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Cai H, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Lu Q, Hong W, Guo Q, Zheng S. Miao medicine Gu Yan Xiao tincture inhibits mTOR to stimulate chondrocyte autophagy in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118095. [PMID: 38548121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Gu Yan Xiao tincture, a blend of traditional Chinese herbs, is traditionally used for osteoarthritis and related pain. This study investigated its mechanism of action in order to rationalize and validate its therapeutic use. AIM OF THE STUDY This study analyzed, in a rabbit model of knee osteoarthritis, whether and how Gu Yan Xiao tincture exerts therapeutic benefits by modulating chondrocyte autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active constituents within the GYX tincture were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The rabbit model was established by injecting animals with type II collagenase intra-articularly, and the effects of topically applied tincture were examined on osteoarthritis lesions of the knee using histopathology, micro-computed tomography and x-ray imaging. Effects of the tincture were also evaluated on levels of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteases, and autophagy in chondrocytes. As a positive control, animals were treated with sodium diclofenac. RESULTS The tincture mitigated the reduction in joint space, hyperplasia of the synovium and matrix metalloproteases in serum that occurred after injection of type II collagenase in rabbits. These therapeutic effects were associated with inhibition of mTOR and activation of autophagy in articular chondrocytes. Inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin potentiated the therapeutic effects of the tincture, while inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine antagonized them. CONCLUSIONS Gu Yan Xiao tincture mitigates tissue injury in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis, at least in part by inhibiting mTOR and thereby promoting autophagy in chondrocytes. These results rationalize the use of the tincture not only against osteoarthritis but also potentially other diseases involving inhibition of autophagy in bones and joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Cai
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yuhao Zheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yinying Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Wu Hong
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Qiucheng Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Shuguang Zheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Bei M, Zheng Z, Xiao Y, Liu N, Cao X, Tian F, Zhang L, Wu X. Effects of alendronate on cartilage lesions and micro-architecture deterioration of subchondral bone in patellofemoral osteoarthritic ovariectomized rats with patella-baja. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:197. [PMID: 38528611 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFJOA) is a subtype of knee OA, which is one of the main causes of anterior knee pain. The current study found an increased prevalence of OA in postmenopausal women, called postmenopausal OA. Therefore, we designed the ovariectomized rat model of patella baja-induced PFJOA. Alendronate (ALN) inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone loss, and has been reported the favorable result of a potential intervention option of OA treatment. However, the potential effects of ALN treatment on PFJOA in the ovariectomized rat model are unknown and need further investigation prior to exploration in the clinical research setting. In this study, the effects of ALN on articular cartilage degradation and subchondral bone microstructure were assessed in the ovariectomized PFJOA rat model for 10 weeks. METHODS Patella baja and estrogen withdrawal were induced by patellar ligament shortening (PLS) and bilateral ovariectmomy surgeries in 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. Rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8): Sham + V; OVX + V, Sham + PLS + V, OVX + PLS + V, OVX + PLS + ALN (ALN: 70 μg/kg/week). Radiography was performed to evaluate patellar height ratios, and the progression of PFJOA was assessed by macroscopic and microscopic analyses, immunohistochemistry and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). RESULTS Our results found that the patella baja model prepared by PLS can successfully cause degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, resulting in changes of PFJOA. OVX caused a decrease in estrogen levels in rats, which aggravated the joint degeneration caused by PFJOA. Early application of ALN can delay the degenerative changes of articular cartilage and subchondral bone microstructure in castrated PFJOA rat to a certain extent, improve and maintain the micrometabolism and structural changes of cartilage and subchondral bone. CONCLUSION The early application of ALN can delay the destruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone microstructure in castrated PFJOA rat to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Bei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Xinjiekoudongjie 31, Xicheng Dis, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Xiao
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 241, Pengliuyang Road, Wuhan, 430000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehui Cao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Faming Tian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Emergency General Hospital, Xibahenanli 29, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbao Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Xinjiekoudongjie 31, Xicheng Dis, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Wu C, Zhao X, Tan H, Li C, Deng Y, Chen X, Wu Y, Tian N, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Sun L. 20-Deoxyingenol alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by activating TFEB in nucleus pulposus cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115865. [PMID: 37863322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent degenerative disease with significant adverse implications for patients' quality of life and socioeconomic status. Although the precise etiology of IVDD remains elusive, the senescence of nucleus pulposus cells is recognized as the primary pathogenic factor of IVDD; however, drugs that may targetedly inhibit senescence are still lacking. In the current study, we evaluated the small-molecule active drug 20-Deoxyingenol(20-DOI) for its effects on combating senescence and delaying the progression of IVDD. In vitro experiments revealed that the administration of 20-DOI displayed inhibitory effects on senescence and the senescence-related cGAS-STING pathway of nucleus pulposus cells. Additionally, it exhibited the ability to enhance lysosome activity and promote autophagy flux within nucleus pulposus cells. Subsequent investigations elucidated that the inhibitory impact of 20-DOI on nucleus pulposus cell senescence was mediated through the autophagy-lysosome pathway. This effect was diminished in the presence of transcription factor EB (TFEB) small hairpin RNA (shRNA), thereby confirming the regulatory role of 20-DOI on the autophagy-lysosome pathway and senescence through TFEB. In vivo experiments demonstrated that 20-DOI effectively impeded the progression ofIVDD in rats. These findings collectively illustrate that 20-DOI may facilitate the autophagy-lysosomal pathway by activating TFEB, thereby suppressing the senescence in nucleus pulposus cells, thus suggesting 20-DOI as a promising therapeutic approach for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongye Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenchao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuxin Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ximiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Naifeng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Liaojun Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Singh S, Barik D, Lawrie K, Mohapatra I, Prasad