with lower extremity ischemic diseases.

Computed tomography perfusion study evaluating the curative effect of tibial transverse transport in patients with severe diabetic foot

Background

The clinical treatment of patients with severe diabetic foot (DF) is difficult. Recently, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University began to apply tibial transverse transport (TTT) in patients with DF. This treatment has achieved significant effects, but its mechanism of action is unclear. Recently, microcirculation and the pathogenesis of diabetes have become the foci of research in this field. The evaluation of the possible mechanism of microcirculation reconstruction requires relevant indicators. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of computed tomography perfusion in evaluations of the curative effects of TTT and establish corresponding quantitative evaluation indicators.

Methods

Twelve patients with DF treated with TTT were recruited as the research participants. All diabetic feet were divided into the transport foot (TF) group and nontransport foot (NTF) group according to whether the patients underwent TTT. All patients underwent CT shuttle scanning preoperatively and 8 weeks after surgery. The shuttle scan data were transferred to Siemens VPCT body software and postprocessed with Customized Tumor2. We chose the TF posterior tibial artery from a distance of approximately 15 cm to the bifurcation of the plantar medial artery and the lateral plantar artery as the input artery. We selected the centre of the bilateral medial plantar muscle group on the coronal and axial regions of interest. We applied a deconvolution approach to obtain data from both sides of the plantar tissue perfusion. Skin temperature (ST) detection was performed with an ST gun to measure the average ST values in the dorsal and plantar areas, the first and fifth heads of the phalanges, and the medial and lateral malleolus points of both feet of patients with DF preoperatively and 8 weeks after surgery.

Results

The preoperative and postoperative ST values of the patients in the TF group were 30.73 ± 1.86 °C and 32.22 ± 1.51 °C, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative ST values for the patients in the NTF group were 30.93 ± 2.65 °C and 32.07 ± 2.09 °C, respectively. There were significant differences in the preoperative and postoperative data between the TF (P = 0.001) and NTF (P = 0.013) groups. In the patients with DF who underwent TTT, there were both preoperative and postoperative differences inside the medial plantar muscle group in the relative blood volume (rBV) value and relative mean transit time (rMTT) (P = 0.027, P = 0.026, respectively). The postoperative BV in the NTF group was increased compared with the preoperative BV (P = 0.006).

Conclusion

There were significant differences in relative BV, relative mean transit time, and ST between the two groups before and after surgery, and the postoperative BV in the NTF group and ST values in the two groups were increased compared with the preoperative values. The BV in the NTF group and the ST values in the two groups were effective indicators in evaluating the changes between preoperative and postoperative perfusion. These results indicate that TTT could increase plantar tissue perfusion as assessed by BV and ST; this increase was among the reasons for the surface healing of severe DF ulcers.

Translational potential of this article

Preoperative CT perfusion evaluation can provide relevant information of blood vessels and microcirculation for clinical operation, and postoperative CT perfusion evaluation can provide postoperative efficacy evaluation for clinical operation. All patients received information about the study and signed a specific informed consent. Approval for this study was granted by the regional ethics committee [Regional Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China [(2018-(KY-E-069].

Intermittent pneumatic compression reduces the risk of deep vein thrombosis during post-operative lower limb immobilisation

Deep vein thrombosis is a common complication of immobilising the lower limb after surgery. We hypothesised that intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) therapy in outpatients who had undergone surgical repair of acute ruptures of the Achilles tendon could reduce the incidence of this problem.

A total of 150 patients who had undergone surgical repair of the Achilles tendon were randomised to either treatment with IPC for six hours per day (n = 74) under an orthosis or treatment as usual (n = 74) in a plaster cast without IPC. At two weeks post-operatively, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was assessed using blinded, double-reported compression duplex ultrasound. At this point, IPC was discontinued and all patients were immobilised in an orthosis for a further four weeks. At six weeks post-operatively, a second compression duplex ultrasound scan was performed.

At two weeks, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 21% in the treated group and 37% in the control group (p = 0.042). Age over 39 years was found to be a strong risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (odds ratio (OR) = 4.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.14 to 10.96). Treatment with IPC, corrected for age differences between groups, reduced the risk of deep vein thrombosis at the two-week point (OR = 2.60; 95% CI 1.15 to 5.91; p =0.022). At six weeks, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 52% in the treated group and 48% in the control group (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.83). IPC appears to be an effective method of reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis in the early stages of post-operative immobilisation of outpatients. Further research is necessary to elucidate whether it can confer similar benefits over longer periods of immobilisation and in a more heterogeneous group of patients.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:675–80.