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Kuraś R, Stępnik M, Grobelny J, Tomaszewska E, Stanisławska M, Domeradzka-Gajda K, Wąsowicz W, Janasik B. Distribution of molybdenum in soft tissues and blood of rats after intratracheal instillation of molybdenum(IV) sulfide nano- and microparticles. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:163-177. [PMID: 38223673 PMCID: PMC10786813 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is still little literature data on the toxicity and safety of the commonly used molybdenum (Mo) disulfide which is present in the working as well as living environments. Thus, an experiment was carried out involving rats, with single and repeated intratracheal exposure (in the latter case, 7 administrations at 2-week intervals with the analysis performed after 90 days) to lower (1.5 mg Mo kg-1 b.w.) and higher (5 mg Mo kg-1 b.w.) doses of molybdenum(IV) sulfide nanoparticles (MoS2-NPs) and microparticles (MoS2-MPs). The analysis of Mo concentrations in the tail and heart blood as well as in soft tissues (lung, liver, spleen, brain), after mineralization and bioimaging, was meant to facilitate an assessment of its accumulation and potential effects on the body following short- and long-term exposure. The multi-compartment model with an exponential curve of Mo concentration over time with different half-lives for the distribution and elimination phases of MoS2-MPs and MoS2-NPs was observed. After 24 h of exposure, a slight increase in Mo concentration in blood was observed. Next, Mo concentration indicated a decrease in blood concentration from 24 h to day 14 (the Mo concentration before the second administration), below the pre-exposure concentration. The next phase was linear, less abrupt and practically flat, but with an increasing trend towards the end of the experiment. Significantly higher Mo concentrations in MoS2-NPs and MoS2-MPs was found in the lungs of repeatedly exposed rats compared to those exposed to a single dose. The analysis of Mo content in the liver and the spleen tissue showed a slightly higher concentration for MoS2-NPs compared to MoS2-MPs. The results for the brain were below the calculated detection limit. Results were consistent with results obtained by bioimaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kuraś
- Central Laboratory, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Stępnik
- QSAR LAB Ltd, 3 Lipy St., 80-172 Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska St., 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Emilia Tomaszewska
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska St., 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stanisławska
- Central Laboratory, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Domeradzka-Gajda
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wąsowicz
- Professor Emeritus, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Janasik
- Department of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St., 91-348 Łódź, Poland
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