S, Naqvi AR, Singh A, Singh G. Unveiling Novel Avenues in mTOR-Targeted Therapeutics: Advancements in Glioblastoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14960. [PMID: 37834408 PMCID: PMC10573615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTOR signaling pathway plays a pivotal and intricate role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, driving tumorigenesis and proliferation. Mutations or deletions in the PTEN gene constitutively activate the mTOR pathway by expressing growth factors EGF and PDGF, which activate their respective receptor pathways (e.g., EGFR and PDGFR). The convergence of signaling pathways, such as the PI3K-AKT pathway, intensifies the effect of mTOR activity. The inhibition of mTOR has the potential to disrupt diverse oncogenic processes and improve patient outcomes. However, the complexity of the mTOR signaling, off-target effects, cytotoxicity, suboptimal pharmacokinetics, and drug resistance of the mTOR inhibitors pose ongoing challenges in effectively targeting glioblastoma. Identifying innovative treatment strategies to address these challenges is vital for advancing the field of glioblastoma therapeutics. This review discusses the potential targets of mTOR signaling and the strategies of target-specific mTOR inhibitor development, optimized drug delivery system, and the implementation of personalized treatment approaches to mitigate the complications of mTOR inhibitors. The exploration of precise mTOR-targeted therapies ultimately offers elevated therapeutic outcomes and the development of more effective strategies to combat the deadliest form of adult brain cancer and transform the landscape of glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Debashis Barik
- Center for Computational Natural Science and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Karl Lawrie
- College of Saint Benedict, Saint John’s University, Collegeville, MN 56321, USA
| | - Iteeshree Mohapatra
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sujata Prasad
- MLM Medical Laboratories, LLC, Oakdale, MN 55128, USA
| | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amar Singh
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gatikrushna Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Yu H, Gong Z, Wang G, Cao R, Yin H, Ma L, Guo A. DHA attenuates cartilage degeneration by mediating apoptosis and autophagy in human chondrocytes and rat models of osteoarthritis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:455-466. [PMID: 37450265 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that usually occurs in the elderly, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays a therapeutic role in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of DHA on hypertrophic differentiation and senescence of OA chondrocytes to provide a theoretical basis for the effect of OA clinical treatment. A human OA chondrocyte model was established by IL-1β, and a rat model of OA was established by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection and medial meniscectomy. The result showed DHA promoted chondrocyte proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that there were more autophagosomes in the cytoplasm under the treatment of DHA. Compared to the OA group, samples from the OA + DHA group showed thickened cartilage, reduced degeneration, and an increased rate of collagen II-positive cells, while the Mankin score was significantly lower. In addition, DHA decreased the expression of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and the ratio of light chain 3-I/II (LC3-I/II) and increased the expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 measured by western blot analysis. Therefore, DHA promotes chondrocyte proliferation, reduces apoptosis, and increases autophagy in OA chondrocytes, a process that is accomplished by inhibiting the expression of mTOR, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 signaling pathways, providing new perspectives and bootstrap points for the prevention and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, Xicheng Distinct, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zishun Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, Xicheng Distinct, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqi Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, Xicheng Distinct, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyong Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, Xicheng Distinct, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, Xicheng Distinct, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yongan Road 95, Xicheng Distinct, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Qian Z, Gao X, Jin X, Kang X, Wu S. Cartilage-specific deficiency of clock gene Bmal1 accelerated articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis by up-regulation of mTORC1 signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109692. [PMID: 36628892 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although a growing body of studies recently demonstrated that circadian clock gene Bmal1 plays an important role in cartilage development and homeostasis, evidence regarding the contribution of Bmal1 in articular cartilage of OA progression is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the direct role of Bmal1 in articular cartilage homeostasis during OA progression using tamoxifen-induced cartilage-specific knockout mice. We found that the expression of BMAL1 was decreased in OA-damaged and aging cartilage tissues. Cartilage-specific deletion of Bmal1 promoted cartilage degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis, and inhibited chondrocyte anabolism in OA mice, leading to acceleration of articular cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation during OA progression. Mechanistic study indicated that loss of Bmal1 resulted in hyperactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1) signaling in OA cartilage, and pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 signaling pathway by rapamycin alleviated partially Bmal1 ablation-induced cartilage degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis in ex vivo OA model. Therefore, our results provide the evidence of a vital role for Bmal1 in cartilage degradation in post-traumatic OA by partially regulating the mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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van der Kraan PM. Collagenase-Induced Osteoarthritis in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2598:375-379. [PMID: 36355306 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2839-3_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The collagenase-induced experimental osteoarthritis model is in general applied in mice but can also be used in other small species. The model is mainly based on the induction of joint laxity but has also a major inflammatory component. In this chapter, the induction is described by two injections of collagenase at the start of the model. Investigators who will use this model have to have ample experience in intra-articular injection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Interdisciplinary Consortium for Clinical Movement Sciences and Technology (ICMS), Radboud Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Cao R, Yu H, Long H, Zhang H, Hao C, Shi L, Du Y, Jiao S, Guo A, Ma L, Wang Z. Low Deacetylation Degree Chitosan Oligosaccharide Protects against IL-1β Induced Inflammation and Enhances Autophagy Activity in Human Chondrocytes. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 33:517-531. [PMID: 34704529 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1996962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, which can lead to joint pain, stiffness, deformity and dysfunction, that seriously affects the quality of life in patients. At present, the treatments of OA mainly include early pharmacological treatment and late joint replacement. However, current pharmacological treatment has limited efficacy and undesired side effects.Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a kind of nontoxic and biodegradable oligo-saccharide, which is composed of 2-20 glucosamine or N-acetylglucosamine linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bond. Studies have shown that COS has significant biological properties like antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor, as well as immunoregulation ability. However, the effects of COS on OA have not been clarified. In this study, we explored the protective effects of COS with different degrees of deacetylation on chondrocytes stimulated by interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in vitro.The results showed that IL-1β inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Besides that, IL-1β increased the expression of the major chondro-degrading genes MMP13 and ADAMTS-5, while decreased the expression of COL2A and ACAN. COS with different degrees of deacetylation (HDACOS, MDACOS, LDACOS) had different effects on IL-1β induced inflammation. LDACOS had the most obvious anti-inflammatory effects to inhibit the expression of MMP13 and ADAMTS-5 while promoted the expression of COL2A and ACAN. In addition, we found that the expression of autophagy-related gene Beclin-1 was up-regulated, and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was increased in the LDACOS group. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the number of intracellular autophagosomes increased significantly with the treatment of LDACOS. Based on our research, we suggested that LDACOS could inhibit chondrocytes inflammation and promote cell autophagy, and might be a protective drug for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haomiao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huibin Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Du
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Jiao
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Minton DM, Elliehausen CJ, Javors MA, Santangelo KS, Konopka AR. Rapamycin-induced hyperglycemia is associated with exacerbated age-related osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:253. [PMID: 34620223 PMCID: PMC8495984 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine if mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition with or without AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation can protect against primary, age-related OA. DESIGN Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs develop mild primary OA pathology by 5 months of age that progresses to moderate OA by 8 months of age. At 5 months, guinea pigs served as young control (n = 3) or were fed either a control diet (n = 8), a diet enriched with the mTOR-inhibitor rapamycin (Rap, 14 ppm, n = 8), or Rap with the AMPK-activator metformin (Rap+Met, 1000 ppm, n = 8) for 12 weeks. Knee joints were evaluated by OARSI scoring, micro-computed tomography, and immunohistochemistry. Glenohumeral articular cartilage was collected for western blotting. RESULTS Rap- and Rap+Met-treated guinea pigs displayed lower body weight than control. Rap and Rap+Met inhibited articular cartilage mTORC1 but not mTORC2 signaling. Rap+Met, but not Rap alone, stimulated AMPK. Despite lower body weight and articular cartilage mTORC1 inhibition, Rap- and Rap+Met-treated guinea pigs had greater OA severity in the medial tibial plateau due to articular cartilage structural damage and/or proteoglycan loss. Rap and Rap+Met increased plasma glucose compared to control. Plasma glucose concentration was positively correlated with proteoglycan loss, suggesting hyperglycemic stress after Rap treatment was related to worsened OA. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that Rap induced increase in plasma glucose was associated with greater OA severity. Further, articular cartilage mTORC1 inhibition and bodyweight reduction by dietary Rap and Rap+Met did not appear to protect against primary OA during the prevailing hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Minton
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois , USA
| | - Christian J Elliehausen
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois , USA
| | - Martin A Javors
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam R Konopka
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois , USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in a model of age-related osteoarthritis is impaired after dietary rapamycin. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111579. [PMID: 34601078 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is associated with the loss of skeletal muscle size and function during knee osteoarthritis (OA). We have recently reported that 12-weeks of dietary rapamycin (Rap, 14 ppm), with or without metformin (Met, 1000 ppm), increased plasma glucose and OA severity in male Dunkin Hartley (DH) guinea pigs, a model of naturally occurring, age-related OA. The purpose of the current study was to determine if increased OA severity after dietary Rap and Rap+Met was accompanied by impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial respiration and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emissions were evaluated in permeabilized muscle fibers via high-resolution respirometry and fluorometry using either a saturating bolus or titration of ADP. Rap and Rap+Met decreased complex I (CI)-linked respiration and tended to increase ADP sensitivity, consistent with previous findings in patients with end-stage OA. The decrease in CI-linked respiration was accompanied with lower CI protein abundance. Rap and Rap+Met did not change mitochondrial H2O2 emissions. There were no differences between mitochondrial function in Rap versus Rap+Met suggesting that Rap was likely driving the change in mitochondrial function. This is the first inquiry into how lifespan extending treatments Rap and Rap+Met can influence skeletal muscle mitochondria in a model of age-related OA. Collectively, our data suggest that Rap with or without Met inhibits CI-linked capacity and increases ADP sensitivity in DH guinea pigs that have greater OA severity.
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11
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Perez-Tejeiro JM, Csukasi F. DEPTOR in Skeletal Development and Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:667283. [PMID: 34122519 PMCID: PMC8191632 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.667283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered in 2009, the DEP-domain containing mTOR-interacting protein, DEPTOR, is a known regulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), an evolutionarily conserved kinase that regulates diverse cellular processes in response to environmental stimuli. DEPTOR was originally identified as a negative regulator of mTOR complexes 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2). However, recent discoveries have started to unravel the roles of DEPTOR in mTOR-independent responses. In the past few years, mTOR emerged as an important regulator of skeletal development, growth, and homeostasis; the dysregulation of its activity contributes to the development of several skeletal diseases, both chronic and genetic. Even more recently, several groups have reported on the relevance of DEPTOR in skeletal biology through its action on mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent pathways. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of DEPTOR in skeletal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Perez-Tejeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, IBIMA, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fabiana Csukasi
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, IBIMA, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Málaga, Spain
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12
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Yuan S, Zhang J, Zhang D, Wei D, Zuo J, Song J, Yu B, Liu HM. Cu(OTf) 2-Catalyzed Intramolecular Radical Cascade Reactions for the Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Quinoline-Annulated Polyheterocyclic Frameworks. Org Lett 2021; 23:1445-1450. [PMID: 33560123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Compound libraries with high levels of structural diversity and novelty could cover underexploited chemical space and thus have been highly pursued in drug discovery. Herein, we report the first Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed intramolecular radical cascade reactions that enable the diversity-oriented synthesis of quinoline-annulated polyheterocyclic compounds (7 unique scaffolds, 66 examples) in an efficient manner. This work demonstrates an alternative route to access the natural product- and druglike compound collection with high levels of structural diversity and novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingya Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Danqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiahui Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Science Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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13
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Saghati S, Nasrabadi HT, Khoshfetrat AB, Moharamzadeh K, Hassani A, Mohammadi SM, Rahbarghazi R, Fathi Karkan S. Tissue Engineering Strategies to Increase Osteochondral Regeneration of Stem Cells; a Close Look at Different Modalities. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1294-1311. [PMID: 33547591 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of osteochondral tissue is tightly controlled by articular cartilage chondrocytes and underlying subchondral bone osteoblasts via different internal and external clues. As a correlate, the osteochondral region is frequently exposed to physical forces and mechanical pressure. On this basis, distinct sets of substrates and physicochemical properties of the surrounding matrix affect the regeneration capacity of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Stem cells are touted as an alternative cell source for the alleviation of osteochondral diseases. These cells appropriately respond to the physicochemical properties of different biomaterials. This review aimed to address some of the essential factors which participate in the chondrogenic and osteogenic capacity of stem cells. Elements consisted of biomechanical forces, electrical fields, and biochemical and physical properties of the extracellular matrix are the major determinant of stem cell differentiation capacity. It is suggested that an additional certain mechanism related to signal-transduction pathways could also mediate the chondro-osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. The discovery of these clues can enable us to modulate the regeneration capacity of stem cells in osteochondral injuries and lead to the improvement of more operative approaches using tissue engineering modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saghati
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Baradar Khoshfetrat
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayla Hassani
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Momeneh Mohammadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sonia Fathi Karkan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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TFEB Biology and Agonists at a Glance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020333. [PMID: 33562649 PMCID: PMC7914707 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical regulator of cellular survival, differentiation, development, and homeostasis, dysregulation of which is associated with diverse diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master transcriptional regulator of autophagy and lysosome, can enhance autophagic and lysosomal biogenesis and function. TFEB has attracted a lot of attention owing to its ability to induce the intracellular clearance of pathogenic factors in a variety of disease models, suggesting that novel therapeutic strategies could be based on the modulation of TFEB activity. Therefore, TFEB agonists are a promising strategy to ameliorate diseases implicated with autophagy dysfunction. Recently, several TFEB agonists have been identified and preclinical or clinical trials are applied. In this review, we present an overview of the latest research on TFEB biology and TFEB agonists.
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15
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Cha M, Choi S, Kim K, Lee BH. Manganese-enhanced MRI depicts a reduction in brain responses to nociception upon mTOR inhibition in chronic pain rats. Mol Brain 2020; 13:158. [PMID: 33267907 PMCID: PMC7713325 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain induced by a nerve injury can lead to chronic pain. Recent studies have reported hyperactive neural activities in the nociceptive-related area of the brain as a result of chronic pain. Although cerebral activities associated with hyperalgesia and allodynia in chronic pain models are difficult to represent with functional imaging techniques, advances in manganese (Mn)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) could facilitate the visualization of the activation of pain-specific neural responses in the cerebral cortex. In order to investigate the alleviation of pain nociception by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) modulation, we observed cerebrocortical excitability changes and compared regional Mn2+ enhancement after mTOR inhibition. At day 7 after nerve injury, drugs were applied into the intracortical area, and drug (Vehicle, Torin1, and XL388) effects were compared within groups using MEMRI. Therein, signal intensities of the insular cortex (IC), primary somatosensory cortex of the hind limb region, motor cortex 1/2, and anterior cingulate cortex regions were significantly reduced after application of mTOR inhibitors (Torin1 and XL388). Furthermore, rostral-caudal analysis of the IC indicated that the rostral region of the IC was more strongly associated with pain perception than the caudal region. Our data suggest that MEMRI can depict pain-related signal changes in the brain and that mTOR inhibition is closely correlated with pain modulation in chronic pain rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songyeon Choi
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Lund-Ricard Y, Cormier P, Morales J, Boutet A. mTOR Signaling at the Crossroad between Metazoan Regeneration and Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2718. [PMID: 32295297 PMCID: PMC7216262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in medical research resides in controlling the molecular processes of tissue regeneration, as organ and structure damage are central to several human diseases. A survey of the literature reveals that mTOR (mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin) is involved in a wide range of regeneration mechanisms in the animal kingdom. More particularly, cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and differentiation are controlled by mTOR. In addition, autophagy, stem cell maintenance or the newly described intermediate quiescence state, Galert, imply upstream monitoring by the mTOR pathway. In this review, we report the role of mTOR signaling in reparative regenerations in different tissues and body parts (e.g., axon, skeletal muscle, liver, epithelia, appendages, kidney, and whole-body), and highlight how the mTOR kinase can be viewed as a therapeutic target to boost organ repair. Studies in this area have focused on modulating the mTOR pathway in various animal models to elucidate its contribution to regeneration. The diversity of metazoan species used to identify the implication of this pathway might then serve applied medicine (in better understanding what is required for efficient treatments in human diseases) but also evolutionary biology. Indeed, species-specific differences in mTOR modulation can contain the keys to appreciate why certain regeneration processes have been lost or conserved in the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnès Boutet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), UMR 8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France; (Y.L.-R.); (P.C.); (J.M.)
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17
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Kim K, Choi S, Cha M, Lee BH. Effects of mTOR inhibitors on neuropathic pain revealed by optical imaging of the insular cortex in rats. Brain Res 2020; 1733:146720. [PMID: 32061737 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the pain matrix, the insular cortex (IC) is mainly involved in discriminative sensory and motivative emotion. Abnormal signal transmission from injury site causes neuropathic pain, which generates enhanced synaptic plasticity. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex is the key regulator of protein synthesis; it is involved in the modulation of synaptic plasticity. To date, there has been no report on the changes in optical signals in the IC under neuropathic condition after treatment with mTOR inhibitors, such as Torin1 and XL388. Therefore, we aimed to determine the pain-relieving effect of mTOR inhibitors (Torin1 and XL388) and observe the changes in optical signals in the IC after treatment. Mechanical threshold was measured in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats after neuropathic surgery, and therapeutic effect of inhibitors was assessed on post-operative day 7 following the microinjection of Torin1 or XL388 into the IC. Optical signals were acquired to observe the neuronal activity of the IC in response to peripheral stimulation before and after treatment with mTOR inhibitors. Consequently, the inhibitors showed the most effective alleviation 4 h after microinjection into the IC. In optical imaging, peak amplitudes of optical signals and areas of activated regions were reduced after treatment with Torin1 and XL388. However, there were no significant optical signal changes in the IC before and after vehicle application. These findings suggested that Torin1 and XL388 are associated with the alleviation of neuronal activity that is excessively manifested in the IC, and is assumed to diminish synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyeon Choi
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Choi S, Kim K, Cha M, Kim M, Lee BH. mTOR signaling intervention by Torin1 and XL388 in the insular cortex alleviates neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2020; 718:134742. [PMID: 31917234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a kinase regulator of protein synthesis, has been implicated in the development of chronic pain. The mTOR comprises two distinct protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Although effective inhibitors of mTORC1 and C2 have been developed, studies on the effect of these inhibitors related to pain modulation are still lacking. This study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effects of Torin1 and XL388 in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Seven days after neuropathic surgery, Torin1 or XL388 were microinjected into the insular cortex (IC) of nerve-injured animals and behavioral changes were assessed. Administration of Torin1 or XL388 into the IC significantly increased mechanical thresholds and reduced mechanical allodynia. At the immunoblotting results, Torin1 and XL388 significantly reduced phosphorylation of mTOR, 4E-BP1, p70S6K, and PKCα, without affecting Akt. These results strongly suggest that Torin1 and XL388 may attenuate neuropathic pain via inhibition of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyeon Choi
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Wang F, Liu J, Chen X, Zheng X, Qu N, Zhang B, Xia C. IL-1β receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) combined with autophagy inducer (TAT-Beclin1) is an effective alternative for attenuating extracellular matrix degradation in rat and human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:171. [PMID: 31291980 PMCID: PMC6617669 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy induction is an effective approach for OA therapy. IL-1β is one of the major inflammatory cytokines linked to OA pathological progression, and its receptor blockade interrupts OA cartilage destruction. The objective of this study was to decipher the link between autophagy and regulatory mechanism of IL-1β and to investigate the effect of IL-1β receptor blockade by IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) combined with or without an autophagy inducer (TAT-Beclin1) on extracellular matrix (ECM) in OA chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Methods IL-1β-treated rat and human OA chondrocytes were cultured in response to IL-1Ra. The expression and distribution of signal molecules regulating ECM synthesis and autophagy were investigated via western blotting, immunoprecipitation, real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscope technique. Furthermore, after intra-articular injection of IL-1Ra, TAT-Beclin1, and a combination of both in a rat OA model established by anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscus resection, the morphological changes of cartilage and related signal molecule expression levels were monitored using H.E., Safranin O-Fast green, and immunohistochemistry staining. Results Reduced autophagy by IL-1β contributed to ECM degradation, and blockade of IL-1β by IL-1Ra restored autophagy and attenuated ECM degradation in rat and human OA chondrocytes, as well as in a rat OA model. Akt/mTOR/ULK1, Akt/mTOR/NF-κB, and LC3B deacetylation were involved in autophagy regulated by IL-1β. Intra-articular injection of IL-1Ra combined with TAT-Beclin1 was more effective than IL-1Ra alone. Conclusions IL-1Ra restored autophagy and attenuated ECM degradation, with an implication that blocking IL-1β combined with enhancing autophagy might be a potential therapeutic strategy for OA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1952-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jijie Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Xinpeng Zheng
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China
| | - Ning Qu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Chun Xia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China.
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20
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Zhang M, Lu Q, Budden T, Wang J. NFAT1 protects articular cartilage against osteoarthritic degradation by directly regulating transcription of specific anabolic and catabolic genes. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:90-100. [PMID: 30915215 PMCID: PMC6397328 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.82.bjr-2018-0114.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adult mice lacking the transcription factor NFAT1 exhibit osteoarthritis (OA). The precise molecular mechanism for NFAT1 deficiency-induced osteoarthritic cartilage degradation remains to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate if NFAT1 protects articular cartilage (AC) against OA by directly regulating the transcription of specific catabolic and anabolic genes in articular chondrocytes. Methods Through a combined approach of gene expression analysis and web-based searching of NFAT1 binding sequences, 25 candidate target genes that displayed aberrant expression in Nfat1 -/- AC at the initiation stage of OA, and possessed at least four NFAT1 binding sites in the promoter of each gene, were selected and tested for NFAT1 transcriptional activities by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and promoter luciferase reporter assays using chondrocytes isolated from the AC of three- to four-month-old wild-type mice or Nfat1 -/- mice with early OA phenotype. Results Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that NFAT1 bound directly to the promoter of 21 of the 25 tested genes encoding cartilage-matrix proteins, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, matrix-degrading proteinases, and specific transcription factors. Promoter luciferase reporter assays of representative anabolic and catabolic genes demonstrated that NFAT1-DNA binding functionally regulated the luciferase activity of specific target genes in wild-type chondrocytes, but not in Nfat1 -/- chondrocytes or in wild-type chondrocytes transfected with plasmids containing mutated NFAT1 binding sequences. Conclusion NFAT1 protects AC against degradation by directly regulating the transcription of target genes in articular chondrocytes. NFAT1 deficiency causes defective transcription of specific anabolic and catabolic genes in articular chondrocytes, leading to increased matrix catabolism and osteoarthritic cartilage degradation.Cite this article: M. Zhang, Q. Lu, T. Budden, J. Wang. NFAT1 protects articular cartilage against osteoarthritic degradation by directly regulating transcription of specific anabolic and catabolic genes. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:90-100. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.82.BJR-2018-0114.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery; The Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Q Lu
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of KansasMedical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - T Budden
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of KansasMedical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - J Wang
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery; and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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21
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Busse P, Vater C, Stiehler M, Nowotny J, Kasten P, Bretschneider H, Goodman SB, Gelinsky M, Zwingenberger S. Cytotoxicity of drugs injected into joints in orthopaedics. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:41-48. [PMID: 30915209 PMCID: PMC6397327 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.82.bjr-2018-0099.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Intra-articular injections of local anaesthetics (LA), glucocorticoids (GC), or hyaluronic acid (HA) are used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Contrast agents (CA) are needed to prove successful intra-articular injection or aspiration, or to visualize articular structures dynamically during fluoroscopy. Tranexamic acid (TA) is used to control haemostasis and prevent excessive intra-articular bleeding. Despite their common usage, little is known about the cytotoxicity of common drugs injected into joints. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the effects of LA, GC, HA, CA, and TA on the viability of primary human chondrocytes and tenocytes in vitro. Methods Human chondrocytes and tenocytes were cultured in a medium with three different drug dilutions (1:2; 1:10; 1:100). The following drugs were used to investigate cytotoxicity: lidocaine hydrochloride 1%; bupivacaine 0.5%; triamcinolone acetonide; dexamethasone 21-palmitate; TA; iodine contrast media; HA; and distilled water. Normal saline served as a control. After an incubation period of 24 hours, cell numbers and morphology were assessed. Results Using LA or GC, especially triamcinolone acetonide, a dilution of 1:100 resulted in only a moderate reduction of viability, while a dilution of 1:10 showed significantly fewer cell counts. TA and CA reduced viability significantly at a dilution of 1:2. Higher dilutions did not affect viability. Notably, HA showed no effects of cytotoxicity in all drug dilutions. Conclusion The toxicity of common intra-articular injectable drugs, assessed by cell viability, is mainly dependent on the dilution of the drug being tested. LA are particularly toxic, whereas HA did not affect cell viability. Cite this article: P. Busse, C. Vater, M. Stiehler, J. Nowotny, P. Kasten, H. Bretschneider, S. B. Goodman, M. Gelinsky, S. Zwingenberger. Cytotoxicity of drugs injected into joints in orthopaedics. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:41–48. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.82.BJR-2018-0099.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Busse
- University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Vater
- University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Stiehler
- University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Nowotny
- University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Kasten
- Orthopädisch-Chirurgisches Centrum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Bretschneider
- University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S B Goodman
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - M Gelinsky
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Zwingenberger
- University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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22
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Zhou Y, Chen X, Qu N, Zhang B, Xia C. Chondroprotection of PPARα activation by WY14643 via autophagy involving Akt and ERK in LPS-treated mouse chondrocytes and osteoarthritis model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2782-2793. [PMID: 30729704 PMCID: PMC6433667 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy maintains cellular homoeostasis. The enhancement of autophagy in chondrocytes could prevent osteoarthritis (OA) progression in articular cartilage. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activation may also protect articular chondrocytes against cartilage degradation in OA. However, whether the protective effect of activated PPARα is associated with autophagy induction in chondrocytes is not determined. In this study, we investigated the effect of PPARα activation by its agonist, WY14643, on the protein expression level of Aggrecan and ADAMTS5, and the protein expression level of autophagy biomarkers, including LC3B and P62, using Western blotting analysis in isolated mouse chondrocytes pre-treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, mimicking OA chondrocytes) with or without the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine diphosphate salt. Furthermore, Akt and ERK phosphorylation was detected in LPS-treated chondrocytes in response to WY14643. In addition, the effect of intra-articularly injected WY14643 on articular cartilage in a mouse OA model established by the destabilization of the medial meniscus was assessed using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histopathology assessment system, along with the detection of Aggrecan, ADAMTS5, LC3B and P62 protein levels using immunohistochemistry assay. The results indicated that PPARα activation by WY14643 promoted proteoglycan synthesis by autophagy enhancement in OA chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro concomitant with the elevation of Akt and ERK phosphorylation. Therefore, autophagy could contribute to the chondroprotection of PPARα activation by WY14643, with the implication that PPARα activation by WY14643 may be a potential approach for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ning Qu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Xia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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23
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Xiang W, Jiang T, Hao X, Wang R, Yao X, Sun K, Guo F, Xu T. Primary cilia and autophagy interaction is involved in mechanical stress mediated cartilage development via ERK/mTOR axis. Life Sci 2019; 218:308-313. [PMID: 30610869 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Biomechanical reactivity is a special property of chondrocytes and mechanical stress can affect the development of cartilage. Primary cilia have been proved a cellular sensory which can detect physical and chemical stimuli extracellular and initiate multiple signaling transduction. Autophagy is an important environmental adaptive mechanism for cells maintenance of homeostasis. The aims of this study were to detect whether there is an interaction between primary cilia and autophagy in the regulation of mechanical stress-mediated cartilage development and to explore the underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS In this study, chondrocytes were treated with cyclic tensile strain (CTS) by the four-point bending system. Chondrocytes viability, proliferation and differentiation capacities were analyzed by western blot and live/dead assays after CTS of different intensities. Meanwhile, primary cilia incidence and length changes, and autophagy expression were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The primary cilia and autophagy interaction regulation and the underlying mechanism were detected by immunofluorescence double staining and western blot. KEY FINDINGS Mechanical stress could affect chondrocytes proliferation, phenotype and viability in an intensity dependent manner. The incidence and length of primary cilia as well as autophagy expression could be regulated by CTS. The integrity of primary cilia structure is vital for mechanical stress regulated ERK/mTOR signaling transduction and autophagy expression in chondrocyte. SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate that mechanical stress could affect the interaction between primary cilia and autophagy and help to reveal the underlying mechanism of stress regulated cartilage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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24
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Autophagy Is Independent of the Chondroprotection Induced by Platelet-Rich Plasma Releasate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9726703. [PMID: 30140705 PMCID: PMC6081522 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9726703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to be a promising therapeutic agent against osteoarthritis (OA), whereas its chondroprotection mechanism is not fully elucidated. Autophagy is considered an important biological process throughout the development of OA. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to investigate the role of autophagy in the chondroprotection and compare the effects of releasate between L-PRP and P-PRP. Methods PRP were prepared from rat blood. Rat chondrocytes pretreated in the presence or absence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were incubated with PRP releasate. The expressions of OA-related genes and autophagy-related genes were determined by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Autophagic bodies were assessed by transmission electron microscopy and the autophagy flux was monitored under the confocal microscopy. The effect of PRP on autophagy was further investigated in the milieu of autophagy activator, rapamycin, or autophagy inhibition by downregulation of Atg5. The effect of PRP on cartilage repair and autophagy was also evaluated in an OA rat model. Results In vitro, PRP releasate increased the expression of the anabolic genes, COL2 and Aggrecan, and decreased the expression of the catabolic genes, whereas the expression of autophage markers, Atg5 and Beclin-1, as well as the ratio of LC3 II/LC3 I, was not significantly altered in normal or IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Similar expression pattern was found following the activation (rapamycin) or inhibition (Atg5 silencing) of autophagy. In vivo, PRP releasate ameliorated posttraumatic cartilage degeneration while the expression of LC3 was comparable to that in the vehicle treatment group. Conclusions PRP releasate promoted the anabolic gene expression, relieved inflammatory stress in chondrocytes, and ameliorated cartilage degeneration, but autophagy was independent of these processes.
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25
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Meng Z, Shen B, Gu Y, Wu Z, Yao J, Bian Y, Zeng D, Chen K, Cheng S, Fu J, Peng L, Zhao Y. Diazoxide ameliorates severity of experimental osteoarthritis by activating autophagy via modulation of the osteoarthritis-related biomarkers. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8922-8936. [PMID: 29953665 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy plays a protective role in chondrocytes and prevents cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diazoxide on chondrocyte death and cartilage degeneration and to determine whether these effects are correlated to autophagy in experimental OA. In this study, a cellular OA model was established by stimulating SW1353 cells with interleukin 1β. A rat OA model was generated by transecting the anterior cruciate ligament combined with the resection of the medial menisci, followed by treatment with diazoxide or diazoxide combination with 3-methyladenine. The percentage of viable cells was evaluated using calcein-acetoxymethyl/propidium iodide double staining. The messenger RNA expression levels of collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cartilage thickness and joint space were evaluated using ultrasound. SW1353 cell degeneration and autophagosomes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), beclin-1, P62, COL2A1, and MMP-13 were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. Diazoxide significantly attenuated articular cartilage degeneration and SW1353 cell death in experimental OA. The restoration of autophagy was observed in the diazoxide-treated group. The beneficial effects of diazoxide were markedly blocked by 3-methyladenine. Diazoxide treatment also modulated the expression levels of OA-related biomarkers. These results demonstrated that diazoxide exerted a chondroprotective effect and attenuated cartilage degeneration by restoring autophagy via modulation of OA-related biomarkers in experimental OA. Diazoxide treatment might be a promising therapeutic approach to prevent the development of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhuLong Meng
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - BiXin Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - YunTao Gu
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - ZiQuan Wu
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - JiangLing Yao
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - YangYang Bian
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - DeLu Zeng
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - KeWei Chen
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - ShaoWen Cheng
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - YingZheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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26
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Vinatier C, Domínguez E, Guicheux J, Caramés B. Role of the Inflammation-Autophagy-Senescence Integrative Network in Osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:706. [PMID: 29988615 PMCID: PMC6026810 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disease causing chronic disability in adults. Studying cartilage aging, chondrocyte senescence, inflammation, and autophagy mechanisms have identified promising targets and pathways with clinical translatability potential. In this review, we highlight the most recent mechanistic and therapeutic preclinical models of aging with particular relevance in the context of articular cartilage and OA. Evidence supporting the role of metabolism, nuclear receptors and transcription factors, cell senescence, and circadian rhythms in the development of musculoskeletal system degeneration assure further translational efforts. This information might be useful not only to propose hypothesis and advanced models to study the molecular mechanisms underlying joint degeneration, but also to translate our knowledge into novel disease-modifying therapies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vinatier
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, University of Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France.,University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Eduardo Domínguez
- Biofarma Research Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jerome Guicheux
- INSERM, UMR 1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, University of Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France.,University of Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Beatriz Caramés
- Grupo de Biología del Cartílago, Servicio de Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, Sergas, A Coruña, Spain
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27
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Nishida K, Matsushita T, Takayama K, Tanaka T, Miyaji N, Ibaraki K, Araki D, Kanzaki N, Matsumoto T, Kuroda R. Intraperitoneal injection of the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 attenuates the progression of experimental osteoarthritis in mice. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:252-262. [PMID: 29922443 PMCID: PMC5987681 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.73.bjr-2017-0227.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to examine the effects of SRT1720, a potent SIRT1 activator, on osteoarthritis (OA) progression using an experimental OA model. Methods Osteoarthritis was surgically induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus in eight-week-old C57BL/6 male mice. SRT1720 was administered intraperitoneally twice a week after surgery. Osteoarthritis progression was evaluated histologically using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score at four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks. The expression of SIRT1, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5), cleaved caspase-3, PARP p85, and acetylated nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in cartilage was examined by immunohistochemistry. Synovitis was also evaluated histologically. Primary mouse epiphyseal chondrocytes were treated with SRT1720 in the presence or absence of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and gene expression changes were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The OARSI score was significantly lower in mice treated with SRT1720 than in control mice at eight and 12 weeks associated with the decreased size of osteophytes at four and eight weeks. The delayed OA progression in the mice treated with SRT1720 was also associated with increased SIRT1-positive chondrocytes and decreased MMP-13-, ADAMTS-5-, cleaved caspase-3-, PARP p85-, and acetylated NF-κB p65-positive chondrocytes and decreased synovitis at four and eight weeks. SRT1720 treatment partially rescued the decreases in collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1) and aggrecan caused by IL-1β, while also reducing the induction of MMP-13 by IL-1β in vitro. Conclusion The intraperitoneal injection of SRT1720 attenuated experimental OA progression in mice, indicating that SRT1720 could be a new therapeutic approach for OA.Cite this article: K. Nishida, T. Matsushita, K. Takayama, T. Tanaka, N. Miyaji, K. Ibaraki, D. Araki, N. Kanzaki, T. Matsumoto, R. Kuroda. Intraperitoneal injection of the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 attenuates the progression of experimental osteoarthritis in mice. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:252-262. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.73.BJR-2017-0227.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan
| | - T Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan
| | - K Takayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan
| | - N Miyaji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan
| | - K Ibaraki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan
| | - D Araki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan
| | - N Kanzaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan
| | - T Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan
| | - R Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan
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28
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mTOR signaling in skeletal development and disease. Bone Res 2018; 6:1. [PMID: 29423330 PMCID: PMC5802487 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-017-0004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that integrates inputs from nutrients and growth factors to control many fundamental cellular processes through two distinct protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2. Recent mouse genetic studies have established that mTOR pathways play important roles in regulating multiple aspects of skeletal development and homeostasis. In addition, mTORC1 has emerged as a common effector mediating the bone anabolic effect of Igf1, Wnt and Bmp. Dysregulation of mTORC1 could contribute to various skeletal diseases including osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Here we review the current understanding of mTOR signaling in skeletal development and bone homeostasis, as well as in the maintenance of articular cartilage. We speculate that targeting mTOR signaling may be a valuable approach for treating skeletal diseases. Drugs directed at a key cellular signaling pathway could prove useful for treating skeletal diseases. Jianquan Chen from Soochow University in Suzhou, China, and Fanxin Long from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, provide an overview of how proteins involved in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway sense and integrate a range of environmental cues to regulate bone and cartilage development. In particular, they review the differing roles of the two distinct mTOR-containing protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Both seem to mediate bone formation and resorption but in different ways, with implications for how best to treat osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and other degenerative skeletal diseases. The authors suggest that more specific mTOR inhibitors with minimal side effects are needed to help stimulate bone growth in these diseases.
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29
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Weber A, Chan PMB, Wen C. Do immune cells lead the way in subchondral bone disturbance in osteoarthritis? PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 148:21-31. [PMID: 29277342 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disorder, and non-cartilage articular pathologies, e.g. subchondral bone disturbance, contribute substantially to the onset and progression of the disease. In the early stage of OA, abnormal mechanical loading leads to micro-cracks or micro-fractures that trigger a reparative process with angiogenesis and inflammatory response. With the progression of disease, cystic lesion, sclerosis and osteophytosis occur at tissue level, and osteoblast dysfunction at cellular level. Osteoblasts derived from OA sclerotic bone produce increased amount of type I collagen with aberrant Col1A1/A2 ratio and poor mineralization capability. The coupling mechanism of bone resorption with formation is also impaired with elevated osteoclastic activities. All these suggest a view that OA subchondral bone presents a defective fracture repair process in a chronic course. It has been found that T and B cells, the major effectors in the adaptive immunity, take part in the hard callus formation at fracture site in addition to the initial phase of haematoma and inflammation. Infiltration of lymphocytes could interplay with osteoclasts and osteoblasts via a direct physical cell-to-cell contact. Several lines of evidence have consistently shown the involvement of T and B cells in osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in arthritic joints. Yet the biological link between immune cells and osteoblastic function remains ambiguous. This review will discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of immune cells in bone remodelling, and address its implications in emerging basic and clinical investigations into the pathogenesis and management of subchondral bone pathologies in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Weber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Pok Man Boris Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
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30
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Amin AK, Simpson AHRW, Hall AC. Iatrogenic articular cartilage injury: the elephant in the operating theatre. Bone Joint J 2017; 99-B:1555-1556. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.99b12.bjj-2017-1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Amin
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51
Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, ES16, 4SU, UK
| | | | - A. C. Hall
- University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson
Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh
EH8 9XD, UK
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31
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Li H, Wang D, Yuan Y, Min J. New insights on the MMP-13 regulatory network in the pathogenesis of early osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:248. [PMID: 29126436 PMCID: PMC5681770 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder and affects approximately half of the aged population. Current treatments for OA are largely palliative until the articular cartilage has been deeply damaged and irreversible morphological changes appear. Thus, effective methods are needed for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of OA during its early stages when therapeutic drugs or biological agents are most likely to be effective. Various proteinases involved in articular cartilage degeneration in pre-OA conditions, which may represent the earliest reversible measurable changes, are considered diagnostic and therapeutic targets for early OA. Of these proteinases, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) has received the most attention, because it is a central node in the cartilage degradation network. In this review, we highlight the main MMP-13-related changes in OA chondrocytes, including alterations in the activity and expression level of MMP-13 by upstream regulatory factors, DNA methylation, various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and autophagy. Because MMP-13 and its regulatory networks are suitable targets for the development of effective early treatment strategies for OA, we discuss the specific targets of MMP-13, including upstream regulatory proteins, DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and autophagy-related proteins of MMP-13, and their therapeutic potential to inhibit the development of OA. Moreover, the various entities mentioned in this review might be useful as early biomarkers and for personalized approaches to disease prevention and treatment by improving the phenotyping of early OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Dan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Yongjian Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Jikang Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China. .,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.
